Morphological regional differences of epithelial cells along the midgut in Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) larvae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geographical variation in genetic structure of an Atlantic Coastal Forest frog reveals regional differences in habitat stability

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da atratividade do sorriso em função de enquadramento fotográfico, diferença regional, nível de conhecimento dos avaliadores e variações das normas estéticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A morphometric study of the midgut in resistant and non-resistant Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to its nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Community structure of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in Cerrado streams of Paraguay, Paraná, and São Francisco river basins

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Levantamentos epidemiológicos em saúde bucal: análise da metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde

Os levantamentos epidemiológicos são importantes para o conhecimento da prevalência e tipologia das doenças bucais, podendo-se a partir dos dados coletados, planejar, executar e avaliar ações de saúde. É necessário, no entanto, que haja rigor metodológico que garanta reprodutibilidade, validade e confiabilidade, e que haja uniformidade de procedimentos para permitir comparações nacionais e internacionais. A iniciativa da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) na assessoria à realização de levantamentos tem se mostrado extremamente útil, estimulando o estabelecimento de padrões de procedimentos que podem ser utilizados em todos os países. em 1991 foi publicada a edição em português da terceira edição do Oral Health Surveys - basic methods, de 1987, um manual que objetiva fornecer instruções para a realização de levantamentos epidemiológicos e tal publicação passou a servir de base a estudos realizados em diversos locais do Brasil e do mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho, é analisar criticamente a metodologia para Levantamento Epidemiológico em Saúde Bucal da OMS, na tentativa de contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da mesma. de acordo com a presente análise, foram encontrados pontos relevantes para consideração, referentes à amostragem, à calibração dos examinadores e aos critérios para a avaliação de saúde bucal e necessidades de tratamento. Concluiu-se, em nível de recomendação, que, devido ao caráter dinâmico do conhecimento científico e, levando-se em consideração as diferenças regionais com relação ao padrão de desenvolvimento das doenças bucais, as propostas de padronização de levantamentos devem ser periodicamente revisadas. É provável, ainda, que outros pontos importantes não tenham sido detectados nesta análise, tornando-se premente ampliar esta discussão para toda a comunidade odontológica.

Differential regulation of the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and of eicosanoids by mast cells in rat airways after antigen challenge

Background: Rat trachea display a differential topographical distribution of connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) and mucosal mast cells (MMC) that may imply regional differences in the release of allergic mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and eicosanoids.Aim: To evaluate the role of CTMC and MMC for release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids after allergenic challenge in distinct segments of rat trachea.Materials and methods: Proximal trachea ( PT) and distal trachea (DT) from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats, treated or not with compound 48/80 ( 48/80) or dexamethasone, were incubated in culture medium. After OVA challenge, aliquots were collected to study release of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids.Results: Release of TNF-alpha by PT upon OVA challenge peaked at 90 min and decayed at 6 and 24 h. Release from DT peaked at 30-90 min and decayed 6 and 24 h later. When CTMC were depleted with 48/80, OVA challenge exacerbated the TNF-alpha release by PT at all time intervals, while DT exacerbated TNF-alpha levels 6 and 24 h later only. Dexamethasone reduced TNF-alpha production after 90 min of OVA challenge in PT and at 3 and 6h in DT. OVA challenge increased prostaglandin D-2 in DT and leukotriene B-4 in both segments but did not modify prostaglandin E-2 and leukotriene C-4 release.Conclusion: OVA challenge induces TNF-alpha release from MMC, which is negatively regulated by CTMC. The profile of TNF-alpha and eicosanoids depends on the time after OVA challenge and of the tracheal segment considered.

Global and diffuse solar irradiances in urban and rural areas in southeast Brazil

The seasonal evolution of daily and hourly values of global and diffuse solar radiation at the surface are compared for the cities of São Paulo and Botucatu, both located in Southeast Brazil and representative of urban and rural areas, respectively. The comparisons are based on measurements of global and diffuse solar irradiance carried out at the surface during a six year simultaneous period in these two cities. Despite the similar latitude and altitude, the seasonal evolution of daily values indicate that São Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 7.8% less global irradiance in August and 5.1% less in June than Botucatu. on the other hand, São Paulo receives, during clear sky days, 3.6% more diffuse irradiance in August and 15.6% more in June than Botucatu. The seasonal variation of the diurnal cycle confirms these differences and indicates that they are more pronounced during the afternoon. The regional differences are related to the distance from the Atlantic Ocean, systematic penetration of the sea breeze and daytime evolution of the particulate matter in São Paulo. An important mechanism controlling the spatial distribution of solar radiation, on a regional scale, is the sea breeze penetration in São Paulo, bringing moisture and maritime aerosol that in turn further increases the solar radiation scattering due to pollution and further reduces the intensity of the direct component of solar radiation at the surface. Surprisingly, under clear sky conditions the atmospheric attenuation of solar radiation in Botucatu during winter - the biomass burning period due to the sugar cane harvest - is equivalent to that at São Paulo City, indicating that the contamination during sugar cane harvest in Southeast Brazil has a large impact in the solar radiation field at the surface.

Diferenças regionais do cultivo de café no Brasil

Brazil is one of the major coffee producers in the world, because of this, the goal of this study was to assess the regional differences of coffee cultivation for the reference crops 2001/2002 and 2002/03 by means of a life cycle assessment (LCA) in order to generate detailed production inventory data as well as quantify the potential environmental impacts of this crop. All information considered in this study (use of water, fossil based energy, fertilizers, pesticides and correctives) was taken from data collected from the producing farms. Four Brazilian coffee producer regions located at the Southeastern region were evaluated: Sul de Minas Gerais and Cerrado Mineiro in Minas Gerais State, and Mogiana and Alta Paulista regions in São Paulo State. The data refer to a production of 25.2 million kg of green coffee. Depending on the considered region, the production of 1,000 kg of green coffee requires, on average, approx. 9,300 to 13,000 kg of total energy, 70 to 130 kg of diesel, 6,500 to 12,700 kg of process water, 270 to 340 kg of fertilizers (NPK), 2.0 to 13.0 kg of pesticides, 230 to 600 kg of correctives, and yield around 1,600 to 1,900 kg/ha. Despite 20% of the coffee growers showing a good environmental performance, i.e. consumption of pesticides, fertilizers and correctives lower than the regional averages, this study has also identified some farms that can probably reduce the amount of some inputs and enhance their environmental performance.

Phenological Changes in the Southern Hemisphere

Current evidence of phenological responses to recent climate change is substantially biased towards northern hemisphere temperate regions. Given regional differences in climate change, shifts in phenology will not be uniform across the globe, and conclusions drawn from temperate systems in the northern hemisphere might not be applicable to other regions on the planet. We conduct the largest meta-analysis to date of phenological drivers and trends among southern hemisphere species, assessing 1208 long-term datasets from 89 studies on 347 species. Data were mostly from Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), South America and the Antarctic/subantarctic, and focused primarily on plants and birds. This meta-analysis shows an advance in the timing of spring events (with a strong Australian data bias), although substantial differences in trends were apparent among taxonomic groups and regions. When only statistically significant trends were considered, 82% of terrestrial datasets and 42% of marine datasets demonstrated an advance in phenology. Temperature was most frequently identified as the primary driver of phenological changes; however, in many studies it was the only climate variable considered. When precipitation was examined, it often played a key role but, in contrast with temperature, the direction of phenological shifts in response to precipitation variation was difficult to predict a priori. We discuss how phenological information can inform the adaptive capacity of species, their resilience, and constraints on autonomous adaptation. We also highlight serious weaknesses in past and current data collection and analyses at large regional scales (with very few studies in the tropics or from Africa) and dramatic taxonomic biases. If accurate predictions regarding the general effects of climate change on the biology of organisms are to be made, data collection policies focussing on targeting data-deficient regions and taxa need to be financially and logistically supported. © 2013 Chambers et al.

Variações regionais e efeitos da castração nos lobos dorsal e ventral da próstata do gerbilo da Mongólia (Meriones unguiculatus)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação para saúde sob a ótica da televisão digital e sua interatividade

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

Pesquisa do Mycobacterium sp. em uma população soropositiva para o HIV-1 do Noroeste Paulista

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia - IBILCE

O dualismo partidário no período de 1966 a 1982 e sua representação local

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Níveis de substâncias tóxicas persistentes (PTS) em sangue de parturientes de sete áreas selecionadas do Estado de São Paulo - Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)