FG syndrome in a Brazilian child with additional previously unreported signs.

We report on a Brazilian child with typical manifestations of the FG syndrome. Pigmentary dysplasia, metacarpal fusion and peculiar anatomopathological findings are additional undescribed signs.

Determinação da relação central. Estudo sobre as posições laterais da mandíbula, em relação à linha mediana facial, em função de dois métodos para esta determinação.

The authors studied the lateral positional desviations of the mandible, in relation to the facial median line in 30 (thirty) full edentulous patients, with the purpose to verify the influence of the unstrained guided (chinpoint guidance) and deglutition methods for the determination of centric relation. According the results obtained they conclude that the unstrained guided method produced a mandibular lateral desviation with a mean value of the 0.752 mm and in the deglutition method the mean value observed was 1.109 mm. The statistical analysis of the results revealed for the unstrained guided method a proportion of the points to the right and left of the median line not statistically significant, while for the deglutition method the difference was statistically significant at a level of 5%.

Incidência e tratamento dos cistos.

The records of 78 patients (1978-1987 period) submitted to surgical treatment of cysts, were analysed to verify the cyst location, etiology, types of cysts, and surgical techniques. There were made commentaries and orientations on the necessity of radiography, cytological and histopathological examination and post-operative radiological control.

Estudio radiográfico do desenvolvimento da dentição permanente de crianças brasileiras com idade cronológica variando entre 84 e 131 meses.

With the help of orthopantomograms we analyse the tooth development beside body weight and height from Brazilian healthy boys and girls. So, their dental age were compared to their chronological age. The results of this investigation, according to the methodology employed, indicated that: 1. girls showed accelerated formation of permanent teeth and mean values of dental age higher than boys; 2. the mean values of dental age in girls were higher than their chronological age in all groups; 3. the teeth development stages were appropriate in assessment of the degree of physiological maturity of a growing child.

Paracoccidioidomicose: estudo radiológico e pulmonar de 58 casos

Spirometric and haemogasimetric tests were performed in 52 patients with unifocal and multifocal progressive Paracoccidioidomycosis pulmonary diseases, in 5 patients with juvenile and 1 female internal genital forms. The age ranged from 20 to 74 years old and the duration of disease from 3 to 25 years. Dyspnea, cough, tegumentary and lymphatic manifestations were the most predominant signs observed. Fourteen of them was developed Cor pulmonale. Impaired renal function was recorded in 19 patients, cardiac symptoms were described in 7 and hyporeactor adrenal activity was showed in 13 patients. Radiological studies demonstrated mild in 16, moderate in 24 and severe pulmonary lesions types in 18 patients. The pulmonary function revealed: normal spyrographic findings in 17, pure obstructive type in 32 and mixed form in 9 of them. Hyperventilation was described in 54 individuals and all of them showed an increasing of the alveolo-arterial difference. PaO2 less than 80 mm/Hg observed in 36 of them. Statistical analysis demonstrated significative association between clinical evolution and radiological interpretation. Similar data were obtained in radiology evaluations, clinical evolutive studies and pulmonary functions described in these patients. The granulomatous reaction due to Paracoccidioidomycosis, in heavy smokers patients, gave origin to the alterations in small airways predisposing the interalveolar dissemination an impaired alveolo-arterial diffusion.

Two thermal methods to measure the energy fluence of a brief exposure of diagnostic x rays

This paper describes two simple thermal methods for measuring the energy fluence in J/cm 2 from a diagnostic x-ray exposure. Both detectors absorb essentially 100% of the radiation and give a signal that is directly proportional to the energy fluence of the x-ray beam. One detector measures the thermal effect when a pulse of x rays is totally absorbed in the pyroelectric detector of lead-zirconium-titanate (PZT). The other detector measures the expansion of a gas surrounding a lead disk detector in a photoacoustic chamber. The increased pressure of the gas is transmitted through a 1-mm duct to a sensitive microphone. Both detectors have previously been used to measure the energy fluence rate of continuous x-ray beams in the same energy region using a chopped beam and a lock-in amplifier. Measurement of the energy fluence of a pulse of radiation eliminates the need for the beam chopper and lock-in amplifier and results in a simple, rugged, and inexpensive dosimeter. Either method can be combined with the area of the beam to give an estimate of the imparted energy to the patient from a diagnostic x-ray exposure.

Arteriovenous fistula between the right internal mammary artery and the subclavian vein: percutaneous closure with detachable ballooncatheter embolization

A case of iatrogenic fistula from the right internal mammary artery to the subclavian vein following subclavian vein catheterization is reported. The patient had undergone percutaneous Intracath catheterization of the subclavian vein to treat hypovolemic shock during the surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. She had remained symptom-free for 7 years and then started to complain of effort dyspnea. The patient was found to have a thrill and a bruit at the subclavian region, and arteriography demonstrated a fistula between the right internal mammary artery and the subclavian vein. The fistula was successfully closed by embolization with a percutaneous detachable balloon catheter. © 1993.

The oral blue nevus in children: a case report.

The intraoral blue nevus is a benign, relatively rare lesion that usually occurs in adults and most often in women. The reported case is interesting because the patient was only 11 years old. The lesion, located in the hard palate, was surgically removed. The specimen was sent for histologic examination, resulting in the final diagnosis of common blue nevus.

Radiographic and microbiologic evaluation of posttreatment apical and periapical repair of root canals of dogs' teeth with experimentally induced chronic lesion

The objective of the present study was to evaluate radiographically and bacteriologically apical and periapical repair in dogs' teeth with induced chronic periapical lesions with the use of two different operative techniques (techniques 1 and 2). The study was conducted on 40 root canals of upper and lower premolars from two dogs aged approximately 12 months. Periapical lesions were induced by leaving the root canals exposed to the oral environment for 5 days and then sealing them with zinc oxide-eugenol for 45 days. After this period, radiographic examination revealed the occurrence of a radiolucent lesion and endodontic treatment was started. The two techniques did not differ in terms of chemomechanical preparation, final filling, or type of cement, but differed in terms of irrigating solution and the presence of an antibacterial dressing. Thus 4% to 6% hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide (10 volumes) were used in technique 1 during chemomechanical preparation and an antibacterial dressing based on calcium hydroxide was applied between sessions, whereas Dakin's fluid (0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution) and a final filling with no antibacterial dressing were used in technique 2. After chemomechanical preparation, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha cones and Sealapex (Sealapex-Sybron, Kerr, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and the animals were killed 270 days after the final filling. Blocks were cut into 6-μm sections and stained by the Brown and Brenn method. Radiographic, histomicrobiologic and statistical analysis permitted us to conclude the following: radiographically there was a marked reduction or even the disappearance of the radiolucent area present before treatment with greater success in the group treated with technique 1 (group I) than in the group treated with technique 2 (group II); the extent of bacterial invasion of dentinal tubules was greater and more intense in group II than in group I; and the amount of microorganisms detected in the ramifications of the apical delta and in the lumen of the root canal was intense in group II and mild or absent in group I. © 1994.

Peripheral ameloblastoma.

A case of peripheral ameloblastoma in a 57-years-old woman is presented, along with a discussion of the clinical and histological characteristics of the lesion. After clinical and radiographic examinations, and with a differential diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma, an excisional biopsy was performed and the material collected was sent for histological examination. On the basis of the histopathological diagnosis, a second operation was performed with a wide safety margin, including bone tissue, which did not show any involvement with the odontogenic neoplasm.

Foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree

A 20-year experience with the treatment of 74 patients (83.8% children) for foreign body aspiration is reviewed. The object of this review is to show the clinical manifestations, the radiological findings, the nature and distribution in the bronchial tree, and complications due to longstanding (months or years) foreign bodies in the bronchial tree. The most common foreign bodies found were peanuts (13.5%), corn (13.5%), and beans (13.5%). The most frequent clinical manifestation was choking (67.5%), and the most frequent radiological finding was atelectasis (41.8%). The most serious complication was bronchiectasis needing resection in six patients who had the foreign body retained for years in the bronchial tree. In conclusion, in spite of an obvious foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree many cases are not diagnosed, and a longstanding foreign body in the airway may be responsible for irreversible complications.

Reducao fechada e fixacao percutanea em fraturas supracondilianas do umero em criancas. Estudo retrospectivo de 32 casos

This retrospective study evaluated 32 cases of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, according to percutaneous crossed Kirschner-wire fixation. Follow-up was performed by radiographs of Baumann's angle and clinical evaluation of joint movement and carrying angle. According to Flynn's criteria, results were satisfactory in all cases, indicating that this method is a safe and efficient method in the treatment of such fractures.

Bone scintigraphy in testicular tumors

Purpose: Testicular tumors do not occur frequently. Primary treatment is surgical, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy can play important roles in cases of metastatic disease. Bone scintigraphy is used largely for early detection of skeletal metastases from several tumors, and conventional radiographic studies are less sensitive than the nuclear technique for such a purpose. The aim of this study was to identify the role of bone scintigraphy in cases of testicular tumors, regardless of the grade. Materials and Methods: The authors examined 28 patients (8 to 52 years old) with proved testicular tumors using Tc-99m MDP (750 MBq; 20 mCi) injected intravenously. Whole-body images were obtained 2 hours later, at 500,000 counts per image. Radiographic studies were obtained to investigate abnormal areas noted on scintigraphy. Results: The results of bone scintigraphy were abnormal in seven cases, consisting of variable but diffuse uptake in the iliac bone on the same side as the affected testicle. MDP uptake was substantial in five of these patients (four seminomas, one nonseminoma; only two radiographic studies were abnormal), and the two other patients had moderate uptake of the radiopharmaceutical (two seminomas; radiographic studies were normal). Metastases were confirmed by biopsy in three cases. Discussion: Early metastases from seminomas can occur through the lymphatic drainage toward the iliac lymph node chain. This could explain these findings. The scintigraphic aspects of the affected iliac bones seem characteristic. Conclusions: Early detection of metastases is very important to ensure the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Bone scintigraphy may play an important role in such cases and seems to be more sensitive than conventional radiography. Testicular tumor metastases should be considered when iliac involvement is observed. Paget's disease should be included in a differential diagnosis.

Peritoneal effusion in a dog secondary to visceral mast cell tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND: Mast cell tumor, one of the most common skin tumors in dogs, may also be found in visceral sites (mainly spleen and liver). When a visceral mast cell tumor is present, neoplastic mast cells may be found in any effusion secondary to the tumor. Therefore, the diagnosis may be made by cytologic analysis of the effusion. CASE: An 8-year-old, spayed, female Siberian husky presented with a peritoneal effusion secondary to a visceral mast cell tumor. Seven months earlier, the dog had presented with a cutaneous nodule diagnosed as a well-differentiated mast cell tumor. The peritoneal fluid was classified as a transudate. Numerous neoplastic mast cells were found in the effusion. Although the mast cell tumor presented with characteristics of the well-differentiated tumor, its biologic behavior was that of a malignant tumor. CONCLUSION: Care should be taken to evaluate the prognosis of mast cell tumors in dogs since their biologic behavior is extremely variable.

Radiographic evaluation of periradicular repair after endodontic treatment of dog's teeth with induced periradicular periodontitis

Eighty-four root canals of premolars from six dogs were left open for 7 days, and then sealed and followed for 45 days until periradicular periodontitis developed. The root canals were then treated endodontically using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as the irrigating solution. After instrumentation, all root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based antibacterial dressing (Calen PMCC or Calasept) that was left in place for 30 days. After this period the root canals were filled with gutta-percha cones and a root canal sealer (Sealapex or AH Plus)-group I: Calen PMCC + Sealapex; group II: Calasept + Sealapex; group III: Calen PMCC + AH Plus; and group IV: Calasept + AH Plus. Periapical radiographs of the teeth were made after root canal filling and after 90, 180, 270, and 360 days. Radiographic images were digitalized by scanning, and the Mocha program was used to measure the periapical lesions. Analysis showed that the lesions of groups I to III were statistically similar reduction in size, whereas group IV had a smaller reduction in lesion size (p < 0.05). Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Endodontists.