Caracterização biométrica e química da folha de Mentha pulegium x spicata (Lamiaceae)

The hybrid Mentha pulegium x spicata, also well-known as poejo de praia, it is a perennial, low plant, with fields, violet stem and opposite leaves, with lance format and sawed board, presenting characteristic smell. The objective of the present work was accomplish a study of the leaf anatomy, including a biometric study of tissue and quantitative analysis of secretory trichomes/mm2 and of stomata/mm2 in both faces of the epidermis, besides a chemical analysis of the essential oil. Histological permanent laminas were made for anatomical analysis of the leaf surface and also sheets of the impression to foliate for the count of the trichomes number and stomatas. The chemical studies were made through the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation and analyzed in GC-MS. The capitate and peltates trichomes are present on both sides of the leaf, even so they prevail in the abaxial surface. The variance analysis show that there are significant differences for the number of capitate trichomes and tectores between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, but they are not significant for the peltate trichoma. The analyzed of essential oil shows the presence of a majority component, trans piperitone epoxide, being it responsible for more than 80% of the relative composition in the essential oil.

Bioatividade de plantas medicinais no controle de Sclerotinia isolado de Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni

The microorganism Sclerotinia was isolated from roots of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni in plantations in the northwest of Parana and submitted to the cultivation in the presence of extracts and vegetable balsams of Tarragon (Artemisia draconculus), Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), Manjerona (Origanum majorona), Mint citrata (Mintpiperita var. citrata), Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), Andiroba (Carapa guanensis) and Copaíba (Copaifera reticulata Ducke). The first five oils were extracted by steam drags, after the drying of the vegetable in greenhouse with circulation of air at 45°C. The last two were used in natura. A suspension (100ìl) of fungus previously cultivated, was added to each plate. The results show that after 7 days of incubation the thyme oils 10ìl, purple basil 25ìl, manjerona 25ìl, mint citrata 50ìl, tarragon 50ìl were capable to inhibit the growth of Sclerotinia, while the andiroba oil only reached this result with 200ìl. The copaiba balsam, even in the concentration of 500ìl, was unable to inhibit the growth of the microorganism.

Efeitos do tipo de rizoma de multiplicação e da cobertura morta no desenvolvimento e produtividade de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different types of rhizomes utilized as seed and the effects of mulch in the culture of Turmeric. This work was conducted in the experimental cultivation area of the Universidade de Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, in Ribeirao Preto, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil from September/1997 to July/1998. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement 2x3, design with 4 replications (32 plants each). The treatments consisted of the use of types of rhizomes utilized to proliferation (head and finger) and types of mulch (absent, grass and leaves/branches). This study investigated proliferation (61, 88 and 124 days after installation), length, shooting and number of leaves of the mother plant besides the number of leaves of the shoot (112, 146 and 233 days after installation), number of finger rhizomes and head rhizomes, fresh and dry biomass of rhizomes and the yield of essential oil (after harvest - July 1998). Obtained results showed a great influence of the type of rhizome used to proliferation. Head rhizomes produced, in weight, about 30% more, when compared to plants from finger rhizomes. Mulching almost duplicated rhizome productivity from 2338 kg.ha -1 of dry rhizomes to 4499 kg.ha -1, when rhizome used to proliferation was finger and from 3046 kg.ha -1 to 5943 kg.ha -1, when using head rhizomes. The yield of essential oil did not show any alteration, independently of the treatments realized.

Composição do óleo essencial de rubim (Leonurus sibiricus L. - Lamiaceae)

The essential oils are found in a great number of Lamiaceae family species, but few researches were carried out on this subject. This work had as a goal to identify the Leonurus sibiricus L. (rubim) essential oil composition. Rubim leaves and flowers in infusion are able to avoid vomit, diarrhea, and are also indicated in cold, cough, bronchitis and rheumatisms cases. In order to know what are the phytochemical compositions involved, it was used the gas chromatography techniques with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as methodology. The results showed 70% volatility compound by trans-cariophylene, alpha-humulene and germacrene-D. Other substances like gamacadinene, beta-bourborene and alpha-copaene were found like compounds of this essential oil species.

Reguladores vegetais na produção de biomassa e teor de óleos essenciais em Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, em diferentes épocas do ano

The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators in biomass production and essential oil yield content in lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf), in different seasons. The experiment was conducted on São Manuel Experimental Farm, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP - Botucatu. Which plants were randomly assigned into blocks to treatments with three repetitions. The treatments consisted of GA3 (50 and 100 mg L-1); Ethrel (100 and 200 mg L-1); CCC (500 and 1000 mg L-1); Alar 85 (1000 and 2000 mg L-1); Accel (20 and 40 mg 0L-1) and control. Four applications of plant growth regulators were realized every three months. After 40 days of each foliar spray, the plants were cut to determine the fresh weight and essential oil yield. The application of plant growth regulators did not increase the biomass production, showing difference among collect periods when the major production was detected at the fourth collect (summer). The greatest essential oil yield was found at the second collect (winter). In the present study, the used concentrations of plant growth regulators did not increase biomass neither essential oil yield.

Rendimento de óleo essencial de Salvia officinalis L. sob ação de reguladores vegetais

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different plant growth regulators on essential oil yield in Salvia officinalis L. plants. The experiment was held in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments and three replications. The Treatments consisted in the application of gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon), and Stimulate at 2%, compared with control plants (water). Applications of plant growth regulators were performed in three consecutive periods, in turn, 15, 25 and 35 days after transplanting of seeding germinating in the light at 25°C. The dry mass yield of the aerial part and the oil essential content were determined 131 days after the transplant. The aerial part of the plants was dried in an oven at 35°C; after dry mass determination, the oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and its volume was determined. Plants treated with GA 3 and Stimulate showed increase in essential oil content, while plants treated with BAP and ethephon showed decrease in essential oil volume when compared with the control plants.

Desenvolvimento do manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivado em solução nutritiva com diferentes níveis de magnésio

The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of several levels of magnesium on development and essential oil content of basil, plants were cultivated using Hoagland and Arnon (1950) number one 1 complete solution, containing 48.6 mg L -1 and with decreasing levels of magnesium (24.3 mg L -1 and 12.1 mg L -1). The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 3x3, which is, three levels of magnesium and three harvest times, with three replications each. The parameters evaluated were the stem length, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, roots dry mass, absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilatory rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), leaf mass ratio (LMR), dry mass distribution on several organs, stem and leaf/root ratio and essential oil yield, all those measured in three harvest time 30, 60 and 90 days after transplantation (DAT). Plants cultivated with the lower levels of magnesium showed no symptoms of deficiency, but showed differences in the parameters studied. Essential oil yield was higher at 30 DAT for plants cultivated with 12.1 mg L -1 the magnesium. Our results suggests that Hoagland and Arnon (1950) no 1 complete solution overestimates the level of magnesium, as has been observed in several other plant species.

Candida species: Current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options

The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly, so contributing to morbidity and mortality. This is caused by an increase in antimicrobial resistance and the restricted number of antifungal drugs, which retain many side effects. Candida species are major human fungal pathogens that cause both mucosal and deep tissue infections. Recent evidence suggests that the majority of infections produced by this pathogen are associated with biofilm growth. Biofilms are biological communities with a high degree of organization, in which micro-organisms form structured, coordinated and functional communities. These biological communities are embedded in a self-created extracellular matrix. Biofilm production is also associated with a high level of antimicrobial resistance of the associated organisms. The ability of Candida species to form drugresistant biofilms is an important factor in their contribution to human disease. The study of plants as an alternative to other forms of drug discovery has attracted great attention because, according to the World Health Organization, these would be the best sources for obtaining a wide variety of drugs and could benefit a large population. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles, antibodies and photodynamic inactivation have also been used with good results. This article presents a brief review of the literature regarding the epidemiology of Candida species, as well as their pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms, the antifungal activity of natural products and other therapeutic options. © 2013 SGM.

Avaliação in vitro de diferentes métodos de análises de fungitoxicidade de óleos essenciais

Environmental problems caused by synthetic fungicides have increased the search for alternative methods of control of plant diseases. The objective was to evaluate the effect of essential oil of citronella grass, on the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, in different methods of in vitro fungitoxicity. We used a randomized design in a factorial design with four replications, where the factors were composed of four methods for assessing the in vitro fungitoxicity of the essential oil of citronella grass (essential oil diluted in Tween 80 (0.5%) and embedded in the culture medium PDA (potato dextrose agar) still melting, essential oil diluted in Tween 80 (0.5%) and distributed on the surface of the PDA; oil essential diluted in Tween 80 (0.5%) and distributed on filter paper attached to the inner surface of the lid of the Petri dish, pure essential oil and distributed on the surface of the culture medium, and control) and five evaluation periods (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of incubation). Was used 0.25μL mL-1 of citronella oil in all treatments. Of the treatments evaluated the use of pure oil distributed on the surface of the culture medium was more effective in reducing the mycelial diameter in all evaluations. In this method the rate of mycelial growth was 9,02 mm day-1, reaching in last evaluation 79,77 mm.

Interação patógeno-hospedeiro no patossistema capim limão-ferrugem das folhas e avaliação de ingredientes ativos naturais no controle da doença

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A importância de fatores fenológicos e químicos na escolha de frutos por filostomídeos frugívoros

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Propriedade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais de plantas condimentares com potencial de uso como conservante em carne e hambúrguer bovino e testes de aceitação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo comparativo da ação antimicrobiana de extratos e óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e sinergismo com drogas antimicrobiannas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atividade antimicrobiana de Mentha piperita L. sobre leveduras do gênero Candida

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cálcio e ethephon no desenvolvimento e produção de óleo essencial de menta (Mentha Piperita L.), cultivada em solução nutritiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)