How narrow is the spectrum of submaximal speeds in swimming?

The purpose of this study was to identify the boundary of submaximal speed zones (i.e., exercise intensity domains) between maximal aerobic speed (S-400) and lactate threshold (LT) in swimming. A 400-m all-out test, a 7 × 200 m incremental step test, and two to four 30-minute submaximal tests were performed by 12 male endurance swimmers (age = 24.5 ± 9.6 years; body mass = 71.3 ± 9.8 kg) to determine S-400, speed corresponding to LT, and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). S-400 was 1.30 ± 0.09 m·s -1 (400 m-5:08 minutes:seconds). The speed at LT (1.08 ± 0.02 m·s-1; 83.1 ± 2.2 %S-400) was lower than the speed at MLSS (1.14 ± 0.02 m·s-1; 87.5 ± 1.9 %S-400). Maximal lactate steady state occurred at 26 ± 10% of the difference between the speed at LT and S-400. Mean blood lactate values at the speeds corresponding to LT and MLSS were 2.45 ± 1.13 mmol·L-1 and 4.30 ± 1.32 mmol·L-1, respectively. The present findings demonstrate that the range of intensity zones between LT and MLSS (i.e., heavy domain) and between MLSS and S-400 (i.e., severe domain) are very narrow in swimming with LT occurring at 83% S-400 in trained swimmers. Precision and sensitivity of the measurement of aerobic indexes (i.e., LT and MLSS) should be considered when conducting exercise training and testing in swimming. © 2013 National Strength and Conditioning Association.

Craniometria em cães (Canis familiaris). Aspectos em crânios mesaticéfalos

In this study, a total of 25 skulls of the adult, mongrel and mesaticephalics dogs were used. Craniometric measurements for different parts of the skull were made. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated. Certain points and landmarks on the skull are recognized in making linear measurements and are inion, bregma, nasion, prosthion, pogonion, basion, euryon, and zygion. Skull height (41,92 mm ± 3,9), skull length (177,72 mm ± 16,22), neurocranium (96,84 mm ± 7,25), viscerocranial (79,24 mm ± 8,72), basal length (140,24 mm ± 12,21), condylobasal (149,32 mm ± 12,21), snout (69,84 mm ± 7,07), nasals (50,08 mm ± 6,77), mandibular (129,88 mm ± 16,3), and of palatal (76,84 mm ± 7,01); width of neurocranium (62,24 mm ± 3,8), and zygomatic (95,44 mm ± 7,85) were obtained. Therefore, were calculated cranial index (53,83 mm ± 3,36), neurocranium (64,48 mm ± 4,69), facial (121,06 mm ± 9,18), basal (44,64 mm ± 4,17), width of the jugular processes (41 mm ± 4,2), of occipital condyles (35,48 mm ± 3,21), and of the foramen magnum (17,48 mm ± 2,27); height of the occipital triangle (38,28 mm ± 3,35), of the foramen magnum (14,36 mm ± 1,07); length of the dorsal notch (16,1 mm ± 1,12), and foramen magnum index (83,71 mm ± 14,44). Although with some differences in measurements, no significant difference was observed between the dimensions and reported to mesaticephalic skulls.

Chemical characterization and acaricide potential of essential oil from aerial parts of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) against engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is one of the most widely distributed species of tick. In dogs, it can cause anemia and provide the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms such as Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma platys, and Mycoplasma haemocanis. To man, it can transmit the intracellular parasites Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia conorii, the causative agents of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Americas and Mediterranean and spotted fever in Europe and North Africa. Its control is performed by applying synthetic formulations composed of pyrethroids; however, continued use of these products results in environmental damage and acquisition of resistance. Alternatively, studies with botanical insecticides have been increasingly recurrent. Therefore, this study aimed to test the efficacy of essential oil of Tagetes patula, a ruderal species widely described in the literature for its insecticidal properties, in engorged females of R. sanguineus by the adults immersion test (AIT) and impregnated paper disk test (IPDT). The essential oil used, through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of 55 compounds, being the 4-vinyl guaiacol and gamma terpinene the majority ones. The AIT compared to the IPDT was more efficient in inhibiting oviposition of tick; however, the eggs laid by the females submitted to saturated atmosphere with essential oil, from IPDT, not hatched, interrupted their development cycle. Besides being a pioneer work, the results presented here contributes to new researches, aiming the incorporation of essential oil in an acaricide for use in the environment. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Efeitos do tratamento com formalina e sulfato de cobre sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e parasitos monogenéticos em juvenis de Hemigrammus sp. (Osteichthyes: Characidae)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of formalin and copper sulphate to control monogeneans in juvenile Hemigrammus sp and its effect on leukocyte count. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. All treatments lasted for three days and consisted of: T1, control; T2 and T3 immersion bath for one hour in formalin, an of two concentrations of 0.25 ml formalin and the other 0.1 ml L-1; the T4 bath for 24 hours with 0,025 ml of formalin-L-1; and T5, bath 24 hours with copper sulphate (0.3 mg L-1). After the experimental period was observed that T2, 100% mortality. The T3 and T5 provided 100% efficiency, however, fish presented mortalities and intoxication of the 66 and 80% respectively. T4 showed an efficacy of 77.7% and decrease in parasitological indices: total number of parasites of11, 3 ± 9, mean infection intensity of 3.2 ± 2 and a prevalence of 47.1%. As the leukocytes was observed that at T3, T4 and T5 occurred differences in the proportion of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils as compared to control. The CuSO4 and formalin reduce the parasite load, but presented to be toxic at higher concentrations.

Plasma-polymerized acetylene nanofilms modified by nitrogen ion implantation

Thin films were prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) from a mixture of acetylene and argon, and post deposition-treated by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The effect of PIII on the nanofilms properties was evaluated as a function of treatment time. The average thickness and roughness were diminished upon PIII. On the other hand, hardness (0.7-3.9 GPa) and elastic modulus (29-54 GPa) increased upon 60 min of ion bombardment. Such results are ascribed mainly to the densification of the film structure caused by the increment in the crosslinking degree with increasing the energy deposited in the films. Wettability of the samples, investigated by contact angle measurements, was reduced (from 64 to 21°) right after PIII. This result, attributed to the introduction of polar groups in the film structure, was not preserved as the sample was aged in atmosphere. After aging, contact angles were larger than 70° but still smaller than 90°. Although the wettability has decreased with aging, the hydrophilic character of the samples was preserved. For certain treatment times, nitrogen PIII turned the plasma-polymerized acetylene films smoother, denser, mechanically and tribologicaly more resistant than the as-deposited material. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

New species of Tenuipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Semidecidual Forest remnants in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Respostas metabólicas e da técnica de nado durante o exercício realizado na velocidade correspondente à máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo determinada de forma contínua e intermitente

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito agudo do alongamento estatístico na curva força-tempo isométrica de idosas em exercício mono e multiarticular

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Avaliação das características seminais e criopreservação do sêmen de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriforme pimelodidae)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

Proposta de metodologia para o gerenciamento de fonte radioativa e estimativa de dose efeiva em pacientes submetidos à terapia com iodeto de sódio I-131

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo residual reciclado e realização de testes comparativos com outros tipos de biodiesel e proporções de mistura em um moto-gerador

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Avaliação dos parâmetros espermáticos e caracterização do perfil bioquímico do plasma seminal de cães (Canis familiaris – LINNAEUS, 1758) com hiperplasia prostática benigna, tratados com toxina botulínica A

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da eficácia do firocoxib em comparação à fenilbutazona na sinovite induzida por lipopolissacarídeo em equinos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação, in vitro, da atividade antibacteriana, liberação de fluoreto e capacidade de recarga de cimentos de ionômero de vidro para base forradora

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Irradiação e refrigeração na conservação de bananas prata e nanica climatizadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)