180 resultados para Difusão térmica


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This paper proposes to assess the lability of complexes of uranium in soil using the technique of Diffusion in Thin Films by concentration gradients (DGT) in the vicinity the Osamu Utsumi mine, located in the municipality of Caldas - MG. The technique is based on the 1ª Fick Law, where metal complexes diffuse through a gel, which in turn is adsorbed on a resin. The metals adsorbed are recovered by an analytical technique and quantified by optical emission spectrometer with plasma inductively coupled (ICP-OES) or mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS)

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The DGT technique has been used to determine and better understand the dynamics and bioavailability of metals in the sea near to marine outfalls. In this work, the DGT was assessed for the determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in marine water samples from Potiguar Basin in its conventional aspect (binding agent, Chelex-100 and diffusive agent: Diffusive polyacrylamide gel (D) and restrictive (R)) and determination of Pb and Cd through its alternative aspect (binding agent: Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in agarose gels and diffusive agent: 3MM Chromatography Paper). The deployment curves for long periods of immersion in the sample, showed a good linear correlation for the conventional aspect to Zn (D: R²=0.9586, R: R²=0.9444), Ni (D: R²=0.9789, R: R²=0.9286) and Cu (D: R²=0.764, R: R²=0.8143), and alternative to Pb (R²=0.9228) and Cd (R²=0.9673). The results of the organic and inorganic composition analysis in conventional aspect, showed that for every element there is no significant fraction of organic compounds in the sample. In addition, considering the alternative aspect, the comparison of obtained and expected masses suggests that some of the Pb is not labile and that the main retention mechanism of Pb for S. Cerevisiae occurs through ion exchange

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O fluconazol é um antifúngico de amplo espectro indicado para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas sistêmicas e superficiais. A determinação da potência dos antimicrobianos é importante no controle e na garantia da qualidade das preparações farmacêuticas e faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de procedimentos práticos e econômicos que possam ser validados e aplicados no doseamento desses fármacos. Dentre os ensaios microbiológicos, os mais comumente empregados são o de difusão em ágar e o turbidimétrico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar métodos microbiológicos para determinação da potência do fluconazol cápsulas. O método de difusão em ágar foi desenvolvido empregando ágar Sabouraud e Candida albicans ATCC 64548 como micro-organismo teste. Foi utilizado o delineamento 3 x 3, segundo preconiza a Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010). A validação do método demonstrou linearidade entre o diâmetro dos halos de inibição e o logaritmo da concentração numa faixa de 25,0 a 100,0 µg/mL. Os resultados foram precisos, com desvio padrão relativo igual a 6,15%, e exatos, com intervalo de tolerância de 97,30%, dentro dos limites permitidos. O método foi aplicado ainda em estudos de estabilidade, nas condições de estresse calor úmido, em câmara climática a 40 ºC e 75% de umidade relativa por 90 dias; calor seco, em estufa a 60 ºC por 66 dias e fotodegradação, em câmara espelhada com luz UVC por 66 e 180 dias. Os valores de teor médio calculados foram de 30,27% para calor úmido; 27,72% para calor seco; 33,29% para fotodegradação durante 66 dias e 25,00% para fotodegradação durante 180 dias

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It is known that there is a wide variety of bioavailable trace metals in aquatic systems, and its determination is fundamental to predict impacts to organisms in these environments. However, the determination of the total concentration of chemicals in aquatic systems, despite its importance, does not provide necessary information for decision making or even may lead to misinterpretation of the procedures and potential risks to the system in question. This study aimed to use the technique of diffusion in thin films by concentration gradients (DGT) to evaluate the anion exchange membrane Whatman DE 81 as binder alternative in determining Cr (VI). Experiments were carried out to determine the diffusion coefficients for the material used diffusion (agarose gel). The behaviors of the binders were analyzed before the main variables of the systems, immersion time, pH and ionic strength. Then was made the assessment of potential interferences, to finally proceed with testing using actual samples in the laboratory and in situ

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Worldwide environmental degradation is an undesirable byproduct resulting from the increasing demand for natural resources. Water sources are suffering intense contamination since they usually receive a huge amount of domestic and industrial effluents - which are mostly wasted without proper treatment - inserting a large number of pollutants in the environment, heavy metals included. Mercury holds great toxicological importance because, under some physicochemical conditions in a water environment, Hg (II) ion turns into methylated compounds stemming from this element, such as methylmercury CH3Hg, which is highly toxic for the aquatic community in which bioaccumulation occurs. Nowadays passive sampling techniques are being developed to enable the analytical procedures which are applied in environmental monitoring. Diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT) has been proven an interesting tool for the determination of labile metal species due to its in situ application. The DGT technique consists of a piston-like device on which the following series of agents is disposed: a binding agent (conventionally Chelex 100 resin), a diffusive agent, usually a polyacrylamide gel, and a membrane filter. Nevertheless, the agents conventinally used for this technique don't usually show satisfactory results in mercury sampling. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the phosphate-treated cellulose membrane (Whatman P 81), an alternative material, as binding agent in the DGT to determine labile mercury fractions in aquatic systems. In this context, we conducted a study of the behavior of this material in relation with system variables, pH and ionic strength. Afterwards we performed immersions of the DGT devices in real and enriched samples and in situ aiming the determination of mercury

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEB

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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O Ácido Kójico (AK) é uma substancia produzida por cepas de Aspergillus sp. Foi isolado pela primeira vez em 1907, através do estudo feito a partir do crescimento desse fungo em arroz cozido a vapor. É usado na cosmetologia como antioxidante e despigmentante para uso tópico. Atua como um potente antioxidante quelando íons de ferro e os íons de cobre presentes no seu sítio ativo da tirosinase impedindo a formação de melanina. O isononanoato de cetoestearila, utilizado na formulação, tem ampla utilização em cosméticos como cremes protetores de epiderme, cremes de maquiagens, cremes de proteção solar, loções e desodorantes por ser emoliente, não possuir cheiro e toque seco. Os sistemas nanoestruturados, como por exemplo, os sistemas líquidocristalinos aumentam a solubilidade dos princípios ativos incorporados ao sistema e aumentam a solubilidade dos princípios ativos incorporados ao sistema e aumentam a estabilidade e diminuem a toxidade, pois agem como reservatórios e dependendo da interação fármaco-sistema, altera a biodisponibilidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar um sistema líquido cristalino constituído por água e isononanoato de cetoestearila (óleo), e estabilizado com o tensoativo álcool cetílico etoxilado e propoxilado contendo ácido kójico avaliando sua estabilidade através de estudos de termoanálises

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The albendazole and mebendazole drugs are benzimidazole derivatives and belong to the anthelmintic class. These drugs are particularly recommended for the treatment against worms present in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, by acting directly on the worm metabolism. The need for thermally study drugs is related to all the parameters that these analyzes include: presence or absence of polymorphs, possible changes in the crystallinity of the drugs, as well as the quality control during the manufacturing process thereof. In this study the thermal behavior of anthelmintic albendazole and commercial mebendazole and its recrystallisation in organic solvents, such as acetic acid and formic acid in dimethylformamide to mebendazole, and albendazole were studied using TG-DSC techniques, TG-FTIR, FTIR and XRD. TG-DSC techniques were used so it could collect information about the thermal stability of the compounds steps for thermal decomposition process and also prove its melting temperature. For recrystallization of drugs in organic solvents, the TG-DSC curves were analyzed to compare and determine that the occurrence of polymorphs. The coupled TG-FTIR technique allowed the analysis of volatile products which were released during the thermal decomposition of the commercial mebendazole. The absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region was performed to mebendazole, and albendazole in order to show the difference in functional groups of both, comparing the spectra with commercial drugs and see if there was recrystallized changes in the absorption band where the drug was recrystallized or when heated. The diffraction technique by powder X-ray method was used for comparison of the crystal structures of commercial drugs and recrystallization in organic solvents to identify changes in crystallinity both, which might suggest the formation of polymorphs

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS