Influence of soil water potential in the action of herbicides on goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn)

Currently, the use of herbicides is essential in a practical and common in agricultural areas, but efficiency of these herbicides can be compromised when applied on plants that thrive in water deficit conditions, due to low uptake and translocation of the product. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of control ACCase inhibiting herbicides applied post-emergence in plants of Eleusine indica under different soil water contents. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications, consisting of a 9x4 factorial, with the combination of three soil water potentials (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) three herbicides (fluazifop-p -butyl, haloxyfop-methyl and sethoxydim + oil) and four doses (0, 25, 50, and 100 % of the recommended dose). Herbicide application was made in plants in vegetative stage 2-3 tillers. The soil water potential was initiated in the development stage of two leaves, and the water was supplemented until the soil reaches the potential of -0.01 MPa, when it came to minimum pre-determined for each water management. The physiological parameters evaluated were: photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration leaf temperature and plant dry mass. The visual assessments of phytotoxicity were performed at 7 and 14 days after application. The herbicides behaved in different ways according to the used water management. In severe water stress conditions (soil moisture at 8%) only fluazifop-p-butyl herbicide achieved satisfactory control (> 90%) in E. indica plants.

Assessment of the relationship between entomologic indicators of Aedes aegypti and the epidemic occurrence of dengue virus 3 in a susceptible population, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

From Potential to Implementation: an innovation framework to realize the benefits of soil carbon

This chapter addresses the mismatch between existing knowledge, techniques and management methods for improved soil carbon management and deficits in its implementation. The paper gives a short overview of the evolution of the concept of soil carbon, which illustrates the interactions between scientific, industrial, technical, societal and economic change. It then goes on to show that sufficient techniques are available for the large-scale implementation of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. A subsequent analysis of the bottlenecks that prevent implementation identifies where issues need to be addressed in order to enable robust, integrated and sustainable SOC management strategies.

Sperm characteristics of Steindachneridion parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) throughout 112h of storage at four temperatures

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determination of soil properties from standard penetration test complemented by torque measurement (SPT-T)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of soil texture in the recovery of Toxocara canis eggs by a flotation method

In epidemiological surveys, the evaluation of soil contamination by Toxocara canis eggs requires a quick and easy method for the isolation of parasite eggs from soil samples. The efficiency of flotation methods is influenced by sample size, soil texture, degree of soil contamination, pretreatment, flotation solutions and time of flotation. This investigation was designed to evaluate the influence of soil texture in the recovery of T. canis eggs with the centrifugal flotation technique of Dada (Dada, B.J.O., 1979. A new technique for the recovery of Toxocara eggs from soil. J. Helminthol., 53: 141-144). Four types of soil (clay silt, sandy, silty clay and sand) were artificially contaminated with T. canis eggs (200 eggs per gram). Zinc sulphate (specific gravity 1.20) and sodium dichromate (specific gravity 1.35) were used as flotation solutions. Twenty replicated examinations were performed for each type of soil and flotation solution. There was a statistically significant difference in the results depending on soil type. The highest recovery percentages were observed in soils rich in sand (62.5% for sand and 38.0% for sandy soil). Differences were also observed with different flotation solutions. Sodium dichromate solution was more efficient for recovering T. canis eggs, regardless of the soil texture. © 1994.

Grouping of countries according to indicators of standard of living

The position of 125 countries is studied on the basis of a collection of 26 basic, health, economic and educational indicators. Multivariate statistical methods were used, including Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis and Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The most discriminating variables were life expectancy the child mortality rate, the mortality rate of children of less than five years of age, the birth and fertility rates and the high-school female matriculation rate. The first principal component was interpreted as a measure of the living standard which made it possible to place the countries in order. Five clusters of countries are suggested.

Transformações da matéria orgânica em latossolo vermelho tratado com esterco bovino

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Assessment of the quality evaluation of compounded fluconazole capsules marketed in the region of Araraquara (SP, Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variation of soil and water volumes in riparian jungle soils of Brazil

The objective of this work is to study the relation between humidity, density, porosity and shrinkage of the floodplain soil and riparian vegetation and their ability to store water. For this purpose, two locations for every type of soils were evaluated. Both were placed at the Agronomy University (Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas) in São Manuel, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The floodplain soil was vegetated with Southern Cattail (Typha domingensis). In both places, soil samples were collected from several depths: 0, 30, 60 and 100 cm. Results show that lower soil density values (0.15 g/cm3) with organic texture and high porosities values (up to 86.2%) were found in samples with the highest organic material content in the floodplain soil. For this field experiment, flood plains soils (characterised as basin gley soils) presented high volumetric instability with a retratibility of 67.49% and higher water storage capacities compared to riparian stands soils (characterised as fluvic neosoils).