Caracterização da comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Fazenda Nova América, Cabrália Paulista – SP

Após a expansão das fronteiras agrícola e pecuária e com o atual crescimento da indústria de papel e celulose, mosaicos compostos por remanescentes de floresta secundária intercalados com áreas de cultivo de eucalipto se tornaram uma paisagem freqüente no Estado de São Paulo. A queda na biodiversidade em qualquer monocultura é notável quando comparada aos fragmentos de florestas naturais, entretanto estudos sobre a dinâmica das espécies inseridas nesta nova condição ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a comunidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Fazenda Nova América, localizada no município de Cabrália Paulista-SP, de forma a subsidiar ações voltadas ao manejo de habitat e conservação. O principal método de coleta foi o registro de pegadas em transectos lineares, para o estabelecimento da riqueza, abundância e estimativa da diversidade. Para isso, foram realizadas 4 campanhas de campo onde eram percorridos 5 trajetos de 2 km e largura variável, distando, no mínimo, 500 metros entre si. Foram realizadas três repetições em cada trajeto. Como metodologia complementar foram utilizadas parcelas de areia, observação direta de animais, de outros vestígios, entrevistas e captura fotográfica. Foram obtidos registros de 24 espécies de mamíferos, distribuídos em 12 famílias e 6 ordens. A observação de rastros em transectos lineares se mostrou eficiente, amostrando cerca de 80% das espécies presentes na área. A espécie mais encontrada foi o cachorro-domato (Cerdocyon thous), presente em todos os ambientes. As espécies com maior abundância na fazenda foram as generalistas. As áreas de Eucalipto apresentaram uma riqueza e uma abundância de espécies menor que os fragmentos de mata, visto que a monocultura acaba limitando os recursos disponíveis. Mas quando o cultivo ocorre de forma sustentável, pode-se formar um novo ambiente para a fauna e flora locais

Subsídios para elaboração de plano municipal de gestão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos para o município de Rio Claro-SP

The research aims to propose grants for development of Municipal Plan for the Management of Organic Solid Waste generated in the municipality of Rio Claro. The research universe was composed of organic waste generators establishments (markets and grocers). From the registry of commercial establishments provided by the municipal government were identified who presented this typology, which totaled 38 establishments. In this universe the interview was conducted in 15 establishments obtained by directed sampling based on the characteristics of size, type and location. The data collected were the amount generated, disposal of waste, waste separation, collection frequency, reasons for the disposal of waste, frequency of purchase of products. From the data obtained in the field, we estimated the total generation of organic waste in this segment for the municipality. Then, the estimated costs for implementation and operation of a composting center, a way to subsidize the implementation of the management plan was carried out. We opted for the aerobic composting process by the simplicity of operation and because it is a technique already known. The average waste generation was established by tracks (size) with: stores up to 4 boxes (classified as small) generate on average 1511 kg / month, 40% of organic waste, the 5-9 boxes (small/midsize) generate on average 4338 kg / month, 35% organic and the 10 to 19 boxes (midsize) generate on average 7647 kg / month with 32% organic. In total establishments generate 105 t/ month of waste, with 35t / month of organics. 94% of establishments are in font segregation of waste into recyclable, organic and waste, indicating that the proposed management of organic waste is amenable to application without many changes in existing routine in stores. Recyclables are sent for recycling through selective collection held by the cooperative, while the organics are destined for the landfill and feed. The results indicate...

Geofísica aplicada no diagnóstico preliminar do antigo lixão do município de Rio Claro - SP

The issue of solid waste disposal and urban growth are conflictive, since the areas where old uncontrolled refuse disposal were away from the city today are incorporated to the urban area population. Thus, now population is closer to the degradation of contaminants coming from waste disposal, and, in some cases, these areas become housing subdivisions. This work aims to support the diagnosis of a former landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP), using geophysical methods through resistivity anomalies. In order to develop the diagnostic, it was utilized water and soil analysis of a preliminary report and techniques of vertical electrical sounding and electrical profiling. The areas influenced by the garbage presented less resistivity than the one of the natural subsoil. Through the interpretation of results, the local potentiometric map was elaborated, as well as a map of calculated resistivity. The interpretation of these products indicated a disagreement between the groundwater flow and the current topography, leading to an identification of a preferential direction of the contamination plume in the NE-SW. These observations prove the applicability of geoelectrical methods in areas of former waste disposal with little information.

