Avaliação agronômica de sete acessos de Hemarthria altissima [poir.]stapf et C.E.Hubb.em Pindamonhangaba, SP

The experiment was carried out to evaluate seven accessions of limpograss Hermathria altissima (PI 364888, NO 158, PI 364863, IPEACO 336, UF 553, UF 347238, and IPEACO 337) as compared to coast-cross grass (Cynodon dactylon), to determine which grasses were best adapted ecologically to conditions at Pindamonhangaba. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Five annual harvests were taken during the three-year experimental period, two in the dry season and three in the rainy season. The higher annual DM yields (kgDM/ ha) were obtained with accessions UF 553 (19996), NO 158 (18745), and PI 347238 (18267). Accessions UF 553 and IPEACO 336 had the most uniform production throughout the year with 37.4 and 33.2% during the dry season, respectively. Coast-cross had the highest percentage of crude protein (10.30%), while limpograss values varied around 7%. It was concluded that accession UF553 was the most promising grass for the Pindamonhangaba region.

Response to orphaning in two Neotropical termites: Armitermes euamignathus and Embiratermes festivellus

In this paper we examine the potential of the termites Armitermes euamignathus Silvestri: 1901 and Embiratermes festivellus (Silvestri, 1901) (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) to produce neotenics experimentally. Three nests of the mound-building termite A. euamignathus, from the Brazilian cerrado, had their primary queens removed in August 1994. After 12 months, only one mound survived; it had a normal appearance. In this healthy, orphaned colony we found the primary king, six physogastric nymphoid female replacement reproductives, two ergatoid female replacement reproductives, 46 nymphs, several presoldiers, soldiers, workers, larvae and many eggs. These data show that neotenics in A. euamignathus may originate from both workers and nymphs, but nymphoids are produced in larger numbers. The biometric study of nymphs and nymphoids suggests that these brachypterous neotenics were derived from third instar nymphs after a single moult or from four instar nymphs after a reduction of wing bud length. A piece of an E. festivellus nest with some third instar nymphs, soldiers and workers was kept under laboratory conditions. After 12 months, the whole experimental subcolony was examined and appeared to contain two pigmented nymphoid females, two pigmented nymphoid males, only one larva, seven nymphs of the same instar, 148 workers, five soldiers and many eggs. These results also indicate the capacity of the termite E. festivellus to produce nymphoid neotenics. These neotenic females were laying eggs, but they were not physogastric after a year, unlike some nymphoids of the same species collected from natural colonies.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes como efeito da profundidade e suplementação do substrato

The objective of the present study was to assess the rate of mycelium development of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as an effect of depth and supplementation of the sugar cane bagasse substrate with different amounts of rice bran and sugar cane molasses. The experimental design consisted in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme (seven levels of bran or molasses x two growth phases) using autoclavable glass flasks to keep the substrates. The proportions of rice bran tested were: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40% (dry weight/bagasse dry weight), and the concentrations of sugar cane molasses were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g/kg substrate. Graph paper strips externally slicked to the flask were used to measure the mycelial development. To differentiate the growth as a function of depth, the mycelial development was divided into two phases: an initial one (upper half of the flask) and a final one (lower half). The rate of mycelium formation was always higher in the early growth than in the final phase regardless of the amount of supplement. High bran proportions reduced the rate of mycelium formation, especially during the final phase, and sugar cane molasses did not affect growth rate.

Avaliação clínica e hematológica em bezerros Nelore infectados experimentalmente com isolados de Babesia bigemina das regiões Sudeste, Nordeste e Norte do Brasil

A comparative study was made regarding the clinical and hematological alterations caused by isolates of Babesia bigemina from southeastern, northeastern and northern Brazil in experimentally infected Nelore calves. Eighteen calves between 7 and 9 months of age, without antibodies against Babesia sp and raised free from ticks, were used. Three animals were previously inoculated with 2.0×109 parasitic erythrocytes (PE) for each stabilate. The other 15 calves were subdivided into three groups, with five animals each, that were subinoculated with 1.0×1010 PE of the respective isolates. The clinical and hematological alterations were evaluated by the determination of parasitaemia, haemogram, plasmatic fibrinogen, reticulocyte count, descriptive analysis of the bone marrow and erythrocytic osmotic fragility, for 30 days, totalizing seven moments of observation. The follow-up of the immunological response by the indirect fluorescent antibody test was carried out daily until the 10th day after inoculation (DAI) and after that, on the 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th DAI. A mild clinical manifestation of the disease was observed. The laboratory findings revealed low levels of parasitaemia; decrease of the erythrogram values; absence of reticulocytes, initial decrease in the total count of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes with a posterior elevation of the number of these cells; hypercellularity of the erythrocytic series and decrease of the myeloid: erythroid relation which was more accentuated between the 8th and 12th DAI, and an increase of the erythrocytic osmotic fragility in the groups inoculated with the Southeast and Northeast isolates. None of the three isolates of B. bigemina gave rise to the clinical characteristic form of the disease, although they induced an humoral immune response.

Soroprevalência de Toxoplasma gondii em rebanhos caprinos no Estado de São Paulo

Four hundred forty-two serum samples were collected from dairy goats in seven regions of São Paulo State. These were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Sixty-four (14,5%) serologically positive animals were found from all these goat farms studied.

