Subsídios para elaboração de plano municipal de gestão de resíduos sólidos orgânicos para o município de Rio Claro-SP

The research aims to propose grants for development of Municipal Plan for the Management of Organic Solid Waste generated in the municipality of Rio Claro. The research universe was composed of organic waste generators establishments (markets and grocers). From the registry of commercial establishments provided by the municipal government were identified who presented this typology, which totaled 38 establishments. In this universe the interview was conducted in 15 establishments obtained by directed sampling based on the characteristics of size, type and location. The data collected were the amount generated, disposal of waste, waste separation, collection frequency, reasons for the disposal of waste, frequency of purchase of products. From the data obtained in the field, we estimated the total generation of organic waste in this segment for the municipality. Then, the estimated costs for implementation and operation of a composting center, a way to subsidize the implementation of the management plan was carried out. We opted for the aerobic composting process by the simplicity of operation and because it is a technique already known. The average waste generation was established by tracks (size) with: stores up to 4 boxes (classified as small) generate on average 1511 kg / month, 40% of organic waste, the 5-9 boxes (small/midsize) generate on average 4338 kg / month, 35% organic and the 10 to 19 boxes (midsize) generate on average 7647 kg / month with 32% organic. In total establishments generate 105 t/ month of waste, with 35t / month of organics. 94% of establishments are in font segregation of waste into recyclable, organic and waste, indicating that the proposed management of organic waste is amenable to application without many changes in existing routine in stores. Recyclables are sent for recycling through selective collection held by the cooperative, while the organics are destined for the landfill and feed. The results indicate...

A atividade física na saúde mental: uma revisão de literatura

Ao longo da história, a doença mental passou por diversos períodos de críticas relações com a própria humanidade, exposta à vulnerabilidade dos mitos e pré-concepções que motivaram a perseguição e segregação daqueles seres humanos qualificados como “insanos”. No Brasil, as primeiras intervenções específicas de atendimento à doença mental só ocorreram a partir da segunda metade do século 19. Atualmente a doença mental representa um dos maiores gastos da rede do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) (Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, 1999). Nas últimas décadas, a fim de diminuir o tempo de internação e o gasto com medicamentos, um conjunto de iniciativas surgiu como forma de transformar a compreensão cultural e a relação da sociedade com as pessoas que apresentam transtornos mentais. Dentre as novas propostas humanizadoras de atendimento, a educação física e, particularmente, o exercício, vieram mostrar sua contribuição nessa área. Para Silva (1995), a atividade física acarreta uma complexa rede de reações bioenergéticas no organismo e essas acabam por melhorar o rendimento físico e mental dos pacientes nas atividades de vida diária. Tendo em vista a relevância da intervenção através da atividade física no campo da doença mental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar resultados dos estudos que demonstraram os benefícios da atividade física para indivíduos com transtornos psiquiátricos, considerando os aspectos fisiológicos e emocionais dos mesmos, através de revisão da literatura científica. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento nas principais bases de dados através do cruzamento de palavras chaves, tais como “saúde mental e atividade física”, “doença mental e atividade física”, “esquizofrenia e atividade física”, “transtorno psiquiátrico e atividade física”, “transtorno bipolar e atividade física”. Os resultados dos estudos revelaram que a atividade física possui...

Avaliação estratégica de um plano de gestão de resíduos sólidos com foco nos resíduos orgânicos

One of the greatest problems nowadays is the correct management of solid waste produce in every human activity. On 2010, the “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” was approved, this law brings directives and instruments to deal with the solid waste issue. The objective of this work is to make a Strategic Assessment on a Solid Waste Management Plan applied to a medium size city. Based on general data about the situation of the solid wastes in Brazil, a first scenario was described. After that, likely scenarios were proposed, taking segregation, treatment and final disposal on account. Finally, those scenarios were compared, mainly in the final volume disposed and costs involved

A influência das características morfométricas e de uso da terra na morfodinâmica: um estudo da alta bacia do Rio Itanhaém - Baixada Santista/SP

Diante do desenfreado uso da terra, gerando impactos muitas vezes irreversíveis, o planejamento ambiental insere-se como uma ferramenta atualmente necessária. Visto que é sob o relevo que se consolidam as atividades antrópicas, a cartografia do relevo surge como um importante instrumento, indicando setores cujas características naturais impõem limites ao uso da terra. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as características geomorfológicas da alta bacia do Rio Itanhaém, com ênfase à questão morfográfica e morfométrica do relevo, avaliando também as modificações impostas a este em decorrência do uso da terra, contribuindo, portanto, com a gestão ambiental desta área. Para tanto, foram elaborados documentos cartográficos capazes de evidenciar as características do relevo que impõem limites ao uso antrópico, a saber: as cartas morfométricas (carta de declividade, carta de dissecação vertical, carta de dissecação horizontal e carta de energia do relevo), que são documentos que evidenciam a suscetibilidade potencial do relevo sob a influência da ação das águas e gravitacional; a carta geomorfológica (cenário de 1962), que possibilita a espacialização das formas do relevo, contribuindo para a análise da morfodinâmica; e as cartas de uso da terra (cenário de 1962 e 2000), que, em conjunto com os documentos já especificados, possibilitam a análise da influência da atuação antrópica sob o sistema relevo. De maneira geral, pôde-se detectar problemas na morfodinâmica da área de estudo, evidenciados pela presença de feições denudacionais localizadas, tais como sulcos erosivos, voçorocas, ravina e cicatrizes de escorregamentos, os quais vinculam-se ao potencial natural que o relevo da área de estudo possui ao desencadeamento de processos morfogenéticos; à dinamização de processos naturais pela atuação antrópica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

A personagem Bigger Thomas na obra de Richard Wright e a construção de identidade afro-americana

This paper analyzes the character Bigger Thomas Native Son’s American novel published in 1940 by African-American author Richard Wright. Through this character we try to study more the post-slavery racial issue in a country where racial segregation was legally sustained and how this issue was reflected in society and identity formation of their native sons African-American

Síntese e caracterização de ferritas de manganês e zinco visando aplicação como agente de contraste em diagnóstico médico

This work aims to synthesize the manganese and zinc ferrite, by the polymeric precursor method, in order to obtain materials with appropriate characteristics for the application in medical diagnosis techniques. The manganese and zinc ferrite powders with the composition of Mn(1-x)ZnxFe2O4, where x=0,23, were prepared and calcined in air at different times and temperatures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that the sample calcined at 400°C crystallize as ferrite (monophase), but in an inverted spinel structure (high content of iron occupying manganese tetrahedral site and manganese occupying the iron octahedral site). The samples calcined at temperatures between 600°C and 900°C shows the secondary phase of hematite and the sample calcined at 1100oC shows to be monophase in ferrite with normal spinel structure. The monophase powders of ferrite showed a reduction in the surface area and an increasing in the pore size for higher calcination temperatures. The magnetic analysis show that the sample calcined at 400°C presents satisfactory magnetization at room temperature, however, it behaves as diamagnetic material at low temperatures (10K). The powder containing hematite, without the partial substitution of iron ions by manganese, showed to have low transition temperature, and consequently low magnetization at room temperature. The hematite, when partially substituted, provides materials with irregular magnetization at the saturation region. The powder calcined at 1100°C shows high magnetization either at room temperature or low temperature (10K)

Gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde do pronto socorro de um hospital escola na cidade de Botucatu

Health Care Waste (HCW) represents 1%, and it has presently gained a lot of importance. Adequate management is one of the great challenges to be faced by health care centers. It has gained distinction and been widely discussed by members of the sectors involved with sanitation, public health and environmental issues due to waste physical, chemical biological characteristics, which pose potential risk to the environment and public health. The present study aims at evaluating HCW internal management by following all its phases, determining indicators, classifying and quantifying, establishing production rates (kg /patient/day) for the sector and designing materials to disseminate appropriate HCW disposal in the Emergency Room of the UNESP University Hospital in the city of Botucatu according to the guidelines presently in force. : From June to October 2011, the waste flow was observed from its production to final disposal. Four weight measurements were performed on four consecutive days in the month of August by using a properly calibrated (in grams) digital scale at the times scheduled for collection of the produced waste. Hence, the daily and monthly amounts were estimated according to their classification. All the waste packaged in the bags in garbage cans in the Emergency Room for a 24-hour period was considered to be a sample. Separation was not adequately performed in that sector, and waste from Group A was mixed with that from Group D. The amount of infectious waste produced in the sector corresponded to 87.80 %, common waste to 10.93 % and recyclable waste to 1.27%. The mean daily HCW production was of 123.300 kg/day, and the total monthly production was of 3,822 kg/month, which was distributed as follows: Group A 3,355,750 kg/month; Group D 417,570 kg/month and recyclables 48,670 kg/month. The production rate corresponded to 0.47 kg/patient/day, thus showing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

As (im)possibilidades da etnomatemática no ensino escolar

This work aims to raise the possibilities of the use of the Ethnomathematics in the teaching of school mathematics, especially in aspects related to socio-cultural issues, in view of its universal character and its importance for the understanding of mathematics as a human construction. The teaching of mathematics is influenced by a belief that mathematics is only for the intelligent. With this, she assumes, consciously or unconsciously, a characteristic of social segregation and intellectual who has served as domination of the masses. Thus, this study may contribute to the teacher entered the school environment offering you one more tool in an attempt to succeed in the teaching and learning. We have forwarded this research in the theoretical literature, gathering input for the near future we can verify their efficacy or, more daring, we can contribute to an educational proposal that has as a prerequisite to sociocultural factors that underlie the teaching and learning of mathematics and that it will meet the real needs of the population

Reanálise das defasagens de Prometeu e Pandora

In the present work it is proposed to do a revision on some studies on the dynamics of the Prometheus-Pandora system. In special, those studies that deal with anomalous behaviours observed on its components, identi ed as angular lags in these satellite`s orbits. Initially, it is presented a general description, contextualising the main characteristics of this system. The main publications related to this subject are analised and commented, in chronological order, showing the advances made in the knowledge of such dynamics. An analysis of the initial conditions, used by Goldreich e Rappaport (2003a ,b) e Cruz (2004), obtained through observations made by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts and by the Hubble space telescope, it is made in order to try to reproduce their results. However, no clear conclusion of the values used were found. The tests addopted in the analysis are from Cruz (2004), which reproduced the results and o ered a new explanation on the origin of the observed angular lags. The addopetd methodology involves the numerical integration of the equations of motion of the system, including the zonal harmonics J2, J4 and J6 of Saturn's gravitational potential. A fundamental consideration in this study is the use of geometric elements instead of osculating elements. It was found the set of initial data that best reproduces the results from Goldreich e Rappaport (2003a, b) and Cruz (2004)

Análise da estabilidade do movimento rotacional de satélites artificiais com quatérnions e sob a influência de torques externos

The aim of this work is to analyze the stability of the rotational motion’s artificial satellite using the Routh Hurwitz Algorithm (CRH) and the quaternions to describe the satellite’s attitude. This algorithm allows the investigation of the stability of the motion using the coefficients of the characteristic equation associated with the equation of the rotational motion in the linear form. The equations of the rotational motion are given by the four cinematic equations for the quaternion and the three equations of Euler for the spin velocity’s components. In the Euler equations are included the components of the gravity gradient torque (TGG) and the solar radiation torque (TRS). The TGG is generated by the difference of the Earth gravity force direction and intensity actuating on each satellite mass element and it depends on the mass distribution and the form of the satellite. The TRS is created by changing of the linear momentum, which happens due to the interactions of solar photons with the satellite surface. The equilibrium points are gotten by the equation of rotational motion and the CRH is applied in the linear form of these equations. Simulations are developed for small and medium satellites, but the gotten equilibrium points are not stable by CRH. However, when some of the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation are analyzed, it is found some equilibrium points which can be pointed out as stables for an interval of the time, due to small magnitude of the real part of these eigenvalue

Condomínio residenciais fechados: um estudo de caso no município de Itu-SP

Since the middle of the XX century, observed a guided development in capitalism and globalization. In this context, a new way of thinking and producing dwellings, closed horizontal residential condominiums, with its beginnings in the United States. Currently, these also appear as a trend in Brazil. Their deployment has generated both social and spatial problems, since the production and consumption of urban space are given in different ways in different social classes. This process began in the 1970s and was unique to metropolitan areas until the 1980s, when it began to achieve medium-sized cities. Thus, highlighting some points, such as the production and consumption of urban space and the construction of condominiums in average Brazilian cities, this paper aims to describe and analyze the dynamics of residential condominiums in the city of Itu (SP)

Sala de recursos para deficientes visuais: contribuições para o processo de inclusão escolar

This work is situated in the universe of resource rooms with a focus on the teachinglearning disabled students with low vision and visual in two cities of São Paulo. The paper discusses theoretically the historical emergence of these rooms, the deployment in the State of São Paulo and its importance within the context of school inclusion of students with visual impairments. Its purpose is to conduct a general survey of the operating conditions of the rooms from the perspective of the teacher of students. The results verified the contribution of this service as a complementary tool of the ordinary classroom, the use of specific instructional materials and overall educational performance of students. The results indicate that this type of specialized care while receiving criticism, does not promote segregation, but what about the educational needs of these students, who despite the lack of vision, school performance is equal to or better than the other students in the classroom common, it all depends on family support, and dedication to studies by the student. Research has shown students satisfied with the services provided in the resource room, as well as integration and good relationships between teachers and students. We could also highlight the importance of specific training and mastery of knowledge by the teacher to work with the visually impaired person. At the end the results were sent to the schools of this research object of study so that it can contribute to effective work in the educational process for visually impaired students in resource rooms

As Políticas Públicas para a promoção da igualdade racial no contexto de Presidente Prudente

This work aims at presenting the historical and social path traversed in Brazil since slavery until the implementation of affirmative public policies to promote racial equality, at the local level, in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP. Therefore, the starting point was the equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution. As a result, there was a brief historical path of national trajectory, starting from slavery to the so-called cordial racism, seeking to demonstrate the route of racial discrimination in the country. Later, we made notes about the necessity and debate on public policy statements of various fields, were made explicit in the text and the articles of the Constitution which prescribe the crime of racism and some of the situations that were highlighted in the national media. The focus in the city of Presidente Prudente was through historical research, interviews, photographic records and documents that informed about the presence of black people in the city. From these data, based on previous research, it was possible to trace the formation and development of the Black Movement in the city and thus point the way to the formation of this City Council for Racial Equality and the need for application of affirmative action policies for the municipality by hereby. Data from the 2000 Census and 2010 indicate the demand of Presidente Prudente as the percentage of blacks self-declared grew this decade. The main demands are paring the areas of Health since the rate of black women Administrative Region (RA) of Presidente Prudente who die in puerperium and high; Education through enhanced, by the Municipal Education Law No. 10,639, and due attention to african-Brazilian culture by respecting the religious manifestations of African origin among others... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Intervalo: uma crítica à cidade segregada

Uma intrínseca característica da cidade de Bauru, São Paulo, é a descontinuidade de sua malha urbana, a qual gera conflitos muito maiores do que somente uma interrupção física. Logo, este Trabalho Final de Graduação (TFG) busca retratar que conflitos são estes presentes na cidade, tendo-se como premissa que tais não são apenas uma característica bauruense, mas próprios da formação das cidades. E então, através do desenho urbanístico e arquitetônico, busca-se aqui uma resposta projetual a um espaço da cidade de Bauru – intervalo presente entre os bairros Vila Falcão e Jardim Bela Vista – onde estes conflitos encontram-se concentrados, visando estabelecer conexões físicas e humanas onde tais relações sempre foram feitas de maneira precária

Determinação por meio de planejamento de experimentos da influência do lixamento nas medidas de dureza com durômetro portátil de método UCI

The hardness has an important role in quality control, in research studies and metallurgical and mechanical specification, selection and comparison of various materials. This property is of extreme importance in the oil industry because it is a determining factor to ascertain the safety of the material used in pressure vessels and pipelines. Due to the inability to stop the equipment while checking the hardness, the hardness testers are widely used portable method UCI, its great advantage is the fact that an essay fast, simple realization and not be considered a non-destructive testing with a good relationship money. The objective is to determine if there is significant difference in hardness measurements between 80 and 1200 sandpaper using a portable hardness tester UCI method, the material applied in gas storage spheres composition ASTM 516 Gr 70. After determining the number of homogeneity, we performed the hardness profile to isolate the major factors influencing the hardness part: cold rolling and segregation of impurities. Factors Cooling and sanding were analyzed using the method of design of experiments (DOE), in which it was demonstrated that neither variables nor their interactions, has significant influence on the hardness measurements by portable MIC 10. This fact will lead to reduction in time and cost for surface preparation