190 resultados para Turbinas a vento


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The air-assisted ground spray is fairly widespread. However, due to the unpredictable weather conditions, the operational efficiency is impaired by stops on grounds of low humidity and high temperatures. The aim of this work was to assess an air humidification method and evaluate its impact on temperature and air humidity for the air curtain of the air-assisted sprayer. With respect to relative air humidity, it has increased in 6.59%, being the maximum change when inserting 1.92 L min-1. So, it is concluded that the pipeline humidification might significantly reduce temperature and enhance air humidity. The treatments performed in this study consisted of a varied flow of a humidity device, related to weather conditions. Temperature and relative air humidity were measured at 1.0 m height from right to left of middle point of the machine, corresponding to the end of the spray boom, in the middle and end of right spray boom. The readings were also performed at three different distances from the end of the pipeline and at 0.25 and 0.50 m from that to the soil. The results show that 0.48 L min-1 in the humidification system has promoted a better efficiency in reducing air-temperature, on average 2.52 ºC when compared to the non-humidified one.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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Nos últimos anos, têm se notado a grande preocupação com relação às condições climáticas do planeta e suas implicações. As discussões sobre as mudanças climáticas têm se tornado cada vez mais relevantes à medida que as adversidades climáticas têm implicações diretas na sociedade. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e avaliar episódios atmosféricos severos ocorridos no Estado de São Paulo no ano de 2005, elaborando posteriormente o estudo de caso do tornado ocorrido na cidade de Indaiatuba (SP). No levantamento sobre o evento atmosférico levou-se em conta a condição atmosférica que o originaram, além dos impactos ambientais e sócio-econômicos do fenômeno na sua região de abrangência. Para isso foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos mais completos possíveis sobre o assunto, utilizando revistas credenciadas em âmbito nacional ou internacional. Logo após esta etapa foram coletados os dados de estações meteorológicas e dados atmosféricos como vento, temperatura, pressão disponibilizados pelo (NCEP) National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Estes dados atmosféricos disponibilizados pelo (NCEP) foram avaliados e analisados para a caracterização do episódio atmosférico e o cruzamento de informações por meio dos (SIGs) Sistema de Informação Geográfica, referentes à dinâmica atmosférica e topografia. A interpretação de todos os dados gerados relacionados e suas implicações no contexto ambiental e sócio-econômico está organizada em forma de uma síntese na redação final.

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The search for materials with higher properties and characteristics (wear resistance, oxidation, corrosion, etc.) has driven research of various materials. Among the materials that are being studied with such properties and characteristics are super alloys based on nickel which has an important role in the aeronautical, automotive, marine, production of gas turbines and now in space vehicles, rocket engineering , experimental aircraft, nuclear reactors, steam-powered plants, petrochemical and many other applications because besides having all the characteristics and properties mentioned above also have an excellent performance at high temperatures. The super alloy based on nickel studied in this work is the super alloy Pyromet 31v normally used in the manufacture of exhaust valves in common engines and diesel engines of high power by cater requirements such as mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures of approximately 815 ° C. The objective of this work is to produce results to demonstrate more specific information about the real influence of coatings on cutting tools and cutting fluids in turning and thus promote the optimization of the machining of these alloys. The super alloy Pyromet 31v was processed through turning, being performed with various machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth in conditions of Minimum Amount of Fluid (MAF), abundant fluid, cutting tools with coating and without coating in early in his work life and with wear. After turning were obtained several samples of chips and the part generated during the machining process, was measured roughness of the material, subsequently made macrostructural analysis of the tools used order to detect possible wear and microstructural analysis of samples collected being that the latter was used for Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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O processo de urbanização é bastante expressivo na modificação do clima na escala local, pois as formas materiais assumidas pela cidade, bem como as atividades que nela se desenvolvem, provocam anomalias nos elementos do clima como a temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, direção e velocidade do vento. Destes, a temperatura tem se destacado nos estudos sobre o clima urbano, pois as características da área urbana promovem seu aumento tanto no ar quanto nos alvos da superfície. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou detectar as anomalias térmicas intraurbanas e suas magnitudes, relacionando-as com os tipos de uso e ocupação da superfície do solo no município de Presidente Prudente-SP. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises das diferenças térmicas e higrométricas entre o urbano e o rural em dias representativos do inverno e do verão, e a verificação da temperatura da superfície através do sensoriamento remoto no infravermelho termal. Os resultados apresentaram que os tipos de tempo, assim como as características da superfície foram responsáveis pelas maiores ou menores diferenças entre a área urbana e a rural, o que demonstra a importância de se adequar o planejamento urbano às características do ambiente local

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In engineering, for correct designing the structural components required for cyclical stresses, it is necessary to determine a limit of resistance to fatigue, which is the maximum amplitude of the applied tension under which the fatigue failure does not occurs after a certain number cycles. The marine environment is hostile, not only by the high pressure, corrosion, but also by low temperatures. Petrol Production units, composed of the risers (pipelines connecting the oil well to the ship), are dimensioned to remain installed for periods of 20 up to 30 years, and must therefore be prepared to support various efforts, such as tidal, wind currents and everything that is related. This paper focuses on a study on the fatigue behavior of microalloyed steel, API 5L Grade X70, used to transport oil and gas by pipelines. For analysis, we obtained the curves S-N (stress vs. number of cycles) using laboratory data collected from cylindrical longitudinal and transverse specimens used in axial fatigue test in accordance with ASTM E466. The tensile tests and microhardness were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the samples, and it was found that the values meet the specifications of the standard API 5L. To characterize microstructurally the material, it was also made a metallographic analysis of the steel under study, and the origin of the fatigue crack was investigated with the support of a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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The climate is one of the main elements of the natural environment that governs the life of man. Specific conditions of temperature, humidity, light, wind and precipitation have direct influence on physiological conditions that man needs to survive and more than that, besides the influence on human and animal physiology, the climatic elements are also responsible for a significant portion of economic activities such as industry, agriculture, commerce, transportation, and others. Therefore, any change in weather patterns has great impact on daily activities, and even more in urban sites, where the most of population is concentrated nowadays. Based on this discussion and concerned in understand the atmospheric structure, this monograph intends to analyze the pattern of atmospheric and temperature element in seven cities of small and medium size located in the state of São Paulo countryside... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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One of the biggest environmental problems of today is the climate change. Experts affirm that this global warming is related to the greenhouse effect. Its causes are directly related to human activity, especially the use of fossil fuels. In this context, companies around the world are challenged to improve energy efficiency in order to reduce the environmental impact and work toward the so-called tripod of sustainable development that focuses on the social, economic and environmental aspects of a business strategy. The first step a company can make in this regard is to conduct an inventory of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The reduction of GHG emissions in a refinery can be achieved by replacing steam turbines with electric motors to drive big machines, this reduction is achieved by relieving the steam consumption for electric power available or purchased. An important aspect associated with the reduction of GHG emissions is the best performance of the Energy Intensity Index (ERI). The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the blower motorization in the regenerative cycle of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit at a specific refinery. For development work, two methods were used, the initial screening and optimization scenarios with the help of software Butyl. The results indicate that after a certain cost of natural gas this substitution becomes favorable. In addition, there is a large reduction of CO2 emissions avoided by burning fuel

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Most of the hydraulic turbines that are running in the world are the Francis type, because they are able to fit a wide range of head and flow. We also can declare that most of the installed hydraulic energy up to this date is generated by this type of turbine. On the other hand, if we pay attention to mechanical details of a Francis turbine we will see that among the three most used types it is the one that presents the more complex design. And, the simplest one is the Pelton type, whereas the Kaplan is the one less utilized. This work aims to develop the hydrodynamic calculation of a Francis turbine as well as to obtain its assembly drawing and 3D modeling drawing. In this way all details must be shown therefore needing a complete knowledge about this issue. Both 2D and 3D drawings help much if one wants the machine to be running in its power house. It is well noted that most of the entities that design and manufacture the Francis turbines are not brazilian. In this way the more we study how to design this kind of machine the more is our contribution to our country in order to conquer technology and manufacture Francis turbines

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This paper is about a case study of using solar energy and wind energy in a farm. For this purpose were collected from the property, such as water consumption and amount of residents. So, we estimate how many conventional panels or PET bottle panels and boiler needed to supply the farm with warm water. It also calculates the amount of photovoltaic panels and the main accessories for converting solar energy into electrical energy. For the pumping of water using photovoltaic panels is dismissed and dimensioned to be a watermill

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This paper presents alternatives for waste energy recovery from the sewage of cities. Through a review of the literature it is observed that the technologies studied are usually turbines, microturbines, and engines adapted to the use of biogas. For project design analyzes the technologies found in some sewage treatment plants in Brazil and the world, compared with those found in the literature. With this study it can be concluded that the most used technologies are microturbines and motor generator sets, which are already implemented in some locations in the USA, Europe and even Brazil. It can also be concluded that the energy recovery of waste from sewage can enable design of wastewater treatment plants thereby contributing to improved quality of life

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As explosões de violência que assolam a sociedade humana são noticiadas diariamente pela mídia, e vivenciadas pelos indivíduos. As queixas sobre a disseminação da violência estão espalhadas como areia pelo vento. As manifestações de agressão podem ocorrer por diversos motivos: disputas por território, fama, “status”, para impor dominação, agressividade como forma de alerta, para atingir um objetivo sexual, um instrumento para humilhar e coagir o outro, entre outros tantos e variados motivos. As ciências que se ocupam do estudo das relações humanas abordam o tema, mas devido à complexidade e abrangência de suas manifestações, existem muito mais lacunas do que respostas. A agressividade e violência não são exclusivas da sociedade humana, mas graças ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico, para a humanidade a associação entre estas tendências e a capacidade destrutiva do homem, geralmente, são catastróficas, ameaçando não apenas sua própria espécie, mas tudo ao seu redor. É impossível negar a ancestralidade comum entre o homem e os grandes primatas, chimpanzés, orangotangos, gorilas e bonobos. Intrigante é o fato de encontrar ocorrências de atos violentos semelhantes aos humanos entre eles. Por exemplo, orangotangos cometem estupros, chimpanzés além de surras, atacam de modo mortal indivíduos da mesma espécie, e entre gorilas o infanticídio é um ato banal. Apenas os bonobos fogem deste legado violento, apresentando-se como sociedade pacífica, liderada por fêmeas, onde conflitos são resolvidos pelo ato sexual. Os chimpanzés são extremamente próximos aos humanos, compartilhando mais de 95% da bagagem genética. A diferença entre os chimpanzés e humanos é menor do que a existente entre eles e os gorilas. A agressividade em ambos é algo que chama atenção para o possível legado genético, visto ser uma característica comportamental típica dos animais. No caso do ser humano, este tipo de...

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O objetivo deste estudo foi entender os padrões de frutificação de espécies anemocóricas em uma área de Cerrado sensu stricto, de acordo com a morfologia dos diásporos e a deciduidade das espécies, e verificar se esse padrão difere entre borda e interior do cerrado estudado. Um total de 377 indivíduos foram amostrados, distribuídos em 26 espécies, pertencentes a 10 famílias. Foi notada significativa sazonalidade para toda a comunidade, e uma sincronia entre os indivíduos principalmente no ambiente de borda. Os picos de atividade de queda foliar e frutificação ocorreram simultaneamente para as espécies decíduas e perenes, enquanto que para as espécies semidecíduas a época de maior índice de queda antecedeu um pouco o de maturação dos frutos. Entretanto esses eventos ocorreram durante a época de menores índices pluviométricos, maiores índices de queda foliar e anterior ao desenvolvimento de folhas novas, de forma que os diásporos secam e são dispersos pelo vento mais facilmente