185 resultados para GORDURA VEGETAL


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The objective was to evaluate fatty acids composition of the back fat in loin meat (Longissimus muscle) from Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were finished at feedlot and received sugar cane diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (genetic group x concentrate level), and the results were submitted to the variance analysis and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, when the interaction was significant. The loin backfat of Nellore bulls had higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acids than Canchim bulls (0.86 and 0.59%, respectively). On the other hand, the loin back fat of Canchim bulls had higher concentrations of estearic (17.07%) and linoleic acids (2.40%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids than Nellore bulls, that showed values of 13.47 and 1.44%, respectively. The Nellore and Canchim loin back fat presents significant amounts of beneficial fatty acids to human health. Levels of 40 and 60% of concentrate in the diet did not alter the fatty acids composition of loin backfat.

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The use of biomass as an energy source has been increasing in Brazil, with emphasis on the use of wood biomass, such as bark, wood chips and sawdust, that after receiving the appropriate treatment can be used in burners for power generation. However, from this burning are emitted fine particles known as particulate matter and a wide range of toxic organic and inorganic components in the form of gases that contribute greatly to air pollution and global warming, affecting human health, the environment and climate. The objective of this project was the quantification of gaseous and particulate, using and evaluating the equipment DR4000 ( Dataram 4 ) sampling of particulates smaller than 2.5μm and EUROTRON ( Ecoline 4000 ) when sampling gaseous pollutants, emitted from the burning of biomass in real time in the firing burner to a chimney attached biomass . We note that there are no specific rules that establish emission limits for particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5μm that are most harmful to human health and the highest concentrations reached about 800000μg/m3, for smaller diameters. It is noticeable the need for sampling of pollutants especially in industries that use biomass to fuel that could be implanted emission control equipment

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a estrutura fitossociológica do estrato herbáceo, de diferentes manchas que definem o mosaico da vegetação de um trecho do Ribeirão Claro e seu afluente Jardim Bandeirantes, analisando a diversidade das comunidades no tempo e no espaço, a dominância e a distribuição das espécies, estabelecendo relações com variáveis ambientais edáficas (umidade, pH e teor de matéria orgânica) e microclimáticas (luminosidade, cobertura de dossel e declividade), a fim de estudar a estrutura, composição e os processos sucessionais desta fitocenose. Foram definidas 13 manchas de vegetação como foco de estudo, em cada uma foram dispostas 6 parcelas de 5x5m perfazendo uma extensão de 30 m perpendicularmente ao rio. No interior das parcelas foram levantadas todas as formas de vida vegetais abaixo de 1,5m de altura, aplicando-se um método de avaliação de cobertura (método do toque), onde a amostragem foi realizada em intervalos de 0,5m. Os indivíduos foram amostrados com indicação do seu hábito e classificação taxonômica. As quantificações foram realizadas tanto no período chuvoso quanto no período seco, com a finalidade de entender a dinâmica sazonal dessa comunidade. A comunidade estudada apresentou variação em sua composição e estrutura no que se refere às estações seca e chuvosa. Os parâmetros ambientais analisados mostraram uma heterogeneidade física nas fisionomias descritas, o que pode estar contribuindo para a diferenciação na distribuição das espécies amostradas em cada fisionomia. Com base no inventário realizado, envolvendo a vegetação marginal do trecho estudado do Ribeirão Claro e seu tributário Jardim Bandeirantes, em duas estações distintas, os dados mostraram maiores variações da cobertura herbácea nas fitocenoses em estágios sucessionais mais avançados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Charcoal is obtained from carbonization, much used in the steel industry for ore reduction, using as raw material the Eucalyptus. The present study aims to verify whether the main Eucalyptus saligna genetically modified produce quality charcoal with only 3.5 years old. The study was done with material collected from three trees, divided into five discs removed at 0, 25 , 50 , 75 and 100 % of the commercial height of the tree. The procedures adopted were based on standards published by ABNT. The results were satisfactory for the parameters: basic wood density with an average of 0.39 ± 0.0082 g / cm ³; volatile materials from coal with an average of 19.35 ± 3.27 %, fixed carbon content of the coal with an average of 75.62 ± 3.40 % and gross calorific value of coal with an average of 4694.43 cal / g, and unsatisfactory results for ash content averaging 5.03 ± 0.23 when compared to the values found in the literature. It was concluded that the studied wood is able to produce charcoal, but the factors of production should be better observed, such as heating time which exerted direct influence on the determination of ash content

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A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública mundial e está fortemente associada à doença cardíaca isquêmica, aterosclerose, hipertensão arterial, entre outros problemas cardiovasculares. Na atualidade, o tratamento sugerido para as doenças cardiovasculares, comumente decorrentes da obesidade, consiste na diminuição da ingestão de gordura aliada à atividade física. Contudo, pouco se sabe quanto aos protocolos de treinamento mais adequados para a prevenção ou tratamento dessas doenças. O presente estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos do exercício físico na intensidade de 80% do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) sobre os aspectos bioquímicos cardíacos de ratos obesos. Para a indução da obesidade, os animais, a partir dos 90 dias de idade, foram mantidos com dieta hiperlipídica/hipercalórica (35% de gordura animal/vegetal) e os animais controles, mantidos com dieta balanceada (AIN-93M). Todos os animais pertencentes ao grupo treinado foram submetidos a testes de lactato mínimo para a identificação do limiar anaeróbio (LAn) durante exercício de natação, treinando desde os 28 dias de idade até aos 90 dias em intensidade equivalente a 80% do LAn 1 h/dia, 5 dias/semana. Depois dos 90 dias uma parte dos animais treinados interrompeu o treinamento ficando em observação até o final do experimento (150 dias de idade). Os demais animais permaneceram sedentários ao longo de todo o experimento. Foram analisados: peso corporal, tolerância à glicose e à insulina (TTGo e TTI), perfil lipídico sérico (colesterol total, triglicerídeos, AGL e HDL), concentrações séricas de glicose e insulina e alíquotas do ventrículo esquerdo foram retiradas para análise das concentrações de triglicerídeos, glicogênio, proteína/DNA e atividade lipogênica. Os animais tratados com dieta hiperlipídica tiveram aumento significativo no peso corporal, intolerância à glicose e resistência à insulina e o treinamento físico neutralizou tais...

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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The Prato cheese is the second most consumed cheese in Brazil. It is produced by milk enzymatic coagulation, and maturated for at least 25 days; it is classified as fatty cheese and of medium moisture. Due to the concern to health, the cheeses consumers have been seeking for products with low fat contents; however fat is essential for providing desirable sensory and physiologic characteristics, such as flavor, softness and texture to cheeses. Alterations on the technological processing of low fat cheeses have been made seeking for improved products, and the use of proteolytic enzymes has been a significant strategy. The meltability, color and sensory characteristics are fundamental quality indicators of the final products. This study reports the findings from the analyses on the physical and sensory characteristics of low fat Prato cheese with addition of proteolytic enzyme – fastuosain, that is extracted from unripe gravata fruit. The addition of fastuosain improved the quality of the product, as this additive neither affected the meltability, nor produced bitterness, which is a common unpleasant taste in low fat cheeses.

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Cheeses are known to be sources of calcium, phosphorus and protein, important nutrients for a suitable nutrition. However, certain cheeses imply the ingestion of large amounts of fats, which can cause the development of coronary heart and carcinogenic diseases. Although consumers are aware of the necessity of reducing the fats intake, they are still not pleased with the quality of light cheeses available on the market, because the partial or total fat removal provides some undesirable changes, especially regarding to the product texture and flavor. In order to offer products nutritionally adequate and palatable, alternatives have been developed to improve the characteristics of light cheeses. Such alternatives include the use of fat substitutes, those additives that improve the functional and sensory characteristics of cheeses with reduced fat. Fat substitutes composed of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, or a combination of them, help the retention of moisture and eliminate the undesirable characteristics of fat reduced-cheeses. In this context, this review aims at reporting the innovations and trends on the use of fat substitutes to produce light cheeses.

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The consumption of fat related to the incidence of diseases has motivated the development of food with less or even no fat. However, fat is important for the full functioning of the human body and sensory characteristics of food. Therefore, making food with little or no fat and at the same time maintaining the desired quality is a challenge for the industry. Fat substitutes were created to achieve this objective. Fat substitutes can be more effective in their applications when mixtures of different types of them are used. The number and variety of these ingredients are still growing, expanding options of choice when a fat substitute is required in a certain type of food. Considering the importance of fat substitutes nowadays, this paper presents an overview of functions and implications of fats in the human body and food, the terminology used to refer to fat substitutes, the categories of different types of fat substitutes available in the market and their applications in dairy products.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