196 resultados para Diâmetros cranianos
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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A novel AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) system with thirteen sensors it was implemented and characterized in vitro using magnetic phantoms. The system presenting coils in a coaxial arrangement with one pair of excitation coil outside and thirteen pairs of detection coils inside. A first-order gradiometric configuration was utilized for optimal detection of magnetic signals. Several physical parameters such as baseline, number of turns, excitation field and diameters were studied for improvement of the signal/noise ratio. This system exhibits an enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution, due to the higher density of sensors/area. In the future those characteristics will turn possible to obtain images of magnetic marker or tracer in the gastrointestinal tract focusing on physiological and pharmaceutical studies. ACB emerged due to its interesting nature, noninvasiveness and low cost to investigate gastrointestinal parameters and this system can contribute for more accurate interpretation of biomedical signals and images
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Almost forty years computed tomography (CT) has been one of the most powerful tools in diagnostic imaging. However, this modality delivers relatively high doses to their patients. It is known that the inappropriate use and unnecessary radiation may be associated with a significant risk of cancer, especially in pediatric patients. Moreover, the quality assurance in CT, provided and required by Portaria 453/98 and the guide of the RE 1016/05, ensures that the images generated by computer tomography provide reliable diagnostic information with doses as low as reasonably achievable. This research aimed to make the quality control (QC) of CT equipment; establish a better relationship between dose and noise on the image to protocols of skull CT according to the study of optimization proposed in 2005 by Daros; and assess the dose distribution in different cranial organs for protocols of adult and pediatric use in the routine of the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of HCFMB-UNESP. The equipment used for testing QC, optimization and dosimetry was a third generation tomograph GE Sytec 3000i
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The non existence of sewage services creates an unhealthy environmental, causing impact extremely prejudicial to the human health. In Brazil, this item represents the biggest deficit in the basic sanitation these days, and only about 50% of the population is attended. The sewage collection network is a needful system for the basic sanitation. Between the parameters of the project of a system of collection and sewage transportation, the definition of the population that will be attended is one of the most important variables, and that should be done based on criterion of population growth and in accordant to directrix presents in the comprehensive city plan. In this paper, were evaluated methods of growth based on the geometric growth rate, on the population density and on the number of residents per dwelling, and also mathematics models of growth prediction, emphasizing in the geometric growth and on the logistic curve method. That way, the goal of this paper were value the hydraulic performance in one of the watersheds delimited by the sewage network magnification work existent in the city of Cacoal–RO. Using simulation with different scenarios, the results pointed that the hydraulic performance of the system were strongly affected by the population determination method used. For the same drained area the diameters range from 150 to 250 mm as well as the trench’s deep, where some stretches exceeded the maximum values contained in the standard. Besides, the variation of the sewage contribution rate due the population variation estimated in different scenarios, led to alterations in others important project parameters, such as slope, shallow pool, tensile stress and spreading velocity
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Os estudos sobre ontogenia e heterocronia geram dados importantes para análises filogenéticas, taxonômicas, ecológicas e evolutivas das espécies. Neste trabalho foi realizada a descrição da ontogenia condrocraniana de Rhinella schneideri, que pertence à grande e cosmopolita família Bufonidae (GAUDIN, 1978). Foram utilizados girinos já coletados e tombados na Coleção CFBH (Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP) em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, classificados pela tabela Gosner (1960). Esses indivíduos foram diafanizados seguindo a técnica de Taylor & Van Dyke (1985) modificada, analisados sob o uso de estereomicroscópios e quando necessário foram desarticulados, fotografados e desenhados. A descrição do condrocrânio do girino de R. schneideri foi feita em estágio 29 de desenvolvimento e foram realizadas comparações morfológicas deste semaforonte escolhido com os demais membros do gênero e da família, além de comparações mais generalizadas dentro de Anura. Foi descrita em detalhes a ontogenia das cartilagens e ossos cranianos indicando o estágio de aparecimento do osso, localização e formato dos centros de ossificação, além da direção de crescimento destes centros. Além disto, foram analisadas heterocronias da espécie R. schneideri através de comparações de desenvolvimento ontogenético entre indivíduos de outras espécies do gênero e família. Com estas descrições e análises além de se ampliar o conhecimento sobre a espécie R. schneideri, os dados e hipóteses gerados a partir deste estudo influenciarão determinantemente no status taxonômico e filogenético da espécie
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Whereas the assembly torque calculation has great importance on efficiency and life of bolts, the objective of this study was to analyze the combined stresses during assembly, the friction coefficient, compare the rupture torque results with the indicated torques by standards and to present a new torque method without the stress combination (shear stress and normal stresses). For this study were carried eighteen tests with different diameters and materials, this bolts were undergoing five ranges torque until the breaking torque. With the experimental rupture torque values for each test and with the bolt quality certificate was possible to calculate the friction coefficient so compared with the theory. Another comparison was the experimental rupture torque with assembly torque indicated by NBR-8800 and ASME-PCC. The main conclusion are related to combined stress, because for this factor can fail at the assembly time, so for in some cases must use the tensioning method, because in this method won't be present torsional stresses
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O nitrato de fenticonazol é um derivado imidazólico de amplo espectro de ação contra patógenos dermatófitos, como Malassezia furfur e leveduras, a principal delas Candida albicans. É necessário que se possa garantir a qualidade dos medicamentos produzidos. O controle de qualidade é uma ferramenta que assegura a qualidade, eficácia e segurança desses produtos até o momento de sua utilização e faz-se necessário que métodos analíticos sejam desenvolvidos e validados para o doseamento desses fármacos. A grande importância dos métodos microbiológicos utilizados no controle de qualidade de fármacos com atividade antimicrobiana é demonstrar sua atividade biológica por meio de seu efeito inibitório no crescimento de micro-organismo. A diminuição da atividade antimicrobiana ou potência pode indicar alguma alteração sutil na molécula, que é pouco detectável em um método analítico físico-químico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar o método microbiológico difusão em ágar para o produto nitrato de fenticonazol creme vaginal. O método de difusão em ágar foi desenvolvido utilizando meio de cultura ágar Sabouraud e cepa de Candida albicans ATCC 64548 como micro-organismo teste. Para o ensaio foi utilizado o delineamento 3 x 3, conforme preconiza a Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010). A validação do método proposto demonstrou linearidade entre os diâmetros dos halos de inibição e o logaritmo da concentração na faixa de 50,0 a 200,0 μg/mL. O método obteve resultados precisos e lineares com r2=1. A exatidão foi comprovada pelo intervalo de tolerância de 98,83%, dentro dos limites permitidos. O método foi validado de maneira satisfatória, podendo ser utilizado em análises do Controle de Qualidade deste fármaco.
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The use of biomass as an energy source has been increasing in Brazil, with emphasis on the use of wood biomass, such as bark, wood chips and sawdust, that after receiving the appropriate treatment can be used in burners for power generation. However, from this burning are emitted fine particles known as particulate matter and a wide range of toxic organic and inorganic components in the form of gases that contribute greatly to air pollution and global warming, affecting human health, the environment and climate. The objective of this project was the quantification of gaseous and particulate, using and evaluating the equipment DR4000 ( Dataram 4 ) sampling of particulates smaller than 2.5μm and EUROTRON ( Ecoline 4000 ) when sampling gaseous pollutants, emitted from the burning of biomass in real time in the firing burner to a chimney attached biomass . We note that there are no specific rules that establish emission limits for particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5μm that are most harmful to human health and the highest concentrations reached about 800000μg/m3, for smaller diameters. It is noticeable the need for sampling of pollutants especially in industries that use biomass to fuel that could be implanted emission control equipment
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It is clear today the ever-accelerating search for new fuels that will eventually replace those that will survive in our society, which are fossil fuels. For this reason, a fuel used since the dawn of humanity and much studied since then, considered the generator of clean, renewable energy, can earn more and more space in the power generation sector, which is biomass. We performed two experiments with two different types of biomass, one from the Amazon rainforest and other pine and eucalyptus as waste from the sawmill UNESP Itapeva. In the first experiment, conducted at the Laboratory of Combustion and Propulsion INPE Cachoeira Paulista were conducted three tests in a chimney with a fan creating forced ventilation, where the biomass was burned and deposited on a support beneath the hood. In the second experiment was conducted to analyze the emission of particulate matter using biomass (waste) from the sawmill on the campus of UNESP experimental Itapeva the burning of it in a burner for heating water for a wood oven. In these experiments we used a particle called DATARAM4 sampler that is capable of sampling both outdoors and inside of pipelines, which is the focus of this work. With this equipment it was possible to measure the concentration of particulate matter in all the firings as above, and compare them to levels acceptable in the current law, always trying to analyze the so-called fine particles, which are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm. Using data obtained from the equipment was also possible to evaluate the diametral distribution of particulate matter in question, and verify which phases of the flares in the concentration and the diameters of the particles are the most critical. In this work we concluded that in all firings conducted concentrations of particulate matter were higher than that allowed by the law, and the diameters were found that are more harmful to human health
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O uso indiscriminado dos medicamentos sintéticos e a própria evolução dos micro-organismos selecionou espécies extremamente resistentes aos agentes químicos utilizados. Para contornar tal situação e ampliar o arsenal de compostos ativos contra micro-organismos, o estudo de plantas tornou-se uma necessidade crescente. A utilização de fitoterápicos na prevenção e/ou cura de doenças são necessários estudos prévios relativos a aspectos botânicos, farmacognósticos, fitoquímicos, farmacológicos e toxicológicos. Neste trabalho, foram estudados extratos obtidos com as folhas de Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel e de cascas pulverizadas de Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec., quanto às propriedades antimicrobianas frente a diferentes linhagens de fungos: Aspergillus niger, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma reesei e Trichophyton rubrum. Foram avaliadas as atividades antifúngicas dos materiais vegetais determinando sua Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM). Com base nesses dados foi realizada a avaliação da atividade antifúngica observando o crescimento radial dos fungos em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura incorporado com os materiais vegetais nas concentrações de CIM e 1%, sendo após realizada a mensuração dos diâmetros formados. Trichophyton rubrum foi o micro-organismo que apresentou maior sensibilidade frente ao extrato e as frações de P. cauliflora, com valores de CIM baixos, enquanto que a cepa industrial de Aspergillus niger mostrou-se totalmente resistente a todos os extratos testados. A determinação da atividade antifúngica em placas contendo meio sólido, mostrou uma confirmação dos resultados pois o extrato etanólico, a fração butanólica e a fração aquosa de P. cauliflora, tanto na concentração 1% quanto na obtida pelo CIM, inibiram o crescimento T. rubrum