Análise quantitativa de fluoretos nos alginatos para uso odontológico

In this study, the aim was to measure the concentration of fluoride ions in dental alginates and the quantity released from alginate molds immersed in milliQ water, 0.1N hydrochloric acid and artificial saliva. Two separate lots of each of seven brands of alginate commercially available in Brazil were analyzed: Avagel, Deguprint, Hydrogum, Orthoprint, Jeltrate, Jeltrate Plus and Jeltrate Chromatic. Fluoride was measured in each sample by direct potentiometry, using the combined fluoride-ion selective electrode. The brands with the highest fluoride concentrations were Hydrogum (7052.87 μg/g), Jeltrate Plus (6519.68 μg/g) and Orthoprint (6218.18 μg/g). Only in Hydrogum and Jeltrate were different fluoride concentrations found in lots one and two. The various materials showed differences in the amount of fluoride released from the molds into the immersion medium, the mean concentration being highest in Hydrogum and Orthoprint, in all three media. The immersion medium also influenced the release of fluoride, which was lower in saliva than in water and highest in acid. Considering that the concentrations of fluoride found in the alginates tested were high and that various sources of exposure to fluoride exist, there is a need for constant monitoring of alginates intended for dental use.

Determinação de desmineralização óssea em gatos após tirotoxicose experimental

Hyperthyroidism can result in serious effects on the bone metabolism in humans as well as animals. For a better characterization of thyrotoxicosis effects, 16 cats were induced into thyrotoxicosis by intaking a dose of 150 μg/kg of sodium L-thyroxine every 24 hours during 42 days. The hormonal levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassay technique and the bone mineral density of the right distal radius extremity was measured through the radiographic optical densitometry. Was verified significant bone demineralization seven days of hormonal intake as weel as radius demineralization.

The materno-fetal interface in llama (Lama guanicoe glama)

Samples from 9 llamas (28 through 36 weeks of gestation) were collected and fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde (light microscopy) and in 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The material was processed in paraplast and slides (5μm) were stained with HE, PAS, Masson-Trichrome, acid phosphatase and Perl's. The uteroferrin was immunolocalized. The results show that llama placenta is chorioallantoic, diffuse, folded and epitheliochorial, and the fetus is covered with an epidermal membrane. The trophoblast cells have variable morphology: cubic, rounded and triangular cells, with cytoplasm containing PAS-positive granules. Binucleated cells with large cytoplasm and rounded nuclei, as well as giant trophoblastic cells with multiple nuclei were also observed. Numerous blood vessels were observed beneath the cells of the uterine epithelium and around the chorionic subdivided branches. Glandular activity was shown by PAS, Perl's, and acid phosphatase positive reactions in the cytoplasm and glandular lumen, and by immunolocalization of the uteroferrin in the glandular epithelium. The uterine glands open in spaces formed by the areoles, which are filled by PAS-positive material. The llama fetus was covered by the epidermal membrane, composed of stratified epithelium, with up to seven layers of mono-, bi- or trinucleated cells. The high level of maternal and fetal vascularization surfaces indicates an intense exchange of substances across both surfaces. The metabolic activity shown in the uterine glands suggests an adaptation of the gestation to the high altitudes of the natural habitat of this species.

Delimitação entre os lenhos juvenil e adulto de pinus elliottii engelm

Trees produce different types of woody tissue during growth. The xylem produced in the first years until a certain cambial age is called juvenile wood and has different physical, mechanical, chemical and anatomical characteristics from that produced later, when the cambial cells have matured. Thus, prior knowledge of the quality of the wood is of fundamental importance for choosing the best use of the material. This work aimed at using data from length of the tracheid and wood density to define the age transition from juvenile to mature wood. For this, three Pinus elliottii var. elliottii trees, aged 35 years, were collected at the Itapetininga Experimental Station, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. From each tree, disks of about 5 cm thick were obtained 0.05 m above the ground and used to determine the radial density by the gamma ray attenuation method and to measure the length of the tracheids. The results obtained by linear regression analysis showed that juvenile wood is limited to the first seven years of tree growth and the formation of mature wood occurs after twenty years. For the mature wood, there are significant differences among the averages obtained from the tracheid length and wood density.

Prevalência de anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no estado do pará

The aim was to study the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from State of Pará, Brazil. Three hundred and nineteen buffaloes were randomly selected into seven municipalities of Marajó Island. For comparative purposes, 128 buffaloes of five municipalities in the state of Pará were also evaluated. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was evaluated by Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA). The samples diagnosed as positive in iELISA were subjected to Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT). We evaluated risk factors: location, breed, pregnancy and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis. The frequency of animals positive for T. gondii in iELISA were compared by chi-square (x2) with 95% confidence. Variables with p <0.2 were subjected to logistic regression analysis; the model was built based on the odds ratios test. The prevalence of T. gondii in iELISA was 41,6% (186/447). In IFAT, 86,5% (161/186) had their positivity for T. gondii confirmed. The average prevalence in the municipalities of the Marajó Island and of the mainland was 32% (103/319) and 55% (70/128), respectively. The municipalities with the highest prevalence were Soure (53%) and Salvaterra (49%) in Marajó Island, and Castanhal (55%) and Thailândia (50%) in the Continent. The breed and co-infection with Brucella abortus or Mycobacterium bovis presented no influence on the prevalence of T. gondii. Additionally, pregnant animals were 57% more positive for T. gondii than nonpregnant animals. The presence of antibodies is an indicative of T. gondii in buffaloes in the state of Pará, and these findings represent a risk not only for farm animals, but to public health as a source of infection.

Avaliação auditiva por meio de potencial evocado auditivo em lactentes com indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva. Qual a importância no diagnóstico e prognóstico?

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Estágios de colheita e repouso pós-colheita dos frutos na qualidade de sementes de mamoneira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulação do caminhamento de herbicidas em diferentes tipos e quantidades de palhadas utilizadas no sistema de plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Reconhecimento de palavras, nomeação de figuras e de palavras impressas em surdos implantados pré-linguais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do treinamento de potência em terra seca sobre a força propulsora em nado atado e desempenho em nado livre

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT