279 resultados para Celulas solares
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Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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The chemical control of the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS) has been highlighted for the excessive required number of sprayings, considerably increasing citrus production costs. Improvements in the spray efficiency and reductions in the quantity of phytosanitary products have already been searched, but the results of that practice are not consistent yet for its use at commercial scale. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interference of reduced spray volumes in black spot control in citrus fruits. The experiment was carried out in commercial citrus orchard with 16-year-old plants of 'Valencia' variety, during 2007 agricultural season. Treatments consisted of three spray volumes: 3.5; 4.5 and 8.5 liters.plant-1, applied with Arbus 2000/Export airblast sprayer with special manifold of hydraulic nozzles, using fungicides and periods recommended for the disease control, totaling four sprayings plus a control treatment (without spray). The disease incidence and severity were evaluated by visual diagrammatic scale of notes in two different periods (preharvest and harvest), at three plant heights (low, middle and top) and three horizontal sections (entrance, frontal and exit) in two sides of the plant. The fallen fruits were counted every fifteen days, for previously selected plants, from the beginning of maturation to harvest, and the production was quantified (kg.plant-1). The disease incidence and severity were significantly lower when sprayings were done with 8.5 liters.plant-1 in the first evaluation period (pre-harvest), but in the harvest period there were not differences between the same parameters when 4.5 or 8.5 liters.plant-1 were sprayed. None of those treatments reduced the disease on the top section of plants, compared to control. The plant sections with fruits more exposed to sun rays, top and right side of the plant, demonstrated higher disease incidence and severity. The volume reduction from 8.5 to 4.5 liters.plant-1 can be adopted for citrus orchards without damaging the CBS control level.
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The sun has an extremely important role in the existence of human beings, and Brazil has a privileged geographical position to explore sunlight. The union of these two factors favors the use of solar cells for converting solar energy into electricity by photovoltaic technology: it is a great alternative energy source, especially for being a clean one, causing less damage to the environment. This paper addresses the photovoltaic technology with a focus on hospitals, through case studies found in international literature, because hospitals, even running all important services to society, have a potential for pollution capable of causing damage to human health and the environment that is around them. It is estimated that the Brazilian oil reserves are sufficient for twenty-two years. This makes the search for alternative sources for power generation a necessity.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR
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Pós-graduação em Reabilitação Oral - FOAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)