Balanço de nitrogênio e digestão total da proteína e da energia de rações contendo farelo de algodão, levedura de cana-de-açúcar ou uréia, em ovinos

Twenty-one lambs averaging 21 kg of live weight fed isoproteic diets based on Rhodes grass hay, ground corn and one of the following protein sources cottonseed meal, urea or sugar cane yeast was used to evaluate the total protein and energy digestibilities and the N balance. The protein digestibilities were 63.4; 68.8 and 62.2% and the energy digestibilities were 58.8; 63.7 and 63.3% for diets with cottonseed meal, urea, and sugarcane yeast, respectively. The daily crude protein intake were 76.2: 72.7 and 69.7 g/day and of gross energy 231.9; 237.6 and 232.1 cal/kg(0.75)/day, for diets with cottonseed meal, urea, and sugarcane yeast, respectively. The results of nitrogen balance and absorbed nitrogen did not show effects of the nitrogen sources being obtained 0.046; 0.112 and -0.081 g/kg(0.75)/day and 7.73; 7.99 and 6.94 g/day for diets with cottonseed meal, urea. and sugarcane yeast, respectively. The utilization of cottonseed meal decreased the energy digestibility in relation to diets with urea or sugarcane yeast, but the nitrogen balance did not show substantial effect of the nitrogen sources.

Disponibilidade e absorção de aminoácidos em bovinos alimentados com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados

Objetivou-se estudar o fluxo e a absorção de aminoácidos em bovinos alimentados com dietas isoprotéicas formuladas com diferentes fontes nitrogenadas. As dietas foram fornecidas a bezerros holandeses canulados no abomaso, com 8 meses de idade e peso médio de 187 kg, em um total de 21 animais escolhidos aleatoriamente para formar o grupo que constituiu as repetições experimentais (sete por tratamento). As dietas experimentais foram constituídas de 40% de volumoso e 60% de concentrado. Como volumoso, utilizou-se feno de capim-de-rhodes e, no concentrado, utilizaram-se milho, farelo de algodão, levedura, uréia, melaço e minerais. As dietas diferiram apenas quanto à fonte nitrogenada (farelo de algodão, levedura ou uréia). As quantidades (g/dia) de aminoácidos no abomaso e a composição em aminoácidos da proteína presente no abomaso e nas fezes foram influenciadas pela fonte protéica da dieta. As fontes nitrogenadas não afetaram significativamente a digestão de aminoácidos no intestino. A disponibilidade de aminoácidos no abomaso e a absorção no intestino apresentaram valores inferiores aos descritos na literatura, provavelmente porque, neste trabalho, os animais foram submetidos à restrição de ingestão. As fontes nitrogenadas testadas influenciaram a composição e a disponibilidade de aminoácidos em bovinos.

Sub-Optimal Orbital Maneuvers for Artificial Satellites

The determination of a specific orbit and the procedure to calculate orbital maneuvers of artificial satellites are problems of extreme importance in the study of orbital mechanics. Therefore, the transferring problem of a spaceship from one orbit to another, and the attention due to this subject has in increased during the last years. Many applications can be found in several space activities, for example, to put a satellite in a geostationary orbit, to change the position of a spaceship, to maintain a specific satellite's orbit, in the design of an interplanetary mission, and others. The Brazilian Satellite SCD-1 (Data Collecting Satellite) will be used as example in this paper. It is the first satellite developed entirely in Brazil, and it remains in operation to this date. SCD-1 was designed, developed, built, and tested by Brazilian scientists, engineers, and technicians working at INPE (National Institute for Space Research, and in Brazilian Industries. During the lifetime, it might be necessary do some complementary maneuvers, being this one either an orbital transferring, or just to make periodical corrections. The purpose of transferring problem is to change the position, velocity and the satellite's mass to a new pre determined state. This transfer can be totally linked (in the case of "Rendezvous") or partially free (free time, free final velocity, etc). In the global case, the direction, the orientation and the magnitude of the thrust to be applied must be chosen, respecting the equipment's limit. In order to make this transferring, either sub-optimal or optimal maneuvers may be used. In the present study, only the sub-optimal will be shown. Hence, this method will simplify the direction of thrust application, to allow a fast calculation that may be used in real time, with a very fast processing. The thrust application direction to be applied will be assumed small and constant, and the purpose of this paper is to find the time interval that the thrust is applied. This paper is basically divided into three parts: during the first one the sub-optimal maneuver is explained and detailed, the second presents the Satellite SCD-1, and finally the last part shows the results using the sub-optimal maneuver applied to the Brazilian Satellite.

Pós-graduação stricto sensu em anestesiologia: experiência de dez anos na UNESP

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O número de Programas de Pós-Graduação em Anestesiologia stricto sensu existente no país ainda é muito pequeno. Com a finalidade de incentivar a pós-graduação em Anestesiologia no Brasil, é apresentada a experiência acumulada em dez anos de atividades do programa da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). CONTEÚDO: O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anestesiologia stricto sensu da UNESP foi credenciado pela CAPES, desde a sua criação em 1994, nos Cursos de Mestrado e Doutorado. O Programa é desenvolvido em três Áreas de Concentração: Risco e Proteção de Órgãos e Sistemas em Anestesia e Cirurgia; Qualidade e Segurança em Anestesiologia; e Modelos Clínicos e Experimentais em Terapia Antálgica, com as suas respectivas linhas de pesquisa, em número de 14. O número de alunos regulares do Programa é compatível com o número de orientadores (12), com proporção média de três alunos por orientador. Desde o seu início até setembro de 2004, ocorreram 45 Dissertações de Mestrado e 24 de Doutorado, perfazendo 69 defesas, a maioria com bolsas e financiamentos de Órgãos de Fomento à Pesquisa. Após a conclusão do doutorado, 65% dos alunos têm atividade de docência e pesquisa em instituições públicas e privadas do ensino universitário do país. A maioria das publicações do programa tem sido realizada em revistas nacionais com Qualis A, com menor número de publicações em revistas internacionais Qualis A ou B. O programa recebeu da CAPES o conceito 4,0 numa escala de 1 a 7, em suas três últimas avaliações. CONCLUSÕES: O programa tem se desenvolvido muito bem nos 10 anos de sua existência, alcançando os principais objetivos, como a formação de professores e pesquisadores na área de Anestesiologia para as instituições universitárias do país.

Correlação entre a degradação in vitro e digestibilidade in vivo de feno de duas gramíneas tropicais

Realizou-se um estudo para comparar a técnica de degradação in vitro e digestibilidade in vivo, para a qual foram utilizados oito ovinos capões que receberam feno de capim-de-rhodes (Chloris gayana Kunt.) e capim-green panic (Panicum maximum Jacq. var. Trichoglume cv. Petrie),em quatro estágios de maturação. No estudo da digestibilidade in vivo não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os diferentes coeficientes de digestibilidade dos alimentos. Para a degradação in vitro da fibra em detergente neutro com 24 a 48 horas, não houve diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) para os mesmos nutrientes. Determinaram-se as equações de regressão e os coeficientes de correlação. Os valores de r foram considerados de médios a elevados, e os erros padrões da estimativa, satisfatórios a elevados. O maior valor de correlação foi obtido entre a taxa de degradação relativa de 24 a 48 horas, e o teor de NDT das forragens (r= 0,84), com erro-padrão da estimativa satisfatório (Sy’x = 3,92).

Effect of air temperature and humidity on ingestive behaviour of sheep

Thirty-two Polwarth ewes, of ages up to 1 year, were observed in a climatic chamber (24 to 45° C) for eight periods of 5 h each. The observations were made through a window in the chamber wall. All animals were observed four times, then shorn and observed four times again. The animals were given weighed quantities of water and feed consisting of commercial concentrate plus Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. The water and feed remaining after 5 h of observation were weighed. The following traits were analysed: time eating hay (TEH), time eating concentrate (TEC), time drinking water (TDW), weight of hay eaten (WHE), weight of concentrate eaten (WCE), volume of ingested water (VIW), ruminating time standing up (RTS), ruminating time lying down (RTL), idling time standing up (ITS), and idling time lying down (ITL). Shearing had a significant effect for all traits except ITS. Shearing resulted in higher values for all traits except for ITS and ITL. Ingestion of hay (TEH and WHE) decreased with increased air temperature and humidity, while the ingestion of concentrate (TEC) and WHE) and water (TDW and VIW) increased. Rumination decreased with increased air temperature and humidity, and was higher in shorn than in unshorn sheep. © 1992 International Society of Biometeorology.

Efeitos nutricionais da substituição parcial do farelo de soja por uréia, em dieta de ovinos. Comparação da digestibilidade aparente e balanço de nitrogênio com a cinética do metabolismo da 15N-glicina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and mutagenic potentials of Isatin

Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is a chemical found in various medicinal plant species and responsible for a broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological properties that may be beneficial to human health, as an anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and apoptotic effects of isatin on CHO-K1 and HeLa cells using the MTT viability assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), micronucleus (MN) test, apoptosis index, and nuclear division index (NDI). The 5 isatin concentrations evaluated in the mutagenicity and apoptosis tests were 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 50 μM, selected through a preliminary MTT assay. Positive (doxorubicin, DXR) and negative (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) control groups were also included in the analysis. Isatin did not exert a mutagenic effect on CHO-K1 after 3 and 24 h of treatment or on HeLa cells after 24 h. However, 10 and 50 μM concentrations inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in both CHO-K1 and HeLa cells. Data indicate that the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiproliferative effects of isatin were concentration independent and cell line independent. The authors thank Profa Dra Eiko Nakagawa Itano for the use the spectrophotometer and the Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico for master's scholarships to P. M. Cândido-Bacani and grants to T. R. Calvo, W. Vilegas, E. A. Varanda and I. M. S. Cólus. The Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico provided funding for this study. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Análise da produção acadêmica constante no banco de teses da Capes segundo o assunto educação de surdos (2005-2009)

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Intercâmbios acadêmicos matemáticos entre EUA e Brasil: uma globalização do saber

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tendências e perspectivas da produção acadêmica sobre a temática educação de surdos: mapeamento da produção

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Visibilidade dos pesquisadores no GT7 da ANCIB: um estudo de cocitações

This research aims at analyzing the researchers with major insertion and impact within the GT7 ENANCIB community, through an analysis study of citation and co-citation from 2003 to 2010. We propose to highlight the researchers cited in a greater number of papers, as well as the number of citations received. Also, to describe the co-citation network intending to analyze the interlocution network built by the writers towards the cited ones and calculate the indicators of density and centrality of the network. As for the theoretical-methodological basis, we used the Domain Analysis (D.A.), seen as the reflexion of a discourse community. Among the 11 approaches about D.A, the bibliometric studies stand out. Data from the 124 researches presented in the period of this study showed 1446 cited researches for a total of 2307 citations. From the total number of cited researchers in a greater number of papers, 33 were considered authors of major impact and visibility, being cited in at least 8 papers, thus getting at least 8 citations. The software Ucinet was used to map and visualize the net of interlocution established by the citing papers. As for the results, we could notice that, from the total of 33 researchers, 23 are Brazilian, 20 take part in Post-Graduation Programs and 11 are granted CNPq scholarships of productivity. Furthermore, we highlighted the most cited themes and analyzed the relationship involving the number of citations according to the number of papers in which the researcher was cited and the number of researches cited from each researcher. Regarding the network structure, we could observe that the authors form a single component, indicating that the group of researchers co-cited reveals proximity and theoretical, conceptual and methodological articulations. We concluded that the citing community adopts ordinary theoretical schools; moreover, we might characterize the core of the known researchers as a foundation for the knowledge of the GT7 theme.

3D osteoarthritic changes in TMJ condylar morphology correlates with specific systemic and local biomarkers of disease

Objective: To assess 3D morphological variations and local and systemic biomarker profiles in subjects with a diagnosis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA).Design: Twenty-eight patients with long-term TMJ OA (39.9 +/- 16 years), 12 patients at initial diagnosis of OA (47.4 +/- 16.1 years), and 12 healthy controls (41.8 +/- 12.2 years) were recruited. All patients were female and had cone beam CT scans taken. TMJ arthrocentesis and venipuncture were performed on 12 OA and 12 age-matched healthy controls. Serum and synovial fluid levels of 50 biomarkers of arthritic inflammation were quantified by protein microarrays. Shape Analysis MANCOVA tested statistical correlations between biomarker levels and variations in condylar morphology.Results: Compared with healthy controls, the OA average condyle was significantly smaller in all dimensions except its anterior surface, with areas indicative of bone resorption along the articular surface, particularly in the lateral pole. Synovial fluid levels of ANG, GDF15, TIMP-1, CXCL16, MMP-3 and MMP-7 were significantly correlated with bone apposition of the condylar anterior surface. Serum levels of ENA-78, MMP-3, PAI-1, VE-Cadherin, VEGF, GM-CSF, TGF beta b1, IFN gamma g, TNF alpha a, IL-1 alpha a, and IL-6 were significantly correlated with flattening of the lateral pole. Expression levels of ANG were significantly correlated with the articular morphology in healthy controls.Conclusions: Bone resorption at the articular surface, particularly at the lateral pole was statistically significant at initial diagnosis of TMJ OA. Synovial fluid levels of ANG, GDF15, TIMP-1, CXCL16, MMP-3 and MMP-7 were correlated with bone apposition. Serum levels of ENA-78, MMP-3, PAI-1, VE-Cadherin, VEGF, GM-CSF, TGF beta 1, IFN gamma, TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 were correlated with bone resorption. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.

Parcerias entre municípios paulistas e entidades privadas com fins lucrativos para a oferta de educação infantil: análise dos instrumentos jurídicos adotados

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Educação sexual e autonomia: estudo de uma intervenção com alunos do ensino médio do interior do estado de São Paulo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)