As possíveis relações entre moralidade e perdão em crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

This research aims to show how children can learn the meaning of forgiveness in order to build their autonomy and moral . Research is essential to support teachers to work morale within the classroom with their students , so that conflicts a re minimized or even eliminated . Through Piagetian clinical method was observed and interviewed students from the first year of elementary school , trying to identify those who can take a perspective other than you r own . All this in order to inve stigate the possibility of these becoming autonomous and can measure th e consequences of their actions . To develop the moral and intellectual autonomy of the students , Piaget (1994 ) shows the importance of children to act properly by choice , not by pres sure punishments or rewards , and that they have the correct answers , not because someone showed you , but because found . Through research , we found that students are able to forgive, but often requiring that the colleague is also punished in some way. Fo r in fact the children act autonomously it is necessary that the school provides situations where they can experience the cooperation , reciprocity, mutual respect , and thus gradually build their autonomy

Comparação entre dossel e sub-bosque de um trecho de floresta ombrófila densa Montana, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, SP, Brasil

Estudos a respeito da composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica da vegetação são de grande importância não só para estabelecer parâmetros e associá-los a comunidades semelhantes em diferentes locais ou sob influência de condições ambientais diversas. Também servem para subsidiar medidas conservacionistas diante do cenário atual de intensa fragmentação, aplicáveis sob perspectivas da ecologia da paisagem. Neste estudo, analisamos a composição e estrutura do subbosque de um trecho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana, e comparamos com o dossel. Amostramos todos os indivíduos arbustivo e arbóreos que tiveram altura superior ou igual a um metro e meio e perímetro à altura do peito (PAP) menor que quinze centímetros (H ≥ 1,5 m e PAP < 15 cm) em uma área de 0,4 ha, totalizando 2321 indivíduos. Encontramos 252 espécies, distribuídas em 43 famílias para o subbosque e 583 indivíduos, 129 espécies e 36 famílias para o dossel. Os valores do índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foram, respectivamente, 4,13 e 3,94 nat.ind.-1 e os valores de equabilidade de Pielou (J) foram 0,75 e 0,81. As famílias de maior riqueza em comum nos dois estratos foram Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae e Fabaceae. A espécie com o maior valor de importânica do sub-bosque foi Psychotria nuda (VI = 9,33%), abrangendo 12,3% dos indivíduos. Já para o estrato superior, Coussarea accedens foi a que mais se destacou, com VI = 7,94%, (12,5% dos indivíduos amostrados). A comparação entre as parcelas revela similaridade na composição, principalmente entre parcelas pouco distantes geograficamente. Em relação à riqueza, podemos perceber uma diferença significativa entre as parcelas, de forma que a parcela Q2 apresenta maior número de espécies para o sub-bosque. Quanto aos estratos, notamos que estes apresentam riqueza semelhante quando comparados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise da percepção da variação do campo térmico na cidade de São Paulo-SP: o exemplo da subprefeitura Sé

This research aimed to analyze the spatial area for the design of the Heat Island of Subprefecture Sé, in São Paulo-SP, with the support of geotecnology and based on the study of environmental perception. We used remote sensing products such as maps ofland use and soil temperature and apparent surface to evaluate the thermal conditions considered critical points in the central area of the municipality. The methodology used was qualitative analysis, based on interviews with the people, allowing rescue geoecology the conditioning aspects of the city, with an emphasis on environmental perception. This study aimed toanalyze the perception of the variation of the thermal field in São Paulo. The results indicated that (95%) of respondents feel that the temperature of the central area has increased each year, and the district that stood out was the Sé, due to intense use and occupation of land and contribute one of the largest shopping centers. Districts with points given for having better thermal comfort were Santa Cecília, the República and Bela Vista, due to their larger amount of green areas by fiscal court, which act as local refrigerators. It was found that the respondents have the perception and awareness of their spa directly related to the quality of life. Through analysis of several variables involved, proposals and strategies may support public policies and urban planning

Orientação sexual nas aulas de educação física escolar

Sexual Orientation is present in the school setting, due to human relationships among all belonging to this area. Being a cross-cutting theme, this theme pervades the Physical Education and allows discussions related to the gender, body and media, respect for diversity, disease prevention and other topics that the contents of body culture allow to deal. With observation and participation in the school context, through a stage of more than a year, we realized the need to address the issue of sexual orientation with students. In addition, there is a dearth of articles dealing with this topic, a factor that complicates and limits the search fields of material for the teacher preparing lessons and address the issue. Thus, this study aims to develop classes to subsidize the practice of teachers of physical education in relation to Sexual Orientation. The preparation of activities was carried out from a bibliographic review and experiences of the researchers, presenting new possibilities to teacher to treat this subject in classes of that discipline. The topics covered are intended to demystify some pre-concepts related to gender in bodily practices that are socially constructed. Also, presented a way to address STDs and teenage pregnancy, topics not found in academic magazines of the area used in this study. Treating Sexual Orientation in Physical Education classes may seem at first a tricky and of difficult data collection. The teacher must seek this knowledge so that it can address the issue with students in a transparent and really effective not being only informative classes meaningless or decontextualized thoughts

Avaliação das taxas de erosão química e física na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Jacutinga (SP)

Currently with the growing technological advancement and global, new areas are being devastated, and as a result, the erosion became more frequent causing loss of soil, infiltration capacity of the surface and weathering of rocks. In this way, environmental studies are increasingly frequent to understand the environment in which we live, but also to avoid any degradation of the same and of finite natural resources, which are essential for human life. From this, this work has as main goal, analyzing the rates of chemical and mechanical erosive watershed of Ribeirão Jacutinga, at its mouth, in the city of Rio Claro, supporting environmental studies and sustainable development today. Order to reach these values were measured and total dissolved solids in suspension in the stream during the months from January to July 2012. As results included higher rates of both physical and chemical weathering in the rainy months, especially january

Identificação e mapeamento da dinâmica fluvial com fins à avaliação da sensibilidade ao derrame de óleo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A influência de variáveis ambientais na distribuição e abundância de Brachycephalus ephippium na Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo

The Atlantic forest has a large number of endemic species due to the varieties of environments, altitudes, and climates found along its distribution. The species Brachycephalus ephippium is an example of endemic anuran from this forest formation, occurring in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, between 750 and 1200 m altitude. This species is abundant in the Serra do Japi, an Atlantic Forest remnant, which houses high biodiversity, located in Jundiaí city, between three big urban centers in the state of São Paulo. This remnant, which has altitude ranging between 700 and 1300 meters, is threatened by global climate changes and, spite of legally protected, by intense pressure of urbanization. The aim of the present study was to verify the association between of environmental variables with the abundance and distribution of B. ephippium in the Serra do Japi. The air relative humidity showed a positive correlation with the presence of B. ephippium individuals and the best model to explain the abundance involved air relative temperature and litter temperature. These results allowed the investigation of the environment use by this species and can be used to provide conservationist actions

Avaliação teórico-experimental da distribuição de dose absorvida em radioterapia em tumores de pele

O trabalho propõe rotinas computacionais usando o Método de Monte Carlo com o Código MCNP-5, para analisar os perfis de dose de radiação liberada nos tratamentos de tumores de pele e otimizar os cálculos radiométricos dos feixes de radiação estudados. Foram realizadas medidas dosimétricas do feixe de radiação, comparando os resultados obtidos com os respectivos valores fornecidos pelo serviço de física médica das instituições, com resultados informados pelo fabricante do equipamento e com as simulações computacionais efetuadas com o Código MCNP-5. A quantificação dos erros relativos percentual entre os resultados simulados e os fornecidos pelo Serviço de Radioterapia (E1), os informados pelo fabricante (E2) e os medidos experimentalmente (E3) são inferiores a 4,0% e validam a metodologia computacional proposta para avaliação do comportamento do feixe de raios-X superficial e do feixe de raios γ da unidade de Cobaltoterapia. A metodologia de análise do espectro energético e da curva de porcentagem de dose profunda (PDP) desenvolvida neste trabalho pode ser estendida para estudos de outros feixes clínicos e subsidiar os dados radiométricos utilizados nos planejamentos e cálculos de dose realizados pelo profissional da física médica na sua rotina nos Serviços de Radioterapia

Interações entre frugívoros voadores e plantas em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, Botucatu, SP

