Formas e função do discurso do outro no gênero monográfico

The present work investigates related discourse in rewriting discursive practices, at monographic works specifically at the theoretical foundation section. Focalizing some discursive strategies of voice management (direct and indirect discourse and modalization voice) we detach the introduction way and function of cited discourse. To do so, it were analyzed eighteen monographic works: nine of them final graduation works and other nine specialization works seeing that each works belonging to the same student, in two different stages, in the period from 2003 in graduation conclusion to 2005 in the end of specialization course. The data reveal that the monographic writer/student emphasizes the use of direct discourse in graduation works while in specialization works there was an emphasis at indirect speech. The analysis the way they introduce cited discourse pointed out that writer/student in graduation course such as specialization student make meaningless constructions when they do not use discendi verbs, they demonstrate difficulties inarticulate citing discourse with cited discourse. In what is related to functions of cited discourse we verify that the student/writer, in both stages or levels give emphasis to the function maintain an assertion, indicating that other s discourse serve mainly as a resource of authority just because that this function reveals the absence of a dialog between student writing and cited discourse. In a general way, the forms of other s discourse claim a form of writing that is found starting from a sequence of cited discourse in what student/writer voice in graduation and specialization comes to text surface just few times, but most of the times, the student takes other s words as they were themselves, every time there is an overlap of author/source

Mecanismos de controle do trabalho escolar em propostas de escrita narrativa em livros didáticos de português (1974-2009)

This essay aims at investigating the writing proposals of Portuguese textbooks (LDP Livros Didáticos de Português) for Middle School (EF Ensino Fundamental), from 6th to 9th grade, from the 70s to 2009. It aims to check, though the discourse reported in the Portuguese Textbook, the control directed to the practice of the teacher and the student to do in the teaching situations. Theoretically, we search for contributions that come from the Discourse Analysis of French filiation, so we can analyze the ideological constructions present in the discourse of the ―LDP‖ more specific lly the control directed to the te cher nd student the users of the book, in writing activities. It started from a corpus of 63 textbooks whereof the following steps were performed: a) mapping of the writing proposals contemplated in the ―LDP‖ of high school; b cutting in the selection of propos l ccording to the rese rch go ls intended (writing proposals of narrative texts). After mapping the writing proposals presented in the ―LDP‖ bout the criteri mentioned bove we re d the writing propos ls to ch rt the quantity of proposals of textual writing productions in each textbook (which usually follows a pattern : 12 chapters and, at the end, the writing proposal. Nevertheless, some books present 2 (two) or more writing proposals at the end of each chapter). We did a cutting in the corpus initi lly constituted 63 ―LDP‖ nd we selected 12 writing proposals of narrative texts presented in the ―LDPs‖ to present wh t we intend to n lyze. Then, we separated these proposals into two groups: 1) activities which present ―instruction guide‖ to be followed by the student; 2) writing activities that allow the student write with no need to follow a text pattern, i.e., which encourage authorship. By means of analyses, