Toxicidade de petróleo bruto sobre microcrustáceo Daphnia similis em água de rio e água de produção de petróleo

Aquatic ecosystems are suffering many impacts caused by human activities resulting from the activities occurring around them. With technological progress observed in recent years, this environment has received large amounts of chemicals from industries, agriculture and urban area that affect the aquatic biota. Among these sources of contamination, the oil industry has contributed to the pollution of aquatic environments with both effluents as produced water well as oil spills and their derivatives having toxicity to various organisms. With all the environmental issues has increased concern about water quality and has been used ecotoxicological tests with aquatic organisms to ecosystems to assess the toxicity of chemicals present in the water. In this context the microcrustacea Daphnia similis stands out as a freshwater organism very representative of the aquatic fauna of rivers and high sensitivity to environmental impacts. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of crude oil and produced water on this microcrustacea. The results showed that the microcrustacea presented high sensitivity to contaminants primarily crude oil. There was also the influence of environmental variables pH and temperature on the survival of organisms

Gasolina, gás natural e etanol: comparação dos principais impactos ambientais da produção ao consumo final

Não disponível.

Cultura em excesso?: uma investigação dos dispêndios com cultura nos municípios fluminenses

A monografia apresenta um breve panorama dos aspectos econômicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com o intuito de destacar o papel da indústria do petróleo na economia do mesmo, assim como as rendas provenientes dos pagamentos de royalties e participações especiais aos municípios produtores. O fato é que enormes recursos são entregues a esses municípios, o que torna extremamente importante a investigação da qualidade da alocação destes. Ambiciona-se por meio deste trabalho a análise das despesas culturais dos municípios fluminenses com o propósito de identificar se as cidades que mais recebem royalties gastam relativamente mais nesta área comparado a outras. Este exame é relevante, principalmente pela dificuldade de definição do conceito de cultura e por as contas culturais municipais não serem auditadas pelos Tribunais de Contas, o que favoreceria um possível canal de desvio de verbas públicas

Análise dos royalties do petróleo sob a perspectiva jurídica

This research aims to discuss the division of royalties from a legal perspective and its substitute role towards the non-taxation at source, in other words the taxation of destiny at the Brazilian petroleum industry. The analysis aims to deal with the historical evolution in relation to the aspect of royalties’ payment and its deviation of compensatory character in order to supply the ICMS function. There are some specific study objects in this research: 1. how the transformation of royalties’ payment led to financial compensation; 2. to whom the transference of mineral rent belongs – to the UNIÃO or to the fortunate regions which the oil is extracted; 3. would a tax reform be enough to minimize the competition of States and Cities towards the royalties? The research aims to clarify the real expectation that States have on the royalties’ payment. There is no compensation for damage to the environment as it is stated by the initial characteristic of the Constitution, and, by the contrast, from a compensatory character, there is a lacking of taxation from the sector mentioned before, this fact damages the producing states checked out by this research

Caracterização microestrutural de junta soldada com arco submerso e análise da propagação de trincas em um tubo de aço API X 70

In this work a study of an API 5L X70 steel, which is used in the manufacture of oil and gas pipelines, has been made. This class of steel show high strength and ductility values, and has been increasingly studied due the growing demand of oil and natural gas, which in consequence, increases the needing of new pipelines to transport them. The material studied has been directly taken from a tube provided by TenarisConfab, and a special attention has been given to the fatigue crack growth rate study, which proved that a crack will grow at different rates according to the tube position where it is growing

Diretrizes para execução dos estudos geológico-geotécnicos e ambientais voltados à implantação de dutovias

Due to the new discoveries of oil and gas reservoirs, and also the increasing production of bio-fuels, the brazilian general pipeline system is being vertiginously extended. On the other hand, there is a lack of clear parameters that would allow a better utilization of the geological-geotechnical studies in the process of environmental licensing of pipeline systems. Therefore, this paper presents guidelines that would orientate the environmental licensing procedures to build pipeline systems, and also the geological-geotechnical studies that would support the characterization of the physical context. The method applied in this study consisted in the existing data survey and in their organization, analysis and review. In doing so, there is a well-subsidy integration of the many steps of the pipeline system implementation, the required environmental licenses and the investigation methods of the correlated physical context. As a result, it’s presented a flowchart of the guidelines, detailing the interaction between the environmental licensing, the geological-geotechnical studies and the phases of the pipeline’s project.

Captura gravitacional de pequenos corpos por arrasto em um gás modelado usando equações hidrodinâmicas

In this work we have developed an apparatus in order to study the capture of asteroids by planets surrounded by a gas envelope during y-by, to do this we have brought an innovation by using a hydrodynamical gas. We began such project by studying particles trajectories with a code based on the analytical gas. After being used to this model we have started a process to elaborate a code which uses the gas in a numerical way. The hydrodynamical gas is described by equations which are not solved analytically. Therefore, it was used an algorithm able to model the gas by keeping all information of the gas in cells. Thus we have made a code to read such cell`s information and then to solve all calculations. Once this process is done, the program inform us all date about the simulated trajectories

Modelagem do resfriamento para a zona termicamente afetada pela soldagem de tubos de aço carbono

Because the high consumption of welded pipe for exploration and conduction oil and gas, optimization of manufacturing processes is necessary to obtain better productivity, efficiency and cost reduction. The objective of this study is to analyze the forms of heat transfer during the welding of pipes using longitudinal submerged arc process them to propose a model for the temperature distribution in the welded region. For this analysis are addressed as the heat transfer modes operate in the specified welding process and the necessary considerations for the mathematical model were obtained. The calculations were performed and the simulations needed to obtain the temperature distribution in the tube were carried out. Therefore, the practice was satisfactory and the results showed a range of temperatures along the pipe for a particular model and the future suggestions for improvement of this work

Avaliação de recursos hídricos sob a influência de atividades de uma indústria do petróleo, por meio de análises ecotoxicológicas integradas a parâmetros ambientais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do comportamento em fadiga de um tubo de aço microligado, grau API 5L X70

This work focuses on a study on the fatigue behavior of a microalloyed steel API 5L X70, used in pipes lines to transport oil and gas. These types of steels have excellent mechanical resistance values and ductility and therefore increased their study driven by increased demand for oil and especially natural gas, which consequently raises the need to build new pipelines to transport these products. The oil extraction units, composed of the risers (pipelines connecting the oil well to the ship), are dimensioned to remain installed for periods of 20 to 30 years in the marine environment, a hostile environment for high pressure, corrosion, low temperatures and the stresses caused by the movement of water and tides. For analysis, the S-N (stress versus number of cycles) curves were obtained from data collected from bodies-of-proof cylindrical longitudinal, transverse and that one removed from the weld area of the pipe, tested in accordance with ASTM E466. Tensile tests were performed for characterizing the mechanical properties of the samples and welded joints, concluded that the values meet the specifications of the standard API 5L. To characterize microstructural material, also metallographic analysis was made of regions of the base metal and the HAZ. The results of fatigue tests demonstrated a higher life for the specimens removed from the longitudinal direction the pipe, followed by those in the transverse direction and, finally, the welded joint. The origins of the fatigue cracks were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Práticas de gestão da melhoria contínua e aprendizado e suas contribuições para a capacidade de inovação na indústria de construção naval do Brasil

After years of stagnation, the naval construction industry in Brazil has been experiencing a period of recovery caused by investments in the oil and gas sector and the implementation of governmental programs that aimed to regenerate it. However, efforts in learning and innovations are needed in order to reinsert the country in this activity and achieve international levels of competitiveness. Based on literature about learning processes and continuous improvement practices and their impact in the innovative and productive processes, this paper aims to identify the main tendencies, mechanisms and procedures to improve the construction and management processes in the Brazilian naval construction industry. The methodology used for the data analysis classifies obtained information from magazines and annals of congresses of the sector, according to the established analysis categories (phenomena). Such categories study information related to the productive and technological processes of the industry, the main internal and external relations of the industrial park, the management of resources and processes, policies, investments, etc. The data was collected in the period 2004-2010, and more than 500 registers that show a dominance of the investment phenomenon, especially in the increase of productive capacity, were catalogued. In addition to this, there is evidence of modernization in the manufacturing plan and the equipment, diverse forms of cooperation, implementation of human resources management practices and engineering or processes and products. Hence, a process of catching up governs and is guided by modernization and increase training in this industry.

Uso da avaliação do ciclo de vida para a determinação na redução de emissões de gases do efeito estufa e do consumo de energia associados a reciclagem de EPS

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Projeto estrutural de um conector bipartido utilizado na indústria de óleo & gás através do método dos elementos finitos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Termodinâmica do modelo Bouncer: um gás unidimensional simplificado

Pós-graduação em Física - IGCE

Determinação in situ de metilmercúrio e mercúrio (II) em sistemas aquáticos nas proximidades de refinarias de petróleo, utilizando a técnica difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT)

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE