Temperatura ambiente e concentrações séricas de cortisol em suínos em crescimento-terminação

Thirty-six castrated males and females Landrace x Large-White pigs (74 to 149 days of age) were randomly allotted to two environmental conditions: high temperature in a climatic chamber (HT; 22.2 to 32.8 °C) and comfort temperature in a conventional shed (CT; 17.6 to 26.6 °C), with night-and-day variations. Blood samples were weekly collected from animals of both HT and CT conditions for determination of serum cortisol levels. Cortisol levels of both sexes were not different, and there was no interaction with environmental temperature. Pigs of HT showed significantly higher average cortisol level (P<0.01) than the CT ones (7.06 and 4.82 mg/dL, respectively). Increasing in serum cortisol was continuous and linear (P<0.05) during the experimental period, suggesting the cortisol as a possible indicator of the heat stress in growing-finishing pigs.

Influence of environmental temperature, dietary energy level and sex on performance and carcass characteristics of pigs

Pigs are quite sensitive to high environmental temperatures and the thermoregulation mechanisms represent great expenses in energy for heating loss, reducing animal well-being and production performance, and altering carcass quality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of sex and dietary energy level in growing-finishing pigs submitted to characteristic seasonal variation of temperature in subtropical humid climate, and to propose a mathematical model to predict growth performance and carcass characteristics. Twenty-eight crossbred growing-finishing pigs were randomly allotted to twelve treatments, in a 2x2x3 factorial trial (2 sex; 2 environmental conditions, and 3 energy levels). Heat stress condition (climatic chamber) showed temperatures of 31 oC at 7:00 and 22 oC at 17:00 (maximum of 33 °C) and thermal comfort condition (stall) showed temperatures of 18 °C at 7:00 and 24 °C (maximum of 27 °C). Pigs were fed ad libitum with diets containing 12.2 (low), 13.6 (medium) and 15.0 (high) MJ ME/ kg DM. Voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight were higher (P<0.01) at thermal comfort condition and were influenced by sex (P<0.01) in growing pigs. Feed to gain ratio decreased as the energy level increased (P<0.01), with values of 2.67, 2.59, and 2.32 (12.2, 13.6, and 15.0 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively). There was energy level and sex interaction only for daily weight gain. Regarding finishing pigs, environmental conditions also showed effects (P<0.01) on voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight. Performance of pigs was better at thermal comfort condition. Feed to gain ratio values were 3.55, 3.42, and 2.95 for low, medium, and high energy level, respectively. Interactions between energy level and sex were observed for voluntary feed intake, daily weight gain, and final body weight (P<0.05). Carcass yield and quality were affected by environmental condition and dietary energy level. Both hot and cold carcass weight increased as energy of ration increased. Cold carcass weight increased by 1.142 kg/MJ EM whereas backfat thickness was up to 252 mm/MJ EM. Longissimus thoracis muscle thickness was around 16 mm smaller in pigs under heat stress, but lean content was 2.68% higher in those animals. Regression equations were proposed to predict the performance values in the different situations studied.

Crescimento e desordem nutricional em pimenteira malagueta cultivada em soluções nutritivas suprimidas de macronutrientes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Níveis de fertirrigação na avaliação das características morfofisiológicas em mudas de pimenta malagueta

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as características morfofisiológicas de mudas de pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) sob diferentes níveis de fertirrigação, utilizando-se fertilizante líquido 10-10-10 (N-P-K). O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), com seis doses de fertilizante líquido (0; 2,5; 5,0; 10,0; 20,0 e 40 mL L-1) diluídos na água de irrigação e quatro repetições. As mudas foram produzidas em viveiro telado, em bandejas de 128 células preenchidas com substrato. Realizou-se uma fertirrigação, aos 15 dias após a semeadura ( DAS). Avaliou-se, aos 30 dias após a semeadura, o número de folhas, o comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz, a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz, a área foliar e o teor de clorofila. A dose de 25 mL L-1 do fertilizante líquido 10-10-10, aplicada via fertirrigação, é recomendada para a produção de mudas de pimenta malagueta, embora tenha havido aumento da massa seca de raízes e parte aérea em dose maior.

Alterations in levels of NPK, electrical conductivity and pH of substrate, in cultivation of peppers

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical alterations of the substrate in the cultivation of pepper in coconut husk fiber, in a protected environment. Initially, 160 pepper plants ('Eppo') were divided into four blocks, where two pots per block were analyzed every 21 days after transplanting. The cultivation of pepper was carried out in plastic pots of 13 L, containing coconut husk fiber, and placed in double rows with a spacing of 0.5×0.8 m between single rows and 1.10 m between double rows. After removal of the plants from the pots, individual samples of substrate (approximately 1 L) were collected from each pot and dried at ambient temperature. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and levels of NH4 +-N, NO3 -, P and K were determined for all periods of the cultivation. These analyses were performed using the method of extraction 1:1.5 v/v. For the conditions which the experiment was conducted, there was an increase in substrate EC, as well as in the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Chemical alterations of substrate in the cultivation of peppers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical alterations of the substrate in the cultivation of peppers grown in coconut husk fiber, in a protected environment. Initially, 160 pepper plants ('Eppo') were divided into four blocks, where two pots per block were analyzed every 21 days after transplanting. The cultivation of pepper was carried out in plastic pots of 13 L, containing coconut husk fiber, and placed in double rows with a spacing of 0.5×0.8 m between single rows and 1.10 m between double rows. After removal of the plants from the pots, individual samples of substrate (approximately 1 L) were collected from each pot and dried at ambient temperature. The levels of Ca, Mg, S, Cl, Na, B, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined for all periods of the cultivation. These analyses were performed using the method of extraction 1:1.5 v/v. There was an increase in the levels of all the nutrients evaluated. Further studies should be conducted to develop a better nutrient solution.

Necessidade Hídrica E Coeficiente de Cultivo do Pimentão Fertirrigado

This study aimed to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of fertigated sweet pepper, measured over time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the transplant). The experiment was conducted on a battery of 40 drainage lysimeters, arranged in a 8 x 5 matrix, in the period October/2009 to January/2010, located in the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) Campus in Recife, in a completely randomized factorial scheme 5 x 2, with four replications, being five irrigation depths (80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of ETc) and two levels of potassium (80 and 120 kg K2O ha-1) where the experimental plot was composed of three plants in each lysimeter. The Mauchly Sphericity Test indicated multivariate variance analysis for the studied variables ETc (mm d-1) and Kc, the variables presented adjustment under quadratic effect of variation on observation times, when the irrigation depths were fixed, and descending linear adjustments under the variation of irrigation depths effect, when the times of observation were fixed in each potassium dose.

Influência de adjuvantes de calda no depósito e deriva em aplicações aéreas e terrestres

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Diversidade genética com base em dados fenotípicos avaliada em diferentes populações e linhagens avançadas de soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

Atividade de enzimas antioxidativas e absorção de silício em plantas de pimentão submetidas a estresse salino

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fungicidas de efeitos fisiológicos no desenvolvimento de plantas de pimentão enxertadas e não enxertadas sob cultivo protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Análise de crescimento e marcha de acúmulo de nutrientes na cultura do pimentão, cultivado em substrato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Assistência de ar em pulverização no manejo fitossanitário na cultura da soja Glycine max (L.) Merrill

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sensibilidade de Lecanicillium lecanii, agente de biocontrole de Hemileia vastatrix, à radiação ultravioleta-B

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identificação e purificação de isolados de Cucumber mosaic virus e triagem de genótipos de pimentão para resistência

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA