Subdoses de glyphosate no desenvolvimento de espécies arbóreas nativas

Recovery of degraded areas aims to provide the degraded environment favorable conditions for restructuring in an environment that is unable to regenerate itself and planting of tree seedlings is one of the effective ways to extend this process. However, native tree species have slow growth rate which increases the seedlings production time as well as decreases their competitiveness with weeds in areas of forests deployment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate reduced rates application on Psidium cattleyanum (yellow guava), Citharexylum myrianthum (pau-viola) and Cedrela odorata (cedro) seedlings development by analyzing its morphophysiological parameters. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions and the experimental units consisted of one plant were conducted in 2.5L plastic pots and arranged in a completely randomized design with six replications. Treatments consisted of glyphosate application at 0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 g ha(-1) using Scout (R) commercial formulation. Treatments application on these species seedlings was realized 120 days after seeds germination. Visual evaluations of plants phytotoxicity were realized at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatments application and plants survival, stomatal conductance, height, stem diameter and dry mass of shoots were evaluated 90 days after treatments application. Different doses of glyphosate did not cause plants phytotoxicity. Already, 30 and 60 g ha(-1) of glyphosate provided greater increases in height, stem diameter and dry mass of shoots for Citharexylum myrianthum and Psidium cattleyanum, respectively.

Adubação nitrogenada e potássica em goiabeiras ‘paluma’: II. efeito no estado nutricional das plantas

The proper mineral fertilization of guava orchards under intensive management, is a major factor in productivity and monitoring the nutritional status of the plants contributes to the efficiency of this agronomic practice. The aim of this study was to investigate different doses of nitrogen and potassium in the nutritional status of guava 'Paluma'. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, Sao Paulo, in a 7 year old irrigated orchard, managed with fruiting pruning during four consecutive growing seasons. The soil is a dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant(-1)) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant(-1)), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization promoted increased levels of leaf N and Mn and the decrease in the levels of P and B; effects observed from the second to the fourth production cycle. Nitrogen fertilization increased the Ca and Mg levels, respectively, in the second and third cycle. Except for the first production cycle, K and Mn foliar concentrations increased with increasing potassium fertilization, whereas the levels of Mg, in the second and the fourth cycle, decreased as a function of fertilization.

Adubação nitrogenada e potássica em goiabeiras ‘paluma’: I. efeito na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos para industrialização

The nutrition of the orchards is the major factor of productivity, being necessary to know the proper doses of fertilizers and their influence on fruit quality attributes for industrialization. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of nitrogen and potassium on the productivity of guava trees and also on the values of pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and pulp/kernel ratio of guavas. The experiment was conducted at Vista Alegre do Alto, SP in an irrigated 'Paluma'guava orchard, 7 years old, managed with pruning during three consecutive cycles of production. The soil of the area was dystrophic Ultisol. The experimental design was the randomized blocks, in factorial, with four nitrogen doses (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg of N plant(-1)) and four of potassium (0, 0.55, 1.1 and 2.2 kg of K2O plant(-1)), with three replications. Nitrogen fertilization increased productivity and the pH of the fruit, being explained by the quadratic polynomial regression models; reduced linearly the pulp/kernel ratio and do not influenced the SS and TA values. On the other hand, potassium fertilization and N x K interaction had no significant effects on productivity and the other characteristics evaluated.

Reação de araçazeiros a Meloidogyne enterolobii e enxertia da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ em portaenxertos resistentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from the brazilian savanna on periodontal pathogens

Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização morfocultural e molecular de isolados de Colletotrichum spp. provenientes de diferentes frutas tropicais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Teores de nutrientes, valores energéticos e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas comerciais de manga e de goiaba

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Irradiação e atmosfera modificada passiva na qualidade pós-colheita de goiabas 'Pedro Sato'

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation associated with modified atmosphere on postharvest quality of guavas ‘Pedro Sato’. It was used guavas from the region of Vista Alegre do Alto/São Paulo/Brazil. After harvest, the fruits were immediately transported to the Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory from the Agroindustrial Management and Technology Department, Agronomic Sciences College - UNESP - Botucatu / SP, where they were kept at 10 ° C and 90-95% RH in cold storage, for 28 days. It was used the randomized design, with factorial scheme 5 x 5, three repetitions. The first factor consisted of the following effects: control 1 (without package or irradiation), control 2 (polystyrene package/PS + package low density polyethylene/LDPE and without irradiation), treatment 1 (PS + LDPE and 0.2 kGy ), treatment 2 (PS + LDPE and 0.6 kGy) and treatment 3 (PS + LDPE and 1.0 kGy). The second factor consisted of the evaluation periods: 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The analyses were: firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, pH, respiration rate. Concluded that high doses of irradiation promoted a negative effect on physical-chemical characteristics of guava ‘Pedro Sato’, verifying that only the lowest dose associated with modified atmosphere provided fruits with higher quality and acceptability, due to higher maturation rate and soluble solids obtained. Regarding the days of analysis, there were no positive effect of the treatments during storage, where only the early days promoted better values for the variables studied.

Efeito da modificação atmosférica em goiabas var. Paluma na redução de danos mecânicos em pós-colheita

In the postharvest management, the fruits can be exposed to injuries that depreciated the quality and the shelf life. Thus, it was evaluated the modified atmosphere effects on guavas var. Paluma subjected to different mechanical damages. Once harvested, the fruits were selected, sanitized and submitted to the treatments T1 (control) - without injuries or packaging in bags of low density polyethylene (LDPE); T2 - without injuries + LDPE bags; T3 - damage by fall of 1 m + LDPE bags; T4 - damage by compression of 9 N + LDPE bags; T5 - damage by fall of 1 m + damage by compression of 9 N + LDPE bags and T6 - damage by fall of 1 m + damage by compression of 9 N without LDPE bags. The treatments were kept in cold storage at 10 ± 1 o C and 94 ± 2% de R.H. The analysis of CO2/ethylene production, enzymatic activity, total and soluble pectins, pulp firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), reducing sugars and ascorbic acid were performed every 10 days of refrigeration, and an additional day outside cold storage (22 ± 1o C and 75 ± 3% R.H.) for 30 days. Guavas packed in LDPE bags, not subject to mechanical damage, presented the best quality standards. The fruits suffered only one kind of damage, when packaged, presented satisfactory pattern compared to the fruits without package and not exposed to any mechanical damages. Applying the two kinds of damages, the LDPE packaging was not adequate to decrease the metabolic rate of these fruits, making them unfit for marketing.

Conservação de goiabas ‘Pedro Sato’ minimamente processadas e irradiadas

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation associated with modified atmosphere in cold storage of guava ‘Pedro Sato’ minimally processed, checking their physical-chemical characteristics. Were used guavas from the region of Vista Alegre do Alto/São Paulo/Brazil. After harvest, fruits were immediately transported to the Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory from the Agroindustrial Management and Technology Department, Agronomic Sciences College - UNESP - Botucatu / SP, where they were kept at 10 ° C and 90-95% RH in cold storage, for 12 days. In the laboratory, fruits were selected by size and lack of defects in order to standardize the lot and then were cut into slices 0.5 cm thick. We used the completely randomized design, with factorial design 5 x 5, with three replications. The first factor consisted of the following effects: control 1 (without package or irradiation), control 2 (polystyrene package/PS + package low density polyethylene/LDPE and without irradiation), treatment 1 (PS + LDPE and 0.2 kGy ), treatment 2 (PS + LDPE and 0.6 kGy) and treatment 3 (PS + LDPE and 1.0 kGy). The second factor consisted of the evaluation periods: 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The analyses were: firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, pH, breathing behavior. In the end of this work it was concluded that the lower dose of radiation associated with modified atmosphere promoted positive effect on physical-chemical characteristics of guava ‘Pedro Sato’, providing fruits with higher quality and durability, due to higher maintenance of pulp firmness, the highest pH and soluble solids obtained. Regarding the storage days, there were no beneficial effect of the treatments during storage, mainly due to the sensitivity of fruits submitted to gamma irradiation, where only the early days provided better values for the variables.

Inter-relação de Meloidogyne enterolobii e Pratylenchus brachyurus em variedades de goiabeiras

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Utilização de métodos não invasivos para avaliação da segurança de fitocosmético contendo extrato de goiaba para aplicação tópica

É bem conhecido que uma das consequências causada pela radiação ultravioleta gerada pela luz solar é o fotoenvelhecimento e o desenvolvimento de cânceres cutâneos por meio da ação dos radicais livres gerados sobre a pele. A utilização de uma formulação de uso tópico pela população que auxilie na prevenção do envelhecimento precoce e de doenças causadas pelos radicais livres à pele humana seria de grande valia, trazendo benefícios estéticos, que influenciariam diretamente a saúde psicológica do usuário e preveniriam a fotocarcinogênese. Este fato se torna ainda mais importante em um país tropical como o Brasil, onde a incidência de radiação UV é bastante elevada, assim como o desenvolvimento de cânceres de pele na população. Devido às evidências encontradas em estudos prévios que indicam o potencial antioxidante da goiaba, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver estudos para avaliação da segurança in vitro e in vivo de fitocosmético antioxidante através da avaliação do potencial mutagênico em cepas de Salmonella typhimurium, além de avaliar seu potencial irritativo e alergênico na pele de voluntários saudáveis. Para isto foi utilizado o método de Ames, amplamente utilizado para esta finalidade, em que o extrato de Psidium guajava L. foi considerado não mutagênico para todas as cepas avaliadas e foi possível constatar que o extrato promoveu efeito antimutagênico moderado apenas na cepa TA 100. No ensaio para avaliação do potencial irritativo e alergênico realizado in vivo, foi comprovada a ausência de potencial irritante e alergênico de fitocosmético. Desta forma, os estudos realizados indicam a segurança em utilizar o extrato de Psidium guajava L. como antioxidante de uso tópico.