Biomimetic biosensor based on lipidic layers containing tyrosinase and lutetium bisphthalocyanine for the detection of antioxidants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECTS on NONENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN YOUNG RATS SUBMITTED TO EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE STRESS

Bucioli, SA, de Abreu, LC, Valenti, VE, and Vannucchi, H. Carnitine supplementation effects on nonenzymatic antioxidants in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress. J Strength Cond Res 26(6): 1695-1700, 2012-Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise stress increases oxidative stress in rats. However, antioxidant supplement therapy effects on reactive oxygen substances are conflicting. We evaluated the effects of carnitine on renal nonenzymatic antioxidants in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress. Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: (a) control group (not submitted to exercise stress), (b) exercise stress group, and (c) exercise stress and carnitine group. The rats from group 3 were treated with gavage administration of 1 ml of carnitine (5 mg.kg(-1)) for 7 consecutive days. The animals from groups 2 and 3 were submitted to a bout of swimming exhaustive exercise stress. Kidney samples were analyzed for reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid by malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamin-E levels. Carnitine treatment attenuated MDA increase caused by exercise stress (1:0.16 +/- 0.02 vs. 2:0.34 +/- 0.07 vs. 3:0.1 +/- 0.01 mmmol per milligram of protein; p < 0.0001). It also increased the renal levels of GSH (1:23 +/- 4 vs. 2:23 +/- 2 vs. 3:58 +/- 9 mu mol per gram of protein; p, 0.0001); however, it did not change renal vitamin E (1:24 +/- 5 vs. 2:27 +/- 1 vs. 3:28 +/- 5 mu M per gram of tissue; p < 0.001). In conclusion, carnitine improved oxidative stress and partially improved the nonenzymatic antioxidant activity in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress.

Effects of vitamin E supplementation on renal non-enzymatic antioxidants in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Lipid peroxidation and generation of hydrogen peroxide in frozen-thawed ram semen cryopreserved in extenders with antioxidants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chemical composition and antioxidants potential of extracts of yellow melon seeds in Soybean oil

The aim of this work was to characterize the yellow melon seeds, hybrid variety, as for their proximate composition, and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of extracts of seed in soybean oil. The extract of melon seeds (EM), obtained by extraction using ethanol: water (95:5), was applied in soybean oil at three different concentrations (500; 750 and 1000 mg kg(-1)) and submitted to Shaal oven method at 60 degrees C for 20 days. Oil samples were evaluated for peroxic a value in periods of five days. The antioxidant activity of the extract was compared to the BHT (butyl-hydroxytoluene) activity. The melon seeds showed a high nutrition value, containing high percentages of lipids (25.2%), proteins (20.1%) and fiber (30.0%). All these treatments retarded lipid oxidation in soybean oil; however the natural extracts were less effective than BHT after 10 days in the oven. The antioxidant activities of different treatments tested in this study followed the order: BHT > EM 1000 mg kg(-1) = EM 750 mg kg(-1) > EM 500 mg kg(-1)> control.

Electrochemical evaluation of lipophilic antioxidants from Iryanthera juruensis fruits (Myristicaceae)

Testes em placas de CCDC reveladas com solução de beta-caroteno mostraram a presença de duas substâncias com propriedades antioxidantes no extrato hexânico. Elas foram isoladas e identificadas como 3-metil-sargacromenol (1) and sargacromenol (2). O extrato hexânico forneceu ainda o ácido 3-metil-sargaquinóico (3) e o ácido sargaquinóico (4). O comportamento eletroquímico destas substâncias foi investigado em CH2Cl2/Bu4NBF4 sobre eletrodo de carbono vítreo. A oxidação do grupo fenólico nos tocotrienóis 1 and 2 é responsável por um pico anódico em potenciais de +0.23V e +0.32V, os quais são correlacionados com sua atividade antioxidante. O mecanismo de oxidação é comparado com o comportamento eletroquímico do antioxidante alfa-tocopherol.

Lipophyllic antioxidants from Iryanthera juruensis fruits

The phytochemical investigation of the hexane extract of I,:Iryanthera juruensis (Myristicaceae) fruits led to the isolation of two tocotrienols and four lignans which exhibited antioxidant activity towards beta -carotene on TLC autographic assay. Two inactive quinones and three omega -arylalkanoic acids were also isolated. The isolates were investigated for their redox properties using cyclic voltammetry. The structure elucidation of the new compounds tone tocotrienol. one quinone and three w-arylalkanoic acids) was based on analysis of spectroscopic data, (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of the addition of antioxidants in vivo on the fatty acid composition of fish fillets

In this study, the influence of the addition of antioxidants in vivo on the fatty acid composition of the flesh of a freshwater fish known as pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is verified. Four groups (one being the control group) of juvenile pacu were cultured on isocaloric and isoproteic diets. The lipid source was soybean oil and diets were added with either 100 ppm of alpha-tocopheryl acetate, or 100 ppm of BHT or 1.4 g of rosemary extract (Herbalox(R))/kg diet. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of the different groups was determined before and after irradiation at 2 and 3 kGy, respectively, for the evaluation of the protective effects of the different antioxidants. Similarly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined from irradiated and nonirradiated samples. The results showed that the use of antioxidants altered the fatty acid composition of the fillets. TEARS and irradiation confirmed their important role in protecting against lipid oxidation. Among all the antioxidants used, tocopherol was the most efficient, as shown by the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), by the lowest values of TEARS and by the analyses of the individual fatty acid levels at different irradiation doses. Significant statistical differences were observed only in 17% of the fatty acids in the fillets of the groups. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of the relative contribution of phenolic antioxidants in orange juice by voltammetric methods

The electrochemical oxidation of caffeic, chlorogenic, sinapic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids was investigated by cyclic voltammetry on acetate buffer pH 5.6 on glassy carbon electrode and modified glassy carbon electrode. According to their voltammetric behavior, the antioxidant activity of these phenolic acids was evaluated and the results pointed to the following sequence: caffeic acid (E-a = +0.31 V) > chlorogenic acid (+ 0.38 V) > sinapic acid (+ 0.45 V) > ferulic acid (+ 0.53 V) >p-coumaric acid (+ 0.73 V). The results were confirmed by DPPH test, which evidenced the strongest antiradical activity for compounds possessing the cathecol moiety (caffeic and chlorogenic acids). Linear calibration graphs were obtained for their determination at concentrations from 1 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-3) mol L-1. The method was applied to orange juice. Selectivity was illustrated by the analysis of caffeic and chlorogenic acids electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode previously modified by electrochemical activation in the presence of ascorbic acid. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

beta-carotene and other carotenoids as antioxidants

Carotenoids are natural pigments which are synthesized by plants and are responsible for the bright colors of various fruits and vegetables. There are several dozen carotenoids in the foods that we eat, and most of these carotenoids have antioxidant activity. beta-carotene has been best studied since, in most countries it is the most common carotenoid in fruits and vegetables. However, in the U.S., lycopene from tomatoes now is consumed in approximately the same amount as beta-carotene. Antioxidants (including carotenoids) have been studied for their ability to prevent chronic disease, beta-carotene and others carotenoids have antioxidant properties in vitro and in animal models. Mixtures of carotenoids or associations with others antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E) can increase their activity against free radicals. The use of animals models for studying carotenoids is limited since most of the animals do not absorb or metabolize carotenoids similarly to humans.Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse relationship between presence of various cancers and dietary carotenoids or blood carotenoid levels. However, three out of four intervention trials using high dose beta-carotene supplements did not show protective effects against cancer or cardiovascular disease. Rather, the high risk population (smokers and asbestos workers) in these intervention trials showed an increase in cancer and angina cases. It appears that carotenoids (including beta-carotene) can promote health when taken at dietary levels, but may have adverse effects when taken in high dose by subjects who smoke or who have been exposed to asbestos. It will be the task of ongoing and future studies to define the populations that can benefit from carotenoids and to define the proper doses, lengths of treatment, and whether mixtures, lather than single carotenoids (e.g. beta-carotene) are more advantageous.