23 resultados para Peasant territory
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The expansion of agrofuel crops challenges us to rethink policies, territories, human agency, and the paradigms used to explain them. In Brazil, policies supporting the expansion of agrofuel crops and the intensification of agrofuel production are reorganising rural land use and undermining some forms of participation in the capitalist and family modes of production. To reflect on this new reality, we study peasant movement reactions, proposals, and territorial disputes with agribusiness. Using the Pontal do Paranapanema region of São Paulo state as a case in point, the paper analyses territorial disputes between expanding sugarcane plantations and agrarian reform settlements as well as biodiesel production projects developed by the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and the Western São Paulo Federation of Settlement and Family Farmer Associations (FAAFOP). It also analyses the agrofuel policies of other peasant organisations, including Via Campesina. The production of agrofuels has changed the processes of land acquisition and use by both agribusiness and the peasantry, provoking new insights into the nature of territorial conflicts and thereby stimulating the need to revise perspectives on the agrarian question in Brazil.
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Comparison of the histories of three leading peasant organizations in the Pontal do Paranapanema region of Brazil-the Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) from 1945 to 1964, the Confederacao Nacional de Trabalhadores na Agricultura (CONTAG) from 1964 to 1984, and the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST) from 1984 to 2004-suggests that continuity is as important as change in understanding Brazilian peasant movements. The MST has been considered a "new social movement" in that it has eschewed partisan politics, incorporated families as members rather than just male heads of household, had a national scope and a participatory decision-making structure, and been attuned to the international struggle over globalization. Placing it in historical perspective makes it clear, however, that this is not the first time that militants have organized around the concept of peasants as a political identity; that while the representation of peasants in the leadership of contemporary rural labor organizations may be greater than in the past, earlier peasant leaders also struggled on behalf of their class; that earlier peasant organizations had, if not a national presence, a substantial presence in the agricultural states of the time; and that attempts at international organization to unite peasant struggles around the globe are not entirely new. This is not to deny the innovative features of contemporary movements but to suggest that the investigation of past achievements will contribute to a fuller appreciation of these movements' conditions and prospects.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Heterotermes tenuis is an important economic pest in São Paulo state. Foraging populations of three field colonies of H. tenuis located on a University campus (UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) were characterized. Foraging populations of H. tenuis colonies were calculated using four cycles of a mark-release-recapture program with a weighted mean method. The foraging population sizes of three colonies: A, B and C were 389,313±14,907; 265,589 ±12,635; and 641,600∓12,127; respectively. Foraging biomasses were 0.77 kg in the colony A, 0.51 kg in the colony B and 1.17 kg in colony C. Mean worker biomass was approximately 1.9 mg. Foraging territories occupied an area ranging from 70 m2 to 131 m2 per colony. The maximum linear foraging distance traveled by H. tenuis was 28m.
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The objective of this paper is to identify the main definitions, related practices and to point out future directions in green supply chain management (GSCM). After a literature review and systematisation of the published articles in this field, it was possible to identify: a) the main research objectives of analysed papers; b) the research methods adopted; c) the predominantly analysed industrial sectors; d) the GSCM practices considered by the researchers. Results are presented in each of these analytical perspectives. The main findings are: 1) there are various classifications, nomenclatures and types of GSCM practices, but the most commonly used by studies in GSCM are cleaner production, product design, reverse logistic and green purchasing; 2) from the highlighted definitions, the tonic is to adapt operating activities and incorporate the supply chain management philosophy (integration/ collaboration) to environmental concerns (impact reduction) in relations between links in the chain. These results can be useful for those interested in environmental management as well as supply chain management, considering the growing interest in GSCM. We also propose a research agenda on this subject. This is one of the most recent literature review and systematisation on green supply chain management. © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Nesta tese de livre-docência apresento uma reflexão crítica da trajetória de quatorze anos sobre nove temas da questão agrária. Neste tempo, no coletivo de pensamento do Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisas e Projetos de Reforma Agrária - NERA, produzimos um estilo de pensamento que chamamos de debate paradigmático, o sétimo tema desta tese, para fazer uma leitura do desenvolvimento territorial e suas conflitualidades, que são o quinto tema analiso. O primeiro tema é a própria questão agrária, explicando como velhos e novos elementos modificam a conjuntura sem abalar a estrutura. Um exemplo dessa tese são o latifúndio e o agronegócio analisados como o segundo tema. Outro exemplo estudado no quarto tema, são os conceitos de agricultura camponesa e agricultura familiar, que representam os mesmos sujeitos, mas que são vistos como diferentes pelo paradigmas da questão agrária e do capitalismo agrário. Para um aprofundamento do desenvolvimento territorial, proponho uma tipologia de territórios na perspectiva de superar o pensamento simples de entender o território como espaço de governança. Os movimentos socioespaciais e socioterritoriais são o sexto tema, onde procuro exemplificar com referencias do campo e da cidade. A estrangeirização da terra é o tema mais recente que tenho estudado, de modo que apresento minhas primeiras leituras a respeito deste novo elemento da questão agrária. E por fim, a luta pela terra e pela reforma agrária que são gerados e produtores da questão agrária. Minhas leituras foram construídas com a colaboração de uma equipe de pesquisadores do NERA e de outros grupos de pesquisa no Brasil e no exterior. Embora, este trabalho seja meu, não o teria realizado sem a contribuição de todos
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT