156 resultados para Acção do vento
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Brazilian cerrado is characterized by an evident seasonality with distinct dry and wet seasons. Pyrostegia venusta is a common vine found in different physiognomies of the Cerrado. The species may present characteristics that allow its adjustment to the seasonal cycles. The phenology of vegetative and reproductive events was studied for this species in 2004 and 2005. The objective was to verify which climatic factors determine the phenological patterns observed in the species. Flowering was inversely related to mean temperatures and to the length of the day, while fruiting was inversely related to the photoperiod and directly related to the mean wind velocity. Seed dispersal was directly related to wind speed. As a consequence, flowering occurred at the end of the rainy season, close to the winter, and was prolonged until the end of the dry season. Fruiting and fruit maturation occurred during the dry period, with the seeds being dispersed at the end of this period. The seed dispersal at the end of the dry season, common to other anemochoric species of cerrado, allows a rapid germination at the beginning of the wet season, favoring the species propagation in this environment.
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One approach to verify the adequacy of estimation methods of reference evapotranspiration is the comparison with the Penman-Monteith method, recommended by the United Nations of Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO, as the standard method for estimating ET0. This study aimed to compare methods for estimating ET0, Makkink (MK), Hargreaves (HG) and Solar Radiation (RS), with Penman-Monteith (PM). For this purpose, we used daily data of global solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for the year 2010, obtained through the automatic meteorological station, with latitude 18° 91' 66 S, longitude 48° 25' 05 W and altitude of 869m, at the National Institute of Meteorology situated in the Campus of Federal University of Uberlandia - MG, Brazil. Analysis of results for the period were carried out in daily basis, using regression analysis and considering the linear model y = ax, where the dependent variable was the method of Penman-Monteith and the independent, the estimation of ET0 by evaluated methods. Methodology was used to check the influence of standard deviation of daily ET0 in comparison of methods. The evaluation indicated that methods of Solar Radiation and Penman-Monteith cannot be compared, yet the method of Hargreaves indicates the most efficient adjustment to estimate ETo.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Abstract A fuzzy linguistic model based on the Mamdani method with input variables, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, temperature and wind obtained from CETESB with two membership functions each was built to predict the average hospitalization time due to cardiovascular diseases related to exposure to air pollutants in São José dos Campos in the State of São Paulo in 2009. The output variable is the average length of hospitalization obtained from DATASUS with six membership functions. The average time given by the model was compared to actual data using lags of 0 to 4 days. This model was built using the Matlab v. 7.5 fuzzy toolbox. Its accuracy was assessed with the ROC curve. Hospitalizations with a mean time of 7.9 days (SD = 4.9) were recorded in 1119 cases. The data provided revealed a significant correlation with the actual data according to the lags of 0 to 4 days. The pollutant that showed the greatest accuracy was sulfur dioxide. This model can be used as the basis of a specialized system to assist the city health authority in assessing the risk of hospitalizations due to air pollutants.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
Comparação de métodos de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência para região de Jaboticabal-SP
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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A energia dos ventos é uma abundante fonte de energia renovável, limpa e disponível em quase todos os lugares. A geração da eletricidade através de fontes alternativas de energia como a eólica e a solar ganha grande importância diante da situação mundial em relação à preservação do meio ambiente e da necessidade de depender menos dos combustíveis fósseis como fontes de energia. No Brasil, algumas medidas precisas de vento, realizadas recentemente em diversos pontos do território nacional, indicam a existência de um imenso potencial eólico ainda não explorado. Para tanto se faz necessário estudos e revisões bibliográficas dos métodos de descrição e dimensionamento do regime eólico bem como as suas aplicações. Para isso foi feito uma análise do recurso eólico disponível na Região de Botucatu, utilizando os principais métodos de análise estatística e de determinação da energia produzida por um aerogerador.