Plant-frugivore interactions are essential elements in ecosystem and their knowledge can becomes an important tool for the biodiversity maintenance. This study focused on analyzing the trophic structure of volant frugivore community and its implications for conservation. Bats and birds interactions events with plants were taken from three studies realized in Mata da Bica, a fragment of semideciduous seasonal forest in Botucatu- SP, and arranged in a matrix. A total of 40 interactions with 14% of connectance were found and only one dietary overlap between birds and bats was registrated. Carollia perspicillata (Phyllostomidae) bat showed the highest importance index (I=0,33) among the animals and Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae) was the most important plant species (I=0,42). Birds and bats complemented each other in a possible dispersal process emphasizing different classes of animals’ role in an unique ecological process

Modelagem matemática e simulação computacional de derrames de óleo em corpos d'água: um estudo de caso na região do Porto de Santos

The objective of this work is to accomplish studies of mathematical modeling and computational simulation of oil spills in water bodies. For this reason, a case study in the region of the Port of Santos was developed using the softwares SisBAHIA and ADIOS2 for the simulation of different hypothetical scenarios of oil spilling on the surface of water, aiming to obtain information that contribute to the reduction of the possible environmental impacts that can be caused by such accidents. The results generated in the different simulations had shown that the obtained data can be extremely useful to subsidize the elaboration of mitigation plans, the mapping of risk areas or even the proposal of emergencial strategies in cases of real accidents, configuring the modeling and the simulation as important and modern tools for the environmental planning and management.

A história do salto triplo como subsídio para seu ensino na escola

O salto triplo existe há mais de 2000 anos e foi praticado, primeiramente, pelo povo celta, isto é, antigos habitantes da Europa Ocidental. Essa prova era praticada em competições esportivas rurais e expandiu-se pelo resto da Europa no século XIX. Atualmente, o Brasil serve como referência para outros países, já que tivemos grandes atletas que marcaram presença no cenário olímpico do salto triplo como, por exemplo, Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, Nelson Prudêncio e João Carlos de Oliveira. Apesar de ser uma das provas do atletismo mais antigas, o salto triplo ainda é muito pouco trabalhado em escolas de todo o país. Por essa razão, essa pesquisa, de caráter histórico-bibliográfico, tem como objetivo realizar um resgate histórico dessa prova, reunindo dados e informações pertinentes relacionados ao salto triplo. Nesse sentido, foram realizadas pesquisas no acervo de universidades como Unesp (Rio Claro), Unicamp e PUC-Campinas, além de web sites, com livros e artigos digitalizados, e registros diversos que pudessem contribuir para a elaboração desse trabalho. Esperamos, portanto, além de realizar o resgate histórico dessa prova, subsidiar o trabalho de professores de Educação Física no âmbito escolar, para que o ensino do salto triplo e do atletismo de forma geral se difunda e conquiste mais espaço nas escolas brasileiras

Avaliação da qualidade da atenção ao parto nos colegiados de gestão regional Cuesta Botucatu e Vale do Jurumirim

The humanization of childbirth implies the understanding of this event as an important experience, and requires the redefinition of human relationships from the review of the assistance project, the understanding of pregnant women condition and human rights. To evaluate child birth assistance using a score that was developed by Botucatu Cuesta Regional Management and Jurumirim Valley Collegiates. This is an epidemiological, descriptive study that is inserted in the field of evaluation of services, programs or health projects. The data has been obtained by direct observation of deliveries, emphasizing the humane care. Results: Approximately one third of the women gave birth in a tertiary hospital (34.1%) and it was their first babies (33%).24.8% of the women received prenatal care in high-risk services. 67.1% of the births were normal, and 84.7% had no companions in the delivery room. In 47.1% of the cases the delivery was performed by obstetrician who used anesthesia in 44.7% and episiotomy in 48.2% of the deliveries. More than half of the newborns were attended by the pediatrician in the delivery room and had a delivery graph completed. Although the present study shows that 67.1% of the births were normal, caesarean rate can be considered excessive, as the WHO points out that c-sections above 15% are unlikely to be justifiable. It is important to emphasize that the Ministry of Health has to have a commitment with all women to promote safe motherhood, even in cases when the pregnancy involves a risk for both the mother and the fetus. It is noteworthy that the created score allowed us to assess variables related to the humanization of childbirth and only average and quite similar situations among the three services were evidenced. We hope that with this study, managers and professionals that work in this area can be subsidized in order to offer effective humane assistance and quality service in the delivery