Seeder-fertilizer machine: energetic demand as a function of vegetal covering handling and manure deposition shank depth in no-tillage system

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a demanda energética de uma semeadora-adubadora, em função do tipo e manejo da cultura de cobertura vegetal e da profundidade da haste de deposição de adubo. Foi utilizado um trator Valtra BM100, instrumentado, para tracionar uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão equipada com quatro fileiras de semeadura espaçadas de 0,9 m para cultura de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em parcelas subsubdivididas, na área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola (LAMMA) da UNESP-Jaboticabal, utilizando duas culturas de cobertura (mucuna-preta e crotalária), três manejos dessas coberturas, sendo dois mecânicos (triturador de palhas e rolo-faca) e um químico (pulverização com herbicida), realizados 120 dias após a semeadura das culturas de cobertura e três profundidades da haste de deposição do adubo (0,11; 0,14 e 0,17 m), perfazendo 18 tratamentos, com quatro repetições, totalizando 72 observações. Foram avaliados os parâmetros velocidade de deslocamento, patinagem, força na barra de tração, força de pico, potência na barra de tração, potência de pico e consumo de combustível. Pôde-se concluir que a força na barra de tração foi menor para as profundidades de 0,11 e 0,14 m da haste sulcadora de adubo, o mesmo ocorrendo para força de pico, potência na barra de tração e consumo volumétrico. O consumo específico foi menor na profundidade de 0,17 m da haste sulcadora de adubo. As culturas de cobertura e seus manejos não interferiram no desempenho das máquinas estudadas.

Alterações dos atributos químicos do solo e resposta da soja à cobertura vegetal e à calagem superficial na implantação do sistema de semeadura direta

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Inventário da cobertura vegetal das fazendas Lageado e Edgardia - Botucatu SP - no período de 36 anos, com utilização de imagens de sensoriamento remoto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Dinâmica da ocupação do solo bacia do Rio Itiquira, Mato Grosso, Brasil

The study area corresponds to the basin of the Itiquira river high course, totalling 5,361km2. In this area a study of the environmental dynamics was made, applying SIG techniques and satellite images of the years 1966, 1985 and 1996. In 1966 the areas of natural vegetation (forests and groves) occupied 90.64% of the total of the area, which was diminished to 60.57% in 1985 and to only 36.66% in 1996. In this process, 289,382ha of a total of 485,928ha of natural vegetal covering had been lost. At the same time, the agrarian surfaces (agriculture and pasture) that occupied only 0.52% of the total area in 1966, increased to 34.89% in 1985 and to 59.04% in 1996. In 30 years there was an increase of 313,725ha of cultivated lands, corresponding to about 113 times the land occupation of the year of 1966 (2,798ha). The areas classified as urban show a gradual increase since 1966, from 39ha in 1996 to 58ha in 1985, and to 178ha in 1996. The other classes of soil use and occupation (reforestement areas, uncovered and affected by fire and humid areas) added were smaller than 4,27% in 1996.

Efeito de resíduos vegetais de milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e da calagem em algumas propriedades físicas e químicas de um nitossolo vermelho em sistema de semeadura direta

This work studied alterations of physical properties of a distroferric red nitosol due to millet (Pennisetum americanum) covering, with or without liming, in a no-tillage system during the agricultural years of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001, using soybean and corn as culture succession. 6m×10m plots, with and without millet as vegetal covering, received only one initial superficial application of limestone, 3.1 t ha-1 in the first half of each plot in order to obtain 70% base saturation (V), after the desiccation of the millet. Some physical properties as soil density, aggregate stability, > 2 mm aggregate proportion, macro and micro porosity were analyzed whereas the chemical analysis determined Ca and Mg macro nutrients, organic matter, soil pH and H+Al. Millet vegetal residues and surface liming did not alter soil density nor the average weight diameter (AWD), > 2 mm aggregate, soil macro porosity and organic matter content, twenty-four months after the no-tillage system implantation for studied experimental conditions. Soil micro porosity was significantly affected in layers deeper than 0.20 m, in treatment with millet and limestone. Calcium, magnesium and H + Al contents and the soil pH values suffered significant alterations in superficial layer, between 0-0.05 m.

Desempenho operacional de semeadora-adubadora em diferentes manejos da cobertura e da velocidade

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção de Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum com milho e adubação nitrogenada

In places characterized with high temperatures and rain occurrence in great intensity in the summer, but with dry winter, the major limitations for the sustainability of no tillage systems are low production of straw during fall-spring period and the fast decomposition during the rain season. To try to solve the problem, intercropped cultures of grains with forage species has presented reliable results; because offer vegetal covering to the next sowing, giving sustainability to the no tillage system. However, being a recent technology, its needed further studies in different areas involved for this system of production. Thus, this study had the objective 1) to evaluate the production of corn grain at different periods of intercropping with Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum in no tillage system, and 2) aimed to evaluate the performance of forage at different periods of intercropping and the responses to nitrogen fertilization after the harvest of the corn, assessing mass productivity and quality. The experiment was carried out at the Lageado experimental farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu campus belonged to São Paulo State University (UNESP) in structuralized Red Nitosol (Afisol). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were composed for four systems of no tillage involving corn: 1) single corn; 2) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped in the sowing; 3) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped with the fertilization of covering; 4) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped in the sowing and 5) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped with the fertilization of covering. After the harvest of the corn, it was applied, in equivalent quantities of nitrogen, ammonium nitrate in covering in doses of 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1, determining the forage mass productivity and quality. The simultaneous tillage of corn with P. maximum cv. Mombaça in the sowing compromises the grain productivity. When sowed in intercropping, B. brizantha presents a fiber concentration reduction and greater TDN concentration during the fall-spring period. Regarding benefits of intercropped cultures seeking to use in systems of production like agriculture-pasture integration, the best intercropping to be utilized is corn sown simultaneously with B. brizantha cv. Marandu.

Dinâmica da paisagem do município de Cubatão: Crescimento entre portos, indústrias e a Serra do Mar

With more than 60% of its territory under environmental protection, the city of Cubatão shelters the Industrial Pole and is located midway of two great metropolitan regions of State of São Paulo: Grande São Paulo and Baixada Santista. Both the implantation of industries and the construction of highways stimulated a process of migration and irregular occupation of the territory, with significant loss of the original vegetal covering of Atlantic Forest, in addition to pollution of water resources and the soil. The present work analyzed the dynamics of the landscape of a stretch of the city of Cubatão, associated to the Highway System Anchietas-Imigrantes, on the basis of economic cycles and regional public policies, aiming at helping the urban and environmental planning of coastal cities. We used a temporal series of air photographs of five decades and bibliographical surveys on the description of the region occupation. A non planned urban expansion for the city was evidenced, closely related with regional economic cycles and road building, directed to areas adjacent to highways and railroads, marshland and flooded plains landfills and mounts hillsides, including areas near Serra do Mar State Park. One suggests that the questions of environmental and urban planning of coastal cities are dealt with in the regional domain and in a participative way on the basis of studies of economic expansion and tourist activities in Baixada Santista, guaranteeing the maintenance of the remainders of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo coast.

Regionalização do território de Tambaú (SP) em microbacias hidrográficas e técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial como insumos a gestão governamental

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Sistema plantio direto: avaliação de semeadora em função do manejo da palhada e velocidade de trabalho na cultura da soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Qualidade ambiental urbana em Guararapes - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Integração agricultura-pecuária do milho consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha em sistema de plantio direto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento do sistema radicular do milheto (Pennisetum americanum L.) em duas classes de solo em densidade e diferentes profundidades da camada compactada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Compartimentação do meio físico, evolução morfológica e aspectos morfotectônicos em São Thomé das Letras (MG)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A dinâmica do uso da terra e sua interferência na morfohidrografia da Bacia do Arroio Santa Bárbara - Pelotas (RS)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)