351 resultados para Disponibilidade hídrica no solo


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no ano agrícola 1999-2000, em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, campus de Botucatu, SP. O objetivo foi estudar o efeito de diferentes manejos da água de irrigação e de cobertura de polietileno na superfície do solo sobre o comportamento de características morfológicas das plantas de pimentão. O pimentão híbrido Elisa foi cultivado por um período de 230 dias após o transplante das mudas (DAT). O trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos: I) manejos da irrigação nas tensões de água no solo de 50 kPa e 1500 kPa, com e sem a presença de cobertura de polietileno preto sobre a superfície do solo, para o período de 29 a 168 DAT. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, e II) aplicação de deficiência hídrica severa no solo, através da suspensão das irrigações e retirada da cobertura de polietileno do solo, no período de 169 a 230 DAT. Verificou-se que a ocorrência de deficiência hídrica severa ocasiona elevada senescência e abscisão de folhas nas plantas; o manejo da irrigação afeta as características morfológicas das plantas, entretanto, quando submetidas a ciclos consecutivos de secamento do solo, estas plantas desenvolvem características de ‘endurecimento’ aos efeitos da deficiência hídrica. A presença de cobertura polietileno na superfície do solo está associada com alterações nas relações hídricas e na morfologia das plantas.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil e Ambiental - FEB

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The Paulista West region has suffered through the decades an intense process of deforestation when substituting native areas of Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado by agricultural cultivation, mainly coffee in the 20th century. This occupation process without planning and management of the soil resulted in serious erosion problems. Besides, the soil erosion promoted the reduction of agricultural production and the silting of rivers. This paper aims identify the factors of natural scope (geological, geomorphologic and pedologic characteristics) which participate in unleash of erosion process in two agricultural properties producers of coffee in order to apply mechanical techniques of recovery in erosive focuses of furrow and ravine kinds. One of the properties is at the city council of Getulina, located on the sandstones of Adamantina Formation; the other is at the city council of Vera Cruz, located on the sandstones of Marília Formation. However, taking into consideration the analysis of the natural dynamics, they are not enough to explain the complexity of the phenomena which are processed in the geographic space. It made indispensable the incorporation of socio-economic factors, such as the use and occupation process of the soil considering the society as landscape transformers. In order to better understand the importance of each one of the elements that contributes to the unleash of the studied erosions, it was collected soil samples in the areas, general descriptions and texture and morphologic analysis. Finally, it was elaborated the maps of the use and occupation of the soil and the vegetal coverage surrounding the properties studied. It was observed in the rural property of Getulina the substitution of the coffee by pasture that finds degraded. It, in addition to the cattle stomp, which changed the texture and density characteristics among the soil horizons, and the concentration of superficial water flow intensified the occurrence of ...

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Understanding the linkages between the natural elements is essential for being promoted the land use, occupation and sustainable management of environmental systems. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as a predictive model of erosion, is important to allowing the prevention of possible environmental impacts which may drastically interfere in natural or anthropic environments, as well as prevent potential financial wastes and even contribute to greater efficiency of agricultural production. This research will be working some USLE parameters, emphasizing topographic factor from Ribeirão Monjolo Grande watershed. Among the factors considered by the USLE, the Topographic Factor interferes directly in the erosive dynamic of a watershed because it involves variables related to hydrological processes that occur on it. In this research, were discussed different methods for obtaining the Topographic Factor (BERTONI e LOMBARDI NETO, 1985; MOORE e BURCH, 1986; DESMET E GOVERS, 1996) in GIS environment. After comparison between the methods, was indicated that best represents the conditions of geometry strand of the study area. Finally, other factors (R, K, C, P) considered by the USLE were obtained. The attainment of these parameters were guided by the use of geotechnologies, especially in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with the assistance of secondary data and periodic field visits. The results obtained contributed to the understanding of hydrosedimentological dynamic in this area and serve as a viable strategy for studies of soil loss, aiming at developing consistent material for future researches about environmental planning and land management

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA