185 resultados para Geração Distribuída


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In Brazil, rates of urban solid waste generation increase proportionally more than the annual growing of the population. The government, from its federal authority to the municipal spheres, faces increasing challenges for Urban and Environmental management regarding to solid waste in general and, in particular, municipal solid waste. Financial problems added to public health problems that worsen with the serious environmental impacts generated every year. In August 2010 Brazil the PNRS (National Policy on Solid Waste) was approved and sanctioned in which represented a true watershed in the country as a legal framework extremely ambitious and visionary. This work presents the successes and challenges that the municipality of Sorocaba/SP is facing after more than three years of PNRS sanctioned to conduct an Urban and Environmental management suited to the new legal bases towards the subject of solid waste. The results show a large gap between the content proposed by the law and the technical, financial and temporal reality to practical implementation by the municipal government. New legislation and federal incentives, consortiums among the cities, flexible deadlines and environmental education at all levels are certainly some proposals to catalyze processes that aim to solve and overcome the challenges of solid waste

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This paper is about a case study of using solar energy and wind energy in a farm. For this purpose were collected from the property, such as water consumption and amount of residents. So, we estimate how many conventional panels or PET bottle panels and boiler needed to supply the farm with warm water. It also calculates the amount of photovoltaic panels and the main accessories for converting solar energy into electrical energy. For the pumping of water using photovoltaic panels is dismissed and dimensioned to be a watermill

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Brazil faces a complex problem in respect to municipal solid waste, having been in recent years an increase of its generation without the country there be adequate for proper disposal thereof. In many states , the percentage of waste destined improperly , ie , in dumps , landfills, send- outs , among others , is greater than that disposed in landfills , which would be the most correct way to be made. It can be argued that this discrepancy is due to the high cost of implementation and operation of the landfill, and the same need large areas with physical characteristics that suit their operations . When there is a provision in properly constructed landfills , municipal solid waste grounded generate gases with high potential energy through biochemical reactions during the anaerobic decomposition of organic material stored . Such gases can be used for power generation within the landfill or other economic means . To estimate the gas generation will be sufficient for such economic compensation , there are mathematical models that make estimating the amount of gas produced . These models calculate the energy capacity and generation , using parameters obtained based on the characteristics of solid waste , climate of the region where they are grounded and grounding time . Such models have been raised and studied so that it was possible to perform simulations that demonstrate the behavior of biogas generation related to the external conditions of the landfill that interfere with biological reactions within. The results show differences between the values obtained , it shows that the preparation of the models found and used in the simulations were allocated amounts for different parameters that determine this difference in the estimate . Therefore, to rule, the models have difficulty understanding this because there is no clarity in the formulation of the equations , and the definition of variables and parameters would require a detailed study to...

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O presente estudo, que foi desenvolvido considerando os dados de quatro municípios do Estado de São Paulo (São Carlos, Araraquara, Matão e Gavião Peixoto), teve como propósito definir um Indicador de Desenvolvimento Regional e teve os seguintes itens pesquisados: consumo energia elétrica residencial e industrial, população, valor adicionado total e o número de empregos gerados. Desses itens foram utilizados o valor adicionado e o número de empregos gerados para definir um indicador de desenvolvimento regional a fim de detectar o desenvolvimento dos municípios estudados, utilização de mão de obra qualificada e a geração de riquezas obtidas e distribuída entre esses municípios. A construção desse Indicador teve como base os dados dos municípios paulistas do período de 2001 a 2007. Após a mensuração do indicador de desenvolvimento regional foram extraídos e analisados os seguintes dados: análise do crescimento desses indicadores que levam ao desenvolvimento dos municípios vizinhos e a formação de um agrupamento produtivo local (cluster). Esses dados também foram utilizados numa análise estatística de regressão para estimar previsão de crescimento desses municípios em função do setor aeronáutico que está se instalando na região estudada. Foi observado também que no período estudado houve um crescimento de consumo de energia elétrica industrial e residencial, propiciando aos seus habitantes uma melhor qualidade de vida, com melhores salários e benefícios comuns. Esse indicador é altamente favorável, pois evidencia que a tendência de agrupamento de empresas no mesmo setor, contribui para o desenvolvimento da sociedade onde está inserida, incentiva o crescimento dos municípios e fomentando as atividades. No período de 2001 a 2005, os municípios de Araraquara, Gavião Peixoto e São Carlos tiveram um crescimento no indicador, de maneira estável... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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O câncer colorretal (CCR) é a terceira causa mais comum de câncer no mundo em ambos os sexos e a segunda causa em países desenvolvidos. Seu tratamento convencional é baseado na cirurgia associada à radioterapia e à quimioterapia em dose máxima tolerável, para tentativa de eliminação massiva das células tumorais. Tal abordagem, no entanto, pode causar efeitos colaterais importantes, entre eles as alterações hematopoiéticas e a supressão da resposta imune. As vacinas de células dendríticas mostram-se como opção terapêutica promissora para muitos tipos de câncer, havendo diferentes protocolos de preparação e sensibilização dessas células para dirigir a resposta antitumoral específica. Alguns agentes antineoplásicos em doses ultrabaixas mostraram modular positivamente as células dendríticas (DCs) e, na célula tumoral, promover alterações na transcrição de vários genes imunologicamente relevantes. Considerando que, em estudos prévios, tais mudanças transcricionais resultaram em aumento de imunogenicidade das células tumorais, hipotetizamos que o RNA das células pré-tratadas deve ser mais eficiente do que o RNA das células originais para preparação de vacinas de células dendríticas. Assim, objetivamos avaliar se o tratamento de células do tumor de cólon humano (HT-29) com PAC ou 5-FU/LEUCO torna seu RNA mais eficiente para preparação dessas vacinas. Para essa investigação, DCs humanas geradas a partir de monócitos de sangue periférico foram transfectadas com RNA total das células tumorais pré-tratadas e, a seguir, testadas quanto à capacidade de apresentação de antígenos e indução de células T citolíticas específicas. Apesar da baixa viabilidade celular pós eletroporação, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o tratamento de células tumorais com concentrações não tóxicas de 5-FU ou PAC promove alteração de expressão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study

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This research was developed with the goal of creating a Digital Terrain Model(DTM),through a topo-bathymetric data gathering that allows the monitoring of the fluvial dynamics of part of Guaratinguetá’s creek, where preliminary evaluations identified, in a short period of time, intense changes on its riverbed. Modern topography technics and tools were used for the data gathering, such as the use of geodesic GPS and Total Station. The DTM was primal for the project e execution of the desilting works of the researched part of the creek, being used to estimate the amount of soil to be moved. The comparison between the digital terrain models generated before and after the desilting has showed the efficiency and aplicability of this technique in the monitoring of the fluvial dynamics changes of Guaratinguetá’s creek

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The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

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Brazil economic growth has to predict the need for implementation of new energy sources to ensure the continuity of the economic growth and improvement of life of the brazilian population. Until this moment, this assistance included the construction of large hydroelectric plants, mainly in the amazon region, where the environmental impact is difficult or, as in the case of the Belo Monte made this impossible so far, the implementation of these projects. In this work is conducted a study that demonstrates an example of application of wind energy, through an assessment of wind resources in the brazilian Northeast for the implementation of a wind farm

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This work, based in a patent request at INPI, protocol no. 020110035974, presents a system development using solar panels to supply the electricity demand required by punctual loads, without a storage unit or utility grid synchronism, through a control circuit that allows parallel operation with the power grid during low sunlight incidence periods. A study about solar panel construction and topologies for Power generation was done, in a atempt to evalute impacts in project. This development was modular, providing the system the possibility of power capacity expansion and load diversity as well, in an attempt to reduce the total energy requirements from the residential sector drained from the power grid along the day

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Internet is fully inserted in contemporary society, specially in relation to entertainment services and trading. Its reach has transposed the traditional desktop computer models coming to mobile devices like cell phones and GPS receivers. Likewise, the scientific community takes its benefits, both for publication of studies and for communication between clusters processing information, such as at LHC, located in Switzerland. Concerning geodetic positioning, researches in the area present the concept of Virtual Reference Stations - VRS, in which is necessary a communication way between the real reference stations and a central system as well as between central system and a service requester. In this work, we analyze the current solutions for generation of VRS with regard to data delivery for the service requester and present a solution based on Web Services as an alternative to the model being developed by Spatial Geodesy Study Group – GEGE/FCT/UNESP. Comparing solutions, it was verified the potential of Web Services to aid in researches of geodetic positioning using VRS. Using such technology, it is obtained interoperability, providing greater flexibility to develop client applications, both development carried out by researchers of the university or by any person or enterprise wishing to use the service

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The tool proposed, known as WSPControl, enables remote monitoring of computers across the Internet using distributed applications. Through a Web Services architecture is possible the communication between these distributed applications across heterogeneous platforms, also eliminates the need for additional settings in computer networks, such as release of ports or proxy. The tool is divided into three modules, namely: • Client Interface: developed in C Sharp, is responsible for capturing data on performance of the monitored computer also connects to the Web Services to report this data. • Web Services Interface: developed in PHP using the PHP SOAP library, is responsible for facilitating the communication between internet applications and client. • Internet Interface: developed in PHP, is responsible for reading and interpreting the information captured these available on the Internet

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A exposição in utero a xenoestrógenos pode aumentar o risco de neoplasias de natureza endócrina na vida adulta. O Bisfenol A (BPA), componente de resinas e plástico, considerado xenoestrógeno e desregulador endócrino, tem sido investigado pelos seus potenciais efeitos adversos para a saúde humana. Como a Genisteína e o Indol-3-Carbinol possuem propriedades que podem inibir neoplasias de natureza endócrina, é possível que também atuem modulando/modificando os efeitos causados pela exposição gestacional ao BPA. O presente projeto teve como objetivos: (1) Avaliar os efeitos da exposição gestacional ao Bisfenol - A (BPA) sobre a morfogênese do útero e ovários na prole de fêmeas Sprague-Dawley (SD) da geração F1; (2) Avaliar se a exposição gestacional a genisteína e ao indol-3-carbinol altera os efeitos do BPA sobre sobre a morfogênese do útero e ovários na geração F1 e (3) avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao BPA, e às associações BPA e genisteína, BPA e indol-3-carbinol em relação à susceptibilidade a carcinogênese induzida pela N-Metil-N-Nitrosuréia (MNU). Portanto, fêmeas prenhas da linhagem SD foram divididas em 7 grupos experimentais e expostas ao Bisfenol A (BPA) (25 ou 250 ug/kg p.c.) DG 10 até o DG 21 (Moral et al. 2008), além de ração basal ou ração contendo genisteína (250 mg/kg) ou indol-3-carbinol (2000 mg/kg) durante toda a gestação. Parte da prole Fêmeas SD foi sacrificada parte no Dia Pós-Natal (DPN) 21 e parte ao final da 25ª semana após iniciação ou não com a MNU. Ao DPN 21 os ovários e útero foram removidos para contagem de folículos e morfometria, respectivamente. A prole restante de fêmeas recebeu uma única dose de MNU (50 mg/kg) ou solução de NaCl (1 ml/kg) no DPN 51 e foi sacrificada na 25ª semana após a aplicação de MNU ou de NaCl. Ovários e útero foi removidos para análises histológicas, incluindo a determinação de lesões proliferativas ...

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The mining of sand, currently, is essential for urban growth, by providing input for the building industry. The consequences of this mining activity to environmental triggers may be severe and irreversible. Among the major impacts caused by sand mining the riparian vegetation removal is detached. The riparian vegetation is essential for balance and maintaining the local ecosystem. For all that had been shown, is possible to verify the importance of environmental studies in areas wich there are mining. This study aimed specially to assess environmental impacts triggered by a mining, located near the headwaters of the stream Mandu, situated in Ajapi, District of Rio Claro-SP. For this purpose, we used remote sensing techniques and GIS to produce thematic maps of slope, pedology, geology, land use and occupation of the soil, and riparian vegetation, using the capabilities of GIS / ArcGIS. The slope map was based on data from the Cartographic IGC 1979, scale 1:10,000. For the production of pedological and geological maps were used Semi-Detailed soil survey of the state of São Paulo, 1981 (1:100,000) and the Geological Map of Zaine (1994), scale 1:50,000, respectively. Since the maps of Use and Land Occupation and Riparian Forest were obtained by visual interpretation of the image of CBERS 2010 following the merger between the HRC and CCD images. From these mappings, and through multi-criteria analysis, map of susceptibility to erosion was made, which supported the environmental assessment of the studied area, indicating susceptible and unsuitable areas for the deployment of economic activities and urban sprawl. This study serves as a model can be replicated in other watersheds, assisting in the proper use planning and land use, aiming at the rational use of natural resources

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A Agricultura exerce papel fundamental na economia de um país, seja ela para emprego de mão de obra e geração de renda, seja para produção de alimentos destinados para a exportação e consumo interno. No Brasil a Agricultura familiar é responsável por produzir uma parcela importante de alimentos consumidos pela população nacional. Durante a década de 1990, políticas públicas foram sendo implantadas para auxiliar o desenvolvimento rural, tendo como público alvo a agricultura familiar e incidindo sobre entraves para o seu desenvolvimento, como a questão da comercialização dos produtos advindos desse segmento. Em 2003, O Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), foi instituído pelo artigo 19 da lei federal 10.696, que tinha como objetivo promover a inclusão social e econômica no campo por meio do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, através da aquisição de alimentos desses produtores. Tais alimentos adquiridos são destinados a ações de alimentação empreendidas por entidades das redes sócioassistenciais, Bancos de Alimentos e para famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O presente trabalho consistiu em um estudo de caso, que teve como objetivo diagnosticar a influência do PAA no município de Rio Claro (SP), quantificando o número de agricultores que participavam do programa no município, e, identificando a diversidade e quantidade de alimentos produzidos destinados ao PAA. Foram também analisados os valores destinados ao programa desde sua implantação. Além disso, foram mapeadas as entidades sócio-assistenciais que receberam os alimentos destinados ao programa. Com base na leis de nº 10.696/2003 e nº 11.326/2006, e os Decretos de nº 6.447/2008 e nº 6.959/2009, que dão providências ao PAA, foram realizadas coletas de dados e informações junto às Secretarias de Ação Social e ao Banco de Alimentos do município de Rio Claro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)