Loss of space and dental arch length after the loss of the lower first primary molar: A longitudinal study

The premature loss of primary teeth may harm the normal occlusal development, although there are debates relating to the necessity of using space maintainer appliances. The aim of the study is to evaluate the changes in the dental arch perimeter and the space reduction after the premature loss of the lower first primary molar in the mixed dentition stage. The sample consists of 4 lower arch plaster models of 31 patients, within the period of pre-extraction, 6, 12 and 18 months after the lower first primary molar extraction. A reduction of space was noted with the cuspid dislocation and the permanent incisors moving toward the space of the extraction site. It was concluded that the lower first molar primary premature loss, during the mixed dentition, implicates an immediate placement of a space maintainer.

Influence of cone-beam computed tomography image artifacts on the determination of dental arch measurements

Objective: To compare dental plaster model (DPM) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the measurement of the dental arches, and investigate whether CBCT image artifacts compromise the reliability of such measurements.Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of metallic restorations in the posterior teeth. Both dental arches of the patients were scanned with the CBCT unit i-CAT, and DPMs were obtained. Two examiners obtained eight arch measurements on the CBCT images and DPMs and repeated this procedure 15 days later. The arch measurements of each patient group were compared separately by the Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann-Whitney U) test, with a significance level of 5% (alpha = .05). Intraclass correlation measured the level of intraobserver agreement.Results: Patients with healthy teeth showed no significant difference between all DPM and CBCT arch measurements (P > .05). Patients with metallic restoration showed significant difference between DPM and CBCT for the majority of the arch measurements (P > .05). The two examiners showed excellent intraobserver agreement for both measuring methods with intraclass correlation coefficient higher than 0.95.Conclusion: CBCT provided the same accuracy as DPM in the measurement of the dental arches, and was negatively influenced by the presence of image artifacts.

Three-dimensional dental arch changes of patients submitted to orthodontic-surgical treatment for correction of Class II malocclusion

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influence of the banded Herbst appliance on dental changes in mixed dentition

OBJECTIVE: This prospective clinical study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the influence of the banded Herbst appliance on dental changes during the early treatment of Class II malocclusion. METHOD: The sample consisted of 15 prepubertal subjects (12 boys and 3 girls, initial age: 9 years and 6 months) who were treated with the Herbst appliance. Treatment effects were compared with those of a Class II Division 1 group of 15 subjects (8 boys and 7 girls, mean initial age 9 years and 1 month), not treated orthodontically. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test with 5% significance level. RESULTS: The results showed that treatment with the banded Herbst appliance in the mixed dentition stage tended to upright maxillary incisors (mean: 4.14°). The maxillary molars were distalized and intruded significantly (mean 2.65 mm and 1.24 mm, respectively), the lower incisors slightly protruded anteriorly (mean 1.64 mm) and the molars showed no significant changes in the horizontal and vertical directions. Furthermore, significant improvements were noted in overbite (1.26 mm), overjet (4.8 mm) and molar relationship (12.08 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the upper dental arch were found to be greater than changes in the lower arch. Furthermore, mandibular anchorage loss was reduced due to the anchorage system used in the study.

Dental arches multi-projection system with semantic descriptions

This paper presents the development of an multi-projection stereoscopic dental arches application with semantic descriptions. The first section presents the concepts of the used technologies. Applications and examples are demonstrated. Finally, is presented the physical structure and the developed system, where a 3D dental arch is used as a model and can be viewed in multi-projection, thereby, providing greater user's immersion. ©2010 IEEE.

Evaluation of transverse changes in the dental arches according to growth pattern: a longitudinal study

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Patients' expectation and satisfaction with removable dental prosthesis therapy and correlation with patients' evaluation of the dentists

Objective. Considering that patients' satisfaction is one of the most important goals in conducting removable dental prosthesis (RDP) therapy and the fact that there are many factors which influence this parameter, the present study aims to evaluate the expectation before and satisfaction after therapy with RDP in patients who seek such therapy. As a secondary objective, other variables that may be associated with patient satisfaction are also evaluated, such as gender, age, Kennedy's classification of the arch supporting the RDP, the number of RDP adjustments after delivery and patients' evaluation of the dentists' conduct. Materials and methods. A sample of 44 patients who received RDP therapy were assigned visual analog scale scores for their expectation before and satisfaction after therapy regarding chewing, aesthetics, comfort and phonetics. They also completed a questionnaire concerning the dentists' conduct. Results. There was no statistically significant difference among scores concerning different genders, age, number of post-delivery settings and arch involved in the RDP. Regarding patients' evaluation of the dentists' conduct, there was a predominance of positive evaluations, but only different answers to the statement (i.e. 'The dentist I saw thoroughly explained the recommended treatment before it commenced') present statistically significant different scores for chewing (p = 0.040) and phonetics (p = 0.046). Conclusions. The average visual analog scale scores were high for both expectation prior to treatment and satisfaction after treatment; however, the scores for expectations were higher than those for satisfaction. © 2013 Informa Healthcare.

A combination of clinical and microbiological management of generalized aggressive periodontitis in primary teeth. A case report

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 310316 Background. Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) in primary teeth is a rare periodontal disease that occurs during or soon after eruption of the primary teeth. An association with systemic diseases is a possibility. Case Report. A 4-year-old Brazilian girl presented with GAP involving the entire primary dentition. The patient and her parents and sister were subjected to microbiological testing to identify the microorganisms involved in the disease. The patient underwent tooth extraction to eradicate the disease and received a prosthesis for the restoration of masticatory function. After the permanent teeth erupted, fixed orthodontic appliances were place to restore dental arch form and occlusion. Conclusions. The results show the importance of an early diagnosis of GAP and of a multidisciplinary approach involving laboratory and clinical management to treat the disease and to restore masticatory function, providing a better quality of life for patients.

Distalização dos molares superiores com aparelho Pendex: estudo em modelos de gesso

OBJETIVO: a presente pesquisa clínica, longitudinal e prospectiva, avaliou os efeitos do aparelho Pendex mediante o emprego de modelos de gesso. METODOLOGIA: utilizou-se uma amostra de 30 modelos de gesso, obtidos no início e no final da distalização dos molares superiores com o aparelho Pendex, de 15 jovens brasileiros tratados no Curso de Pós-Graduação, nível de Mestrado em Ortodontia, da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba - UNESP. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os resultados mostraram aumento do perímetro do arco dentário superior com inclinação distal e controle transversal dos primeiros molares superiores.

Desgaste interproximal e suas implicações clínicas

INTRODUÇÃO: o alinhamento dentário correto, bem como sua estabilidade, representam objetivos importantes do tratamento ortodôntico. O apinhamento na região anterior é uma anomalia de posição dentária comum e para obter sua correção as opções clínicas disponíveis para o ortodontista são as extrações dentárias, a expansão do arco dentário ou os desgastes interproximais. Os desgastes freqüentemente são indicados, mas existem questionamentos quanto às indicações, técnicas e condições pré e pós-tratamento. OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma discussão, embasada na literatura pertinente, dos principais fatores envolvidos com este procedimento clínico.

Rapid palatal expansion: a comparison of two appliances

This study analyzed occlusal radiographs to compare the transverse changes produced in patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion using two types of appliances. The sample consisted of 31 children aged 7 to 10.6 years, of both genders, with posterior cross-bite. Fifteen children were treated with a tooth-borne expander and 16 were treated with a tooth-tissue-borne expander. Occlusal radiographs obtained at treatment onset and at the end of the retention period were digitized. The following variables were measured: intermolar distance (IMD), interapical distance (IApD), interbase distance (IBaD) and interarm distance (IArD). The results revealed increases in all measurements in both groups after rapid maxillary expansion. Comparison between groups revealed that the increases were greater in patients treated with the tooth-borne expander, except for the IArD measurement, which presented the same increase in both groups. Even though the IMD measurements differed between expanders, they were proportional to the activation of the appliances (IBaD). The increase in the IApD measurement was proportionally greater in the group treated with the tooth-borne expander (0.7:1.0) than in that treated with the tooth-tissue-borne expander (0.4:1.0). It was concluded that both appliances had similar effects, although the tooth-tissue-borne expander produced a lesser opening at the apical region of the incisors.

Mudanças dimensionais dos arcos dentários em crianças entre 3 e 6 anos de idade

Para o presente trabalho, 235 crianças pertencentes às creches da Prefeitura Municipal de Araraquara foram avaliadas e moldadas com um dispositivo confeccionado com cera utilidade e palito abaixador de língua na forma dos arcos dentários. No intervalo de um ano as mesmas crianças foram remoldadas afim de se verificar se houveram ou não mudanças nas dimensões do arco dentário decíduo. A partir da obtenção dos modelos em gesso, foram realizadas medições por meio de um dispositivo digitalizador tridimensional denominado MicroScribe-3DX nos instantes inicial (primeira moldagem) e final (moldagem após um ano). Foram avaliadas medidas referentes às distâncias inter-segundos molares, interprimeiros molares, intercaninos, perímetro, comprimento de arco e espaços primatas. Consideraram-se ainda dimorfismo sexual, tipo de arco e influência de hábitos. Concluiu-se que as dimensões transversais sofreram aumento significativo na dentadura decídua, enquanto que o perímetro, o comprimento e os espaços primatas permaneceram constantes. As distâncias intermolares apresentaram dimorfismo sexual, com dimensões maiores no gênero feminino. Com relação às medidas de perímetro, comprimento e espaços primatas não ocorreram diferenças significantes em relação ao gênero. As dimensões de comprimento nos arcos não diferem nos arcos decíduos Tipo I e Tipo II de Baume, enquanto que o diâmetro dos arcos Tipo I de Baume, são maiores do que os do Tipo II. Os hábitos de sucção de dedo e chupeta não provocaram alterações nas dimensões dos arcos decíduos no período observado, de um ano.

Utilização da distração osteogênica mediana sagital para tratamento da atresia mandibular

OBJETIVO: relatar o tratamento de uma paciente com apinhamento severo decorrente de uma atresia maxilomandibular, tratada por meio da Distração Osteogênica da Sínfise Mandibular (DOSM). RESULTADOS: neste caso, observamos bom engrenamento dentário, diminuição do corredor bucal escuro, correção do apinhamento, boa forma de arcos e boa estética facial, num período de tempo bastante satisfatório, sem trazer dano ao tecido periodontal adjacente. CONCLUSÃO: pacientes com arcos atrésicos e apinhamento dentário podem ser beneficiados com a DOSM que, quando bem indicada, surge como uma nova forma de tratamento para casos limítrofes de apinhamento dentário, nos quais as alternativas convencionais oferecem limitações, tais como o achatamento do perfil facial, o aumento do corredor bucal e a instabilidade.

Distração osteogênica da sínfise mandibular como opção de tratamento ortodôntico: relato de caso

INTRODUÇÃO: o problema transversal em Ortodontia pode ser de origem dentária, esquelética ou uma combinação de ambas e pode ser tratado de várias maneiras de acordo com o tipo de tecido envolvido e o arco dentário acometido. em se tratando de um problema esquelético e maxilar, o ortodontista poderá lançar mão da disjunção ortopédica, dependendo da idade óssea, obtendo uma correção da atresia, um alinhamento dentário espontâneo resultante do aumento no perímetro do arco e um sorriso mais amplo, beneficiando esteticamente o paciente. Porém, este tratamento de disjunção mandibular se torna inviável, já que este osso tem sua sutura fusionada precocemente. A expansão neste caso é alveolar e sua estabilidade é questionada. OBJETIVO: relatar um caso clínico, apresentando uma nova alternativa de tratamento para o apinhamento inferior: a Distração Osteogênica da Sínfise Mandibular (DOSM). Neste procedimento, é feita uma osteotomia sagital na sínfise, criando-se uma sutura artificial para que uma separação óssea seja conseguida, utilizando uma mecânica com aparelho disjuntor de Hyrax modificado. RESULTADOS: os resultados do tratamento apresentado mostram uma melhora na forma do arco, diminuição do corredor bucal, correção do apinhamento dentário e também uma estabilidade do tratamento, sem dano aos tecidos adjacentes. Neste caso clínico, a DOSM se mostrou uma excelente opção de tratamento.

IN VITRO INCIDENCE of ROOT CANAL BIFURCATION IN MANDIBULAR INCISORS BY RADIOVISIOGRAPHY

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify, in vivo and in vitro, the prevalence of root canal bifurcation in mandibular incisors by digital radiography. Material and Methods: Four hundred teeth were analyzed for the in vivo study. Digital radiographs were taken in an orthoradial direction from the mandibular incisor and canine regions. The digital radiographs of the canine region allowed visualizing the incisors in a distoradial direction using 20 degrees deviation. All individuals agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. The in vitro study was conducted on 200 mandibular incisors positioned on a model, simulating the mandibular dental arch. Digital radiographs were taken from the mandibular incisors in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. Results: The digital radiography showed presence of bifurcation in 20% of teeth evaluated in vitro in the mesiodistal direction. In the buccolingual direction, 17.5% of teeth evaluated in vivo and 15% evaluated in vitro presented bifurcation or characteristics indicating bifurcation. Conclusions: Digital radiography associated with X-ray beam distally allowed detection of a larger number of cases of bifurcated root canals or characteristics of bifurcation.