Geotermometria das águas hipertermais do Sistema Aquífero Guarani no estado de São Paulo

Several geothermometers have been employed to determine the expected temperature in the groundwater reservoirs, most part of them based on the chemical equilibrium between thermal groundwaters and minerals which constitute the aquifer framework. Based on this principle, groundwater from Guarani Aquifer System, which presents temperatures upon to 38°C, classified as hyperthermal by the Brazilian Mineral Water Code, had their chemical composition evaluated with the main purpose to determine the expected temperatures in the reservoir based on the application of several geothermometers. These groundwaters can be classified as Na-HCO3 type evolving to Na-HCO3-Cl-SO4 type due the increase in sulphate and chloride concentrations. Measured groundwater temperatures show a good correlation with the depth of the aquifer, indicating an average geothermal gradient of 27.7°C/km. The lowest geothermal gradients, bellow 25°C/km, are observed in the central portion of the study area; meanwhile the highest gradients are observed in NE and W portions of the study area. Quartz equilibrium based geothermometers return temperature over the measured temperatures, meanwhile chalcedony geothermometer returns temperatures near the measured in the wells, except for the wells located in the area which presents the lowest geothermal gradients. The geothermometers based on the equilibrium between Na/K have returned temperatures diverse from the measured at the field, meanwhile the geothermometer based on the equilibrium between Na/K/Ca has presented good match with groundwater which present temperatures under 50°C, due the thermodynamic equilibrium between these waters and feldspars. Geothermometers show evidences about mixtures between groundwaters from GAS and underlying units, especially in wells located in the SW portion of the study area.

Efeitos do tratamento com formalina e sulfato de cobre sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e parasitos monogenéticos em juvenis de Hemigrammus sp. (Osteichthyes: Characidae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of formalin and copper sulphate to control monogeneans in juvenile Hemigrammus sp and its effect on leukocyte count. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. All treatments lasted for three days and consisted of: T1, control; T2 and T3 immersion bath for one hour in formalin, an of two concentrations of 0.25 ml formalin and the other 0.1 ml L-1; the T4 bath for 24 hours with 0,025 ml of formalin-L-1; and T5, bath 24 hours with copper sulphate (0.3 mg L-1). After the experimental period was observed that T2, 100% mortality. The T3 and T5 provided 100% efficiency, however, fish presented mortalities and intoxication of the 66 and 80% respectively. T4 showed an efficacy of 77.7% and decrease in parasitological indices: total number of parasites of11, 3 ± 9, mean infection intensity of 3.2 ± 2 and a prevalence of 47.1%. As the leukocytes was observed that at T3, T4 and T5 occurred differences in the proportion of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils as compared to control. The CuSO4 and formalin reduce the parasite load, but presented to be toxic at higher concentrations.

Photoelectrochemical properties of FTO/m-BiVO4 electrode in different electrolytes solutions under visible light irradiation

Photoelectrochemical properties of FTO/BiVO4 electrode were investigated in different electrolytic solutions, potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), and under visible light irradiation condition. In order to accomplish that, an FTO/BiVO4 electrode was built by combining the solution combustion synthesis technique with the dip-coating deposition process. The morphology and structure of the BiVO4 electrode were investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Photoelectrochemical properties were analyzed through chronoamperometry measurements. Results have shown that the FTO/BiVO4 electrode presents higher electroactivity in the electrolyte Na2SO4, leading to better current stabilization, response time, and photoinduced current density, when compared to KCl electrolyte. Besides, this electrode shows excellent performance for methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation condition. In Na2SO4, the electrode has shown higher degradation rate, 51 %, in contrast to 44 % in KCl, plus higher rate constant, 174 × 10-4 min-1 compared to 150 × 10-4 min-1 in KCl. Results presented in this communication leads to the indication of BiVO4 thin films as alternate materials to use in heterogeneous photoelectrocatalysis, more specifically in decontamination of surface water. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Anthropogenic impacts on mineral weathering: A statistical perspective

Correspondence Analysis was adopted as tool for investigating the statistical structure of hydrochemical and weathering datasets of groundwater samples, with the main purpose of identifying impacts on mineral weathering caused by anthropogenic activities, namely fertilizing of farmlands. The hydrochemical dataset comprised measured concentrations of major inorganic compounds dissolved in groundwater, namely bicarbonate, silica (usually by-products of chemical weathering), chloride, sulphate and nitrate (typically atmospheric plus anthropogenic inputs). The weathering dataset consisted of calculated mass transfers of minerals being dissolved in loess sediments of a region located in SW Hungary (Szigetvár area), namely Na-plagioclase, calcite and dolomite, and of pollution-related concentrations of sodium, magnesium and calcium. A first run of Correspondence Analysis described groundwater composition in the study area as a system of triple influence, where spots of domestic effluents-dominated chemistries are surrounded by areas with agriculture-dominated chemistries, both imprinted over large regions of weathering dominated chemistries. A second run revealed that nitrification of N-fertilizers is promoting mineral weathering by the nitric acid reaction (anthropogenic pathway), in concurrence with the retreating of weathering by carbonic acid (natural pathway). It also indicated that dolomite and calcite are being players in a dedolomitization process driven by dissolution of gypsum fertilizers and nitrification of N-fertilizers. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Alterações clínicas e morfológicas das córneas de coelhos implantadas com anéis intraestromais de FERRARA® com e sem revestimento de condrointin sulfato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição, produção e qualidade do feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação da equação de Paisson-Boltzmann com condição de contorno para regulação carga-potencial a sistemas polieletrolíticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interação do peptídeo MP-I com micela de SDS em solução aquosa: um estudo por dinâmica molecular

Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE

Variações regionais e efeitos da castração nos lobos dorsal e ventral da próstata do gerbilo da Mongólia (Meriones unguiculatus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Interleucina 6 e proteinograma sérico de ovinos submetidos à endotoxemia experimental

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Produtividade e qualidade de grãos de canola em função da adubação nitrogenada e sulfatada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Eficiência agronômica de fontes de manganês, disponibilidade para a soja e distribuição nas frações do solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Glicerol quinase de levedura de panificação

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Estudo da capacidade de absorção intestinal de ferro e zinco em indivíduos com obesidade grave, antes e após cirurgia bariátrica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)