Plasmacytoma in the oral cavity: a case report

The plasma cell neoplasms may present in soft tissue as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), in bone as a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), or as part of the multifocal disseminated disease multiple myeloma (MM). The EMP is rare, comprising around 3% of all plasma cell neoplasm. The majority (80%) occurs in the head and neck region. In this study we report a case of a man, 70 years old, melanoderm, with a lesion of the oral cavity. Upon physical examination, a lesion was found that extended throughout the posterior upper alveolar ridge, as far as the maxillary tuber on the left side, extending towards the palate. Radiographic examination, complementary laboratory exams were performed. Based on the conclusive symptoms of plasmacytoma, the patient was referred to the hematology service for treatment with local radiotherapy. The patient responded satisfactorily to the treatment, and after 15 months, all clinical symptoms of the lesion in the oral cavity had disappeared.

Healing at implant sites prepared conventionally or by means of Sonosurgery (R): an experimental study in dogs

ObjectiveTo compare peri-implant tissue healing at implants installed in sites prepared with conventional drills or a sonic device.Material and methodsIn six Beagle dogs, the mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted bilaterally. After 3 months, full-thickness muco-periosteal flaps were elevated and recipient sites were prepared in both sides of the mandible. In the right side (control), the osteotomies were prepared using conventional drills, while, at the left side (test), a sonic device (Sonosurgery((R))) was used. Two implants were installed in each side of the mandible. After 8weeks of non-submerged healing, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared for histological evaluation.ResultsThe time consumed for the osteotomies at the test was more than double compared to the conventional control sites. No statistically significant differences were found for any of the histological variables evaluated for hard and soft tissue dimensions. Although not statistically significant, slightly higher mineralized bone-to-implant contact was found at the test (65.4%) compared to the control (58.1) sites.ConclusionsSimilar healing characteristics in osseointegration and marginal hard tissue remodeling resulted at implants installed into osteotomies prepared with conventional drills or with the sonic instrument (Sonosurgery((R))).

Immediate loading of implants installed in a healed alveolar bony ridge or immediately after tooth extraction: an experimental study in dogs

ObjectiveTo compare the sequential healing at immediately loaded implants installed in a healed alveolar bony ridge or immediately after tooth extraction.Material and methodsIn the mandible of 12 dogs, the second premolars were extracted. After 3months, the mesial roots of the third premolars were endodontically treated and the distal roots extracted. Implants were placed immediately into the extraction sockets (test) and in the second premolar region (control). Crowns were applied at the second and third maxillary premolars, and healing abutments of appropriate length were applied at both implants placed in the mandible and adapted to allow occlusal contacts with the crowns in the maxilla. The time of surgery and time of sacrifices were planned in such a way to obtain biopsies representing the healing after 1 and 2weeks and 1 and 3months. Ground sections were prepared for histological analyses.ResultsAt the control sites, a resorption of the buccal bone of 1mm was found after 1week and remained stable thereafter. At the test sites, the resorption was 0.4mm at 1-week period and further loss was observed after 1month. The height of the peri-implant soft tissue was 3.8mm both at test and control sites. Higher values of mineralized bone-to-implant contact and bone density were seen at the controls compared with the test sites. The differences, however, were not statistically significant.ConclusionsDifferent patterns of sequential early healing were found at implants installed in healed alveolar bone or in alveolar sockets immediately after tooth extractions. However, three months after implant installation, no statistically significant differences were found for the hard- and soft-tissue dimensions.

In vitro and in vivo biological behavior of CDHA/OCP/β-TCP scaffold

The biological behavior of a new bioactive material composed of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, and beta-tricalcium phosphate was investigated by in vitro indirect and direct cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and proliferation tests, and by in vivo subcutaneous and bone implantation in rats. The results of the in vitro studies showed that the material is biocompatible and no cytotoxic. Slightly poorer initial cell adhesion and lower cell proliferation than in control was observed, which were attributed to the reactivity and roughness of the material surface, In vivo results showed that the material is biodegradable and bioactive in bone tissue, but only biocompatible and partially biodegradable in soft tissue.

S-100 protein: is it useful as a tumour marker in diagnostic immunocytochemistry

A heterogeneous group of 159 tumours was studied for the presence of S-100 protein by the immunoperoxidase technique in order to determine whether this marker may be of value in facilitating immunocytochemical diagnosis. Among cases of melanocytic and pigmented lesions, S-100 was widely distributed and demonstrated the strongest degrees of reactivity. S-100 protein was identified in virtually all nerve sheath tumours such as schwannomas, neurofibromas, myxoid sheath nerve tumour and also in some tumours of controversial histogenesis such as granular cell tumours. The great majority of carcinomas did not express S-100, with only two cases of breast carcinoma displaying focal S-100 staining. In a miscellaneous group of tumours S-100 was demonstrated in chordomas, myoepitheliomas and Wilms' tumour with Schwann cell differentiation. Despite its presence in a wide array of cell types, S-100 protein continues to be an extremely useful marker especially for soft tissue and peripheral nervous system tumours.

Sub-crestal positioning of implants results in higher bony crest resorption: an experimental study in dogs

To compare peri-implant soft- and hard-tissue integration at implants installed juxta- or sub-crestally. Furthermore, differences in the hard and soft peri-implant tissue dimensions at sites prepared with drills or sonic instruments were to be evaluated. Three months after tooth extraction in six dogs, recipient sites were prepared in both sides of the mandible using conventional drills or a sonic device (Sonosurgery(®) ). Two implants with a 1.7-mm high-polished neck were installed, one with the rough/smooth surface interface placed at the level of the buccal bony crest (control) and the second placed 1.3 mm deeper (test). After 8 weeks of non-submerged healing, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared for histological evaluation. The buccal distances between the abutment/fixture junction (AF) and the most coronal level of osseointegration (B) were 1.6 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.4 mm; between AF and the top of the bony crest (C), they were 1.4 ± 0.4 and 2.2 ± 0.2 mm at the test and control sites, respectively. The top of the peri-implant mucosa (PM) was located more coronally at the test (1.2 ± 0.6 mm) compared to the control sites (0.6 ± 0.5 mm). However, when the original position of the bony crest was taken into account, a higher bone loss and a more apical position of the peri-implant mucosa resulted at the test sites. The placement of implants into a sub-crestal location resulted in a higher vertical buccal bone resorption and a more apical position of the peri-implant mucosa in relation to the level of the bony crest at implant installation. Moreover, peri-implant hard-tissue dimensions were similar at sites prepared with either drills or Sonosurgery(®) .

Estudo clínico comparativo da manutenção do aprofundamento de sulco nas vestibuloplastias mandibulares, através das técnicas de tuneilização submucosa e epitelização secundária

For some time, oral surgeons have tried several surgical procedures to improve the alveolar ridge for prosthetic appliance construction. The techniques used for this purpose are divided into four groups: submucosal vestibuloplasty; secondary epithelization; soft tissue grafting and transpositional flaps. Twenty patients who had problems to wear dentures due to unsatisfactory retention and stability were selected at the Oral and MaxilloFacial Surgery and Traumatology Clinic of Dental School of São José dos Campos. They were divided in two groups and operated by submucosal vestibuloplasty using stents and secondary epithelization vestibuloplasty by Clark's technique and were evaluated twelve months after operations in relationship of the sulcus depth. The results were obtained by clinical and radiological examination before and after surgery, and they are similar to those found in the literature reaching satisfactory functional judgement

Segmental osteotomy for the correction of a malpositioned single implant: an 8-year follow-up

This case report is an 8-year follow-up of a malpositioned single implant, which was treated with segmental osteotomy, to confirm the treatment's characteristics, indications, and advantages. Deep buccal positioning of an endosseous implant placed in the maxillary left central incisor area did not permit acceptable prosthetic rehabilitation, despite its favorable bone insertion with no significant marginal bone loss. The surgical procedure included osteotomy and block movement performed toward the lingual and cervical position, fixed with a provisional prosthesis and miniplates and mini-implants. A connective tissue graft was necessary for esthetics optimization and was performed in a second stage. Advantages including the prevention of alveolar ridge damage, the improvement of gingival contour, and the use of an already integrated implant are presented. Clinically satisfactory hard and soft tissue stability permitted us to consider segmental surgery as a reliable alternative for malpositioned osseointegrated implants.

Treatment of traumatic dental intrusion by surgical repositioning: clinical case report

The prevalence of dental trauma and its consequences are challenging. This article presents a clinical case of a 9-year-old female who was in a bicycling accident and had a dental intrusion of the left maxillary lateral incisor with extensive dislocation. In the emergency department, surgical repositioning of the intruded tooth and a splinting with steel wire and composite resin was performed and the soft-tissue lesions were sutured. Two weeks after the first visit, pulp necrosis was found and endodontic treatment of the intruded tooth was started with a calcium hydroxide dressing. Despite the traumatic nature of the dental injury, the result of treatment was favorable. After 3 years of follow-up, repair of the resorptions and no signs of ankylosis of the teeth involved were evident. Considering the patient's age and the extent of intrusion, it was concluded that surgical repositioning associated with adequate endodontic therapy was an effective alternative treatment for this case.

Enxerto de tecido conjuntivo para correção da margem peri-implantar

Soft tissue recessions frequently cause esthetic disharmony and dissatisfaction. The results of coverage in peri-implant sites, in comparison with soft tissue coverage around a tooth, is less predictable. This clinical report describes the correction of an esthetic problem with a single-tooth implant-supported using a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) combined with the re-establishment of a new limit of gingival margin, and emergence crown profile. After anamnese and clinical exam it was observed an implant in the region of tooth 22 in vestibular position to alveolar ridge with a recession of 5 mm in its vestibular face. In the first cirurgical procedure the crown and the abutment were removed and a SCTG associated with a coronally positioned flap was performed in order to re-establish the limit of gingival margin. After 90 days, it was observed that the tissue in the implant site showed no adequate volume or thickness. Because of that, another SCTG was performed. The reopening procedure to install the healing cap was performed after 4 weeks. Then the prosthesis was installed. At 180 and 360 days postoperative, the implant adjacent tissue presented regular contour, color compatible with health and absence of bleeding. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic result. According to the clinical results and favorable esthetics it was possible to conclude that the use of ETC to correct an esthetic deficiency may be a feasible approach to establish new and stable peri-implant soft tissue contours.

Adesivo tecidual de fibrina e sua aplicação na implantodontia

The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry. Materials and Methods: A literature search of Medline-PubMed for articles published, describing the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry was performed and articles were critically reviewed. Results: The literature review reveals clinical trials and experimental studies with regard to the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry. This material consists of 2 components: highly purified, freeze-dried human fibrinogen with factor XIII and a starter solution containing human thrombin. Clotting factor XIII is admitted for reinforcement of the fibrin network. The components are reconstituted before use and when mixed form a clot by mimicking the terminal phase of the physiological clotting cascade. Several studies showed that fibrin tissue adhesive is fully absorbed by macrophages within 2 weeks of application. Adhesive fibrin tissue may be used for to prevent bone loss, to create contour in the periimplant soft tissue and osseous tissue, to sculpt emergence profile for prosthetic components and to mimic tissue architecture. In the last years fibrin tissue adhesive also find use as material for the controlled delivery of drugs and biologics. Conclusions: The fibrin tissue adhesive presents good properties such as biocompatibility, hemostatic properties and ability to break down like the physiologic clot. This material, alone or associated with other materials, can be used with the implants immediately after extraction. In this condition it brings the necessary anchoring and efficient maintenance of osseous/mucosal contour, which it is important for the clinical success.

A utilização de abutment de zircônia na reabilitação oral: aspectos protéticos e periodontais

Zirconia abutments are used to obtain satisfactory aesthetic results in implant fixed anterior prostheses when metal abutments promote a grayish mucosal discoloration of the peri-implant soft tissues. However, there is a lack of studies to confirm the clinical performance of the peri-implant soft tissues surrouding zirconia abutments. This study described a case report of a patient treated with implant fixed all-ceramic crown made out on zirconia abutment after 3 years of followup. A 47-year-old female patient was admitted to the dental clinic (Aracatuba Dental School) complaining about the fracture of her implant fixed single crown in the region of the left lateral incisor. The patient chose the replacement of the fractured prosthesis for an allceramic crown. After 3 years of follow-up it was observed that maintenance of the aesthetic results and the peri-implant soft tissue without any inflammation or gingival recessions. Within the limitations of a case report, it can be conclude that zirconia abutments is a effective rehabilitation treatment because it preserves the aesthetics and function through the maintenance of peri-implant tissues.

Straight and angulated abutments in platform switching: influence of loading on bone stress by three-dimensional finite element analysis

PURPOSE: In view of reports in the literature on the benefits achieved with the use of platform switching, described as the use of an implant with a larger diameter than the abutment diameter, the goal being to prevent the (previously) normal bone loss down to the first thread that occurs around most implants, thus enhancing soft tissue aesthetics and stability and the need for implant inclination due to bone anatomy in some cases, the aim of this study was to evaluate bone stress distribution on peri-implant bone, by using three-dimensional finite element analysis to simulate the influence of implants with different abutment angulations (0 and 15 degrees) in platform switching. METHODS: Four mathematical models of an implant-supported central incisor were created with varying abutment angulations: straight abutment (S1 and S2) and angulated abutment at 15 degrees (A1 and A2), submitted to 2 loading conditions (100 N): S1 and A1-oblique loading (45 degrees) and S2 and A2-axial loading, parallel to the long axis of the implant. Maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stress values were obtained for cortical and trabecular bone. RESULTS: Models S1 and A1 showed higher σmax in cortical and trabecular bone when compared with S2 and A2. The highest σmax values (in MPa) in the cortical bone were found in S1 (28.5), followed by A1 (25.7), S2 (11.6), and A2 (5.15). For the trabecular bone, the highest σmax values were found in S1 (7.53), followed by A1 (2.87), S2 (2.85), and A2 (1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Implants with straight abutments generated the highest stress values in bone. In addition, this effect was potentiated when the load was applied obliquely.

Análise retrospectiva de 61 casos de paracoccidioidomicose diagnosticados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/ UNESP

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis which requires prolonged treatment. It is highest prevalence in Latin America, with different endemic areas in Brazil. In this study the aim was to characterize clients suffering from mucocutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis by analysis of histopathological examinations of 61 adult patients diagnosed with mucocutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis treated at the Dental School of Araçatuba, from January 1989 to December 2004. It was observed that the disease occurred in 91.81% (56) men and 8.19% (5) women, more prevalent (78.68%) in whites, aged 40 to 59 years (62.9%) and the profession linked to agriculture in 17 patients (27.86%). All patients had oral manifestations, in multiple sites, but it was most prevalent in the oral mucosa (31.42%) and alveolar ridge (17.14%). The dentist as an integral member of the health services, must know the clinical manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis to achieve early diagnosis and thereby to improve the quality of life of patients.

Chronic consumption of fructose rich soft drinks alters tissue lipids of rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)