Substâncias húmicas: sistema de fracionamento sequencial por ultrafiltração com base no tamanho molecular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Substâncias húmicas aquáticas: fracionamento molecular e caracterização de rearranjos internos após complexação com íons metálicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O uso da prótese na correção das hérnias da parede abdominal é um avanço, mas o seu uso indiscriminado, um abuso

The objective is to alert the surgeon about the indiscriminate use of synthetic prosthesis in the correction of inguinal and incisional hernias. The authors provide a brief history of surgery on hernias and a review of the literature, showing the importance of classifying inguinal hernias to fit the type of surgical correction with the defect found, abstaining from treating all hernias, with the same type of surgical procedure. In our opinion, small indirect inguinal hernias (type 1 and 2 of Gilbert) and hernias in women must not, in general, be treated with prostheses. The synthetic material should be reserved for direct and large indirect hernias. Even so, this attitude, besides determining a higher cost for the procedure, can lead to important complications such as infection, rejection, fistula formation, chronic pain, alterations in spermatogenesis and the possibility of carcinogenesis, according to more recent reports. The physiology and anatomy of the abdominal wall should be considered when dealing with incisional hernia corrections, where the surgeon can choose among many techniques to correct those defects, and in selected cases, utilize synthetic material. We conclude that although the use of biomaterials has constituted a great advance in surgery for abdominal wall hernia corrections because they decrease recurrences, and permit treatment of large abdominal hernias, the indiscriminate prosthesis usage is an abuse, and it can determine many serious complications, certainly avoidable with a well indicated non mesh technique .

Dimensão fractal na quantificação do grau de rejeição celular miocárdica pós-transplante cardíaco

INTRODUÇÃO: O termo fractal é derivado do latim fractus, que significa irregular ou quebrado, considerando a estrutura observada como tendo uma dimensão não-inteira. Há muitos estudos que empregaram a Dimensão Fractal (DF) como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico. Um dos métodos mais comuns para o seu estudo é a Box-plot counting (Método de contagem de caixas). OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi tentar estabelecer a contribuição da DF na quantificação da rejeição celular miocárdica após o transplante cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Imagens microscópicas digitalizadas foram capturadas na resolução 800x600 (aumento de 100x). A DF foi calculada com auxílio do software ImageJ, com adaptações. A classificação dos graus de rejeição foi de acordo com a Sociedade Internacional de Transplante Cardíaco e Pulmonar (ISHLT 2004). O relatório final do grau de rejeição foi confirmado e redefinido após exaustiva revisão das lâminas por um patologista experiente externo. No total, 658 lâminas foram avaliadas, com a seguinte distribuição entre os graus de rejeição (R): 335 (0R), 214 (1R), 70 (2R), 39 (3R). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com os testes Kruskal-Wallis e curvas ROC sendo considerados significantes valores de P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatística significativa entre os diferentes graus de rejeição com exceção da 3R versus 2R. A mesma tendência foi observada na aplicação da curva ROC. CONCLUSÃO: ADF pode contribuir para a avaliação da rejeição celular do miocárdio. Os valores mais elevados estiveram diretamente associados com graus progressivamente maiores de rejeição. Isso pode ajudar na tomada de decisão em casos duvidosos e naqueles que possam necessitar de intensificação da medicação imunossupressora.

Estudo comparativo entre a sutura contínua e a com pontos separados na parede abdominal de ratos

O objetivo deste experimento foi comparar a sutura contínua e a sutura com pontos separados no fechamento da parede abdominal. Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos Wistar, submetidos a laparotomia com técnica de diérese padronizada, 24 submetidos a sutura da parede abdominal por técnica contínua e 24 com pontos separados, com fio polidioxanona. No 7º e 14º dia de pós-operatório foram submetidos a eutanásia 12 animais de cada grupo e deles retirados a camada músculo-fascial abdominal envolvendo a cicatriz operatória e dividida aleatoriamente em dois segmentos (cranial e caudal), um para ser submetido a avaliação da força de rotura mediante o uso de tensiômetro e outro para exame histológico, onde foi realizada a avaliação quantitativa de colágeno na linha de sutura. Os resultados encontrados foram analisados estatisticamente. Concluiu-se que no 7º dia de pós-operatório a parede abdominal suturada com pontos separados é mais resistente, porém sem diferenças significantes na quantidade de colágeno, do que a suturada por técnica contínua, e no 14º dia, ambas se equivalem nos dois parâmetros estudados, em ratos.

Imunoglobulinas e C3 no granuloma paracoccidióidico

Utilizou-se o modelo experimental de paracoccidioidomicose, em camundongos, induzida pela inoculação endovenosa de suspensão de formas cerebriformes do P. brasiliensis (cepa Bt2; 1x10(6) formas viáveis/animal), para avaliar, após 2, 4, 8, 16 e 20 semanas: 1. A presença de imunoglobulinas e C3 nos granulomas pulmonares, por imunofluorescência direta; 2. A resposta imune humoral (imunodifusão) e celular (teste do coxim plantar), e 3. A histopatologia das lesões. Os camundongos apresentaram resposta imunocelular positiva desde a 2a. semana, com depressão transitória na 16a. semana, e anticorpos desde a 4a. semana, com pico na 16a. semana. Os granulomas pulmonares foram epitelióides, com numerosos fungos e microabscesses; a extensão das lesões foi progressiva até a 16a. semana, com regressão discreta na 20a. semana. Desde a 2a. semana, houve deposição de IgG e C3 na parede dos fungos no interior dos granulomas e a presença de células IgG positivas no halo linfomononuclear periférico; estes achados foram máximos entre a 4a. e 16a. semanas. Não se detectou depósito de IgG e C3 no interstício dos granulomas. IgG e C3 parecem exercer papel precoce e importante na defesa do hospedeiro contra o P. brasiliensis, contribuindo possivelmente para a destruição dos fungos e bloqueando a difusão de antígenos para fora dos granulomas.

Fracionamento de carboidratos e compostos nitrogenados de genótipos de capim-elefante aos 56 dias de rebrota

Objetivou-se neste estudo determinar as frações de carboidratos e de compostos nitrogenados de genótipos de capim-elefante, em um único corte aos 56 dias de idade, na primavera. Avaliaram-se 12 genótipos de capim-elefante em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, no qual a parcela experimental foi composta de quatro linhas com 3 m de comprimento, espaçadas 1 m e adubadas com 100 kg de P2O5, 100 kg de N, 60 kg de K2O e 25 kg de micronutrientes/ha. As frações de carboidratos A + B1, B2 e C diferiram entre os genótipos. Os genótipos CNPGL 92-94-01, CNPGL 92-70-02, CNPGL 91-06-02, CNPGL 91-25-01, CNPGL 93-32-02 e Cameroon apresentaram os menores valores da fração C de carboidratos. Entre as frações nitrogenadas, apenas as frações B3 e C apresentaram diferenças. Os menores valores da fração C nitrogenada foram observados nos genótipos CNPGL 92-70-02, Napier, CNPGL 94-07-02 e CNPGL 91-25-01.

Proteina total, fracionamento eletroforético e fibrinogênio do sangue de caprinos confinados e em pastoeiro semi-extensivo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Características estruturais da parede das artérias renal e femoral de coelho (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

In the renal and femoral arteries of rabbit was verified that both vessels had walls structured by myostromal components, despite of their different distributive of blood, being the renal artery a visceral blood vessel and the femoral artery a parietal vessel. This wall pattern in these vessels concerned to presence of connective stromal elements (collagen and elastic fibres and lamellae) and smooth muscle cells coexisting with some equilibrium in the wall structure of the renal and femoral arteries, mainly in the medial layer architecture. An intimal folding pattern was verified around the vascular lumen, possibly related to capacitance of the both arteries regarding to variability of pressure levels in cardiac cycle. Furthermore, myostromal relations of connective elements and smooth muscle cells verified in the medial layer and the network formed by connective elements in the adventitial layer of these arteries contributed to maintenance of wall viscoelasticity properties of the vessels.

eIF5A: Uma proteína essencial para a viabilidade celular cuja função permanece obscura

The putative translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a highly abundant and conserved protein in all eukaryotes and archaebacteria. This factor is essential for cell viability and is the only cellular protein known to contain the unusual amino acid residue hypusine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF5A is expressed in aerobic conditions by the gene TIF51A. Although eIF5A has been known for almost 30 years, the biological role of this protein is still obscure. This article reviews the research on the function of eIF5A, discussing the evidence for its involvement in various steps of mRNA metabolism, including translation initiation, nucleocytoplasmic transport and mRNA decay. Moreover, it indicates other studies that have associated eIF5A with cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Finally, this review presents recent results obtained in our laboratory that reemphasize the role of eIF5A in the translation scenario. Further experiments will be necessary to define the role played by eIF5A in the translational machinery.

Proliferação celular nos linfomas caninos

Lymphoma studies deals with morphological classification and immunophenotypic features and they have to be amplified for cellular kinetics evaluation. This evaluation can only be safely made, when the proliferative index are evaluated. In men the proliferation index have, most of the time, important influence in the neoplasia prognosis and treatment In this work it was used 40 canine lymphomas that were classified according to Kiel methods and immunophenotype was achieved with CD3 (T lymphocyte) and CD79a (B lymphocyte). Cellular proliferation was evaluated by AgNORs and Ki-67 (MIB-1) According to Kiel classification system, high grade lymphomas were more frequent and T and B lymphoma showed the same frequency.When cellular proliferation was evaluated, there was a significant difference between high grade and low grade lymphomas by AgNOR and Ki-67 (MIB-1) methods, but did not differ when comparing immunophenotype. Among high grade malignancy lymphomas the NORs medium number per cell nucleoli was 1.37± 0.32 and in low grade was 0.98± 0.36, concerning Ki-67 the positive cellular percentual was 43.19% ± 19.01, e 14.09% ± 11.74 in high and low grade, respectively.

O uso do pneumoperitônio progressivo no pré-operatório das hérnias volumosas da parede abdominal

Context - Correction of voluminous hernias and large abdominal wall defects is a big challenge in surgical practice due to technical difficulties and the high incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular complications. Objectives - To present the authors experience with inducing progressive pneumoperitoneum preoperative to surgical treatment of voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall. Methods - Retrospective study of six patients who presented voluminous hernias of the abdominal wall and were operated after installation of a pneumoperitoneum. The procedure was performed by placing a catheter in the abdominal cavity at the level of the left hypochondrium with ambient air insufflation for 10 to 15 days. Results - Four of the six patients were female and two male. Ages ranged from 42 to 62 years. Hernia duration varied from 5 to 40 years. Four patients had incisional, one umbilical, and one inguinal hernias. Mean pneumoperitoneum time was 11.6 days. There were no complications related to pneumoperitoneum installation and maintenance. All hernias were corrected without technical difficulties. The Lichtenstein technique was used to correct the inguinal hernia, peritoneal aponeurotic transposition for one of the incisional hernias, with the rest corrected using polypropylene mesh. One death and one wall infection were observed post operatively. No recurrences were reported until now, in 4 to 36 months of follow-up. Conclusion - Preoperative progressive pneumoperitoneum is a safe and easy executed procedure, which simplifies surgery and reduces post-operative respiratory and cardiovascular complications. It is indicated for patients with hernias that have lost the right of domain in the abdominal cavity.

Lipoperoxidação, perda de viabilidade celular e diminuição da liberação de IL-8 de neutrófilos humanos na presença de corpos cetônicos

Type-1 diabetes patients suffer from frequent episodes of acidosis caused by an increased fatty acid metabolism and consequently increased plasma level of acetoacetate (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HOB). This article describes a study of the effects of pathological concentrations of AcAc and β-HOB on lipoperoxidation, cell viability and the release of the CXCL8 (IL-8) cytokine by activated neutrophils. Neutrophils from healthy donors were isolated by density gradient (Histopaque® 1077/1119) and incubated with the ketone bodies. Lipoperoxidation was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The cell viability was evaluated by the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. The release of CXCL8 was measured by ELISA in a 24-h culture of opsonized zymosan-stimulated neutrophils. AcAc, but not β-HOB, provoked a dose-dependent increase in the neutrophil membrane lipoperoxidation (p<0.05; r =0.9915). In the cytotoxicity assay, a dose-dependent release of LDH was observed when the neutrophils were incubated with AcAc in concentrations up to 40 mM (p<0.05). β-HOB was devoid of effect. The release of CXCL8 was inhibited by AcAc and β-HOB in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these results suggest that the accumulation of ketone bodies in diabetic patients could be involved in their usually increased susceptibility to infection.