225 resultados para Reprodução biológica
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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A Multi-locus mixed mating model and correlated mating model were used to analyze the mating system of four natural populations of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert from Western Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Open pollinated seeds were collected from 19 to 33 seed-trees per population and evaluated by allozyme electrophoresis analysis. Significant differences between pollen and ovule gene frequencies were detected in more than 50% of loci in each population, indicating deviations from random mating, probably due to correlated mating, self-fertilizations and mating among relatives. The comparison the fixation index estimated from seed trees ((F) over cap (m), ranged from 0.009 to 0.285) with their progenies ((F) over cap (p), ranged from 0.127 to 0.364) suggested selection against inbreeding between offspring of adult stages. The estimates of multi-locus outcrossing rate (t(m)) ranged from 0.557 to 0.924, indicating that the species has a mixed-mating system. Differences between multi-locus and single-locus outcrossing rate (t(m)-t(s))was positive and significantly different from zero for all populations, with values ranging from 0.092 to 0.111, suggesting mating among relatives within the populations, probably due to the presence of intra-population spatial genetic structure. The mean coefficient of co-ancestry (Theta) within progenies ranged from 0.147 to 0.251; confirming that the progenies are compounded by mixtures of different kinds of relatedness. The results are discussed from the view of genetic improvement and conservation of the species.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Trabalho trata da síntese e caracterização de quelatos inéditos de prata, paládio e platina contendo proteínas hidrolisadas da clara de ovo. A ideia consiste em preparar e utilizar quelatos metálicos contendo ligantes de origem natural, como metalofármacos. A pesquisa realizada pode ser dividida em três etapas. A primeira, referente à hidrólise e análise do hidrolisado proteico da clara de ovo. Diversos métodos e condições experimentais foram testadas a fim de se encontrar as condições de hidrólise mais adequadas (natureza da enzima, tempo, pH, temperatura, relação enzima:substrato) para a obtenção de aminoácidos livres e/ou pequenos peptídeos. A segunda parte consistiu na obtenção de compostos de coordenação de platina, prata e paládio contendo o hidrolisado proteico. Nessa etapa, diferentes rotas sintéticas e condições experimentais também foram utilizadas. Além disso, a espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho foi utilizada nessa etapa para investigar as características estruturais (particularmente, os grupos funcionais presentes) dos compostos metálicos obtidos bem como da matéria prima utilizada (clara de ovo). Após inúmeras tentativas de síntese, três amostras promissoras, do ponto de vista da Química de Coordenação, foram obtidas, a saber, CO-Pd2, CO-Pd9 e CO-Ag3. Ensaios biológicos preliminares, que consistiu na terceira e última parte deste trabalho, foram realizados no sentido de avaliar a capacidade inibitória de crescimento das bactérias S. aureus e E. coli, através da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) dos compostos metálicos obtidos.
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The recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) at first, had its widespread use in dairy cows in order to increase milk production. Currently, it has been studied frequently and use their influence both in bovine milk, such as cutting. Its production has been an evolution to the science, using bacteria to produce recombinant DNA. Most authors that have studied and obtained positive results, such as increasing the number of ovarian follicles larger than five millimeters, among others. Its action takes place directly on the ovary, follicles, corpus luteum, the granulosa cells, oviduct, myometrium, endometrium and placenta, where they were found receptors, or indirectly through the release of insuline like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Therefore, the objective of this work is to explain the importance of bST in bovine as well as the usefulness of this, its mechanism of action and the benefits it can bring when combined with other biotechnology, such as superovulation, embryo transfer, synchronization of estrus, and others
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The acceptance of biotechnology for the most equine breeders association had a significant effect in the horse industry, gaining popularity around the world, because the increasing on the genetic gain, allowing the use of sub fertile mares and stallions with high genetics value on reproduction. The embryos in vitro production of human and cattle has been used with success, however in vitro embryo production is not efficient in the horse, as oocyte transfer (OT) and intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI). The oocyte transfer has been used especially in subfertile old mares presenting reproductive pathologies as: endometrite, cervical and uterine adhesions, blocked oviduct, perineal laceration and ovulation failures. During oocyte recovery process, the oocytes must be collected from immature follicles that need be matured in vitro or in vivo matured oocytes from pre-ovulatory follicles through the transvaginal aspiration guided by ultrasound. The recovered oocyte is transferred to a previously inseminated recipient mare, through the flank laparotomy. The intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure of in vitro fertilization that needs only one sperm that is aspirated and injected inside the oocyte. The oocytes used, can be from mature and immature follicles. Fresh, cooled and frozen semen can be used, because the procedure not requires a functional sperm. The use of Piezo drill resulted in a breakthrough the pellucid zone, allowing the vibration per minute provided in the sperm injection pipette, a major result of cleaved oocytes, due to a better sperm injection in the oocyte. The embryo transfer can be straight inside the oviduct, as also transcervical transferred after embryo culture produced in vitro. In conclusion both procedures (OT and ICSI) are effective to be used on equine assisted reproduction, getting results even lower than expected, but satisfactory from animal genetically superior
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Cancer biology is a complex and expanding field of science study. Due its complexity, there is a strong motivation to integrate many fields of knowledge to study cancer biology, and biological stoichiometry can make this. Biological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of multiple chemical elements in biological systems. A key idea in biological stoichiometry is the growth rate hypothesis, which states that variation in the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry of living things is associated with growth rate because of the elevated demands for phosphorusrich ribosomal RNA and other elements necessary to protein synthesis. As tumor cells has high rate proliferation, the growth rate hypothesis can be used in cancer study. In this work the dynamic of two tumors (primary and secondary) and the chemical elements carbon and nitrogen are simulate and analyzed through mathematical models that utilize as central idea biological stoichiometry. Differential equations from mathematical model are solved by numerical method Runge-Kutta fourth order
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With the increasing development of the brazilian sheep production, the producer was forced to achieve higher production rates. The use of artificial insemination has been shown as an important biotechnological tool in animal breeding. Among the various existing techniques, the superficial cervical insemination with fresh semen is demonstrating fertility rates between 70 and 80% (AISEN, 2008), in addition to its applicability, it does not require sophisticated equipment or manpower to highly specialized implementing these plans greater possibility in your job to maximize reproduction and greater dissemination of superior genetic material on the property. This study aims to address aspects of artificial insemination with fresh semen in sheep and its applicability in commercial herds biotechnology as a tool in assisted reproduction
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The Doppler ultrasound allows the assessment of blood flow and the differentiate vessels according to each spectral pattern, location and organ that irrigate, helping the examinations and disease diagnosis. The main methods used are Pulsed Doppler, Color Doppler and Power Doppler. In Brazil veterinary medicine, it shows progress since 1990, but its use is limited by the equipment high cost, the need for operator experience and patient cooperation. There are studies in obstetrics and reproduction of dogs and cats, such as evaluation of the testicular vasculature, including the use of contrast material, and attempts to evaluate prostate in healthy dogs or pathological conditions (cancer and testicular torsion , orchitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia; estrous cycle monitoring, evaluation of irrigation in follicles and corpus luteum, uterus and breasts (mammary tumors) in bitches; monitoring pregnancy from the assessment of maternal, fetal and placental hemodynamics, both in dogs as in cats, and aspirations for early detection of pregnancy in dogs. However, new studies are still required, given the lack of these species, especially cats
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Haddadus binotatus é uma espécie endêmica de Mata Atlântica e ocorre desde o sul de Pernambuco até o Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar da sua ampla distribuição pouco se conhece da história natural dessa espécie. Haddadus binotatus apresenta desenvolvimento direto e ovos são depositados sob a serapilheira ou sob troncos caídos. Há dimorfismo sexual, sendo as fêmeas maiores do que os machos. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer os padrões reprodutivos de populações de H. binotatus no continente e em ilhas do litoral do estado de São Paulo. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) avaliar as diferenças morfológicas entre populações de H. binotatus entre ilhas e entre ilhas-continente, 2) avaliar se há dimorfismo sexual em cada população, e 3) comparar os padrões reprodutivos entre populações insulares e continentais. Neste estudo, foram utilizados exemplares de H. binotatus, depositados na coleção de Anfíbios (CFBH), do departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Campus de Rio Claro. Os exemplares são provenientes de uma localidade no continente (São Sebastião) e três ilhas (Couves, Queimada Grande e Ilhabela). Os exemplares provenientes das ilhas, com exceção daqueles da Ilha das Couves, foram maiores do que os da Juréia. Houve dimorfismo sexual em todas as populações, sendo as fêmeas maiores. As populações insulares apresentam número de ovócitos menor do que a população do continente (Juréia). O número de ovócitos semelhante aos da população da Juréia foi registrado para uma população em Minas Gerais, reforçando o padrão de que populações insulares têm desovas menores. No entanto, não houve diferença no tamanho dos ovos. As diferenças encontradas para as populações insulares podem ser resultado de recursos mais limitados como espaço e alimento, pelo tamanho das presas e/ou ausência de predadores. Este estudo preliminar representa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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The dairy sector has undergone considerable economic losses due to low fertility rates due to adverse effects of heat stress on reproduction of cows. Genetic selection for increased production, coupled with the expanding dairy to tropical areas of the planet, and global warming has further aggravated the problem of heat stress. The effects of heat stress are multifactorial and act directly or indirectly at various levels of reproductive tissues, resulting in low fertility of cows, which in practice, results in reduced reproductive efficiency in the property, reducing the producers’ profit. Some strategies related to breeding biotechnology such as fixed-time artificial insemination, embryo transfer and use of BST, can minimize these effects and improve the reproductive efficiency of the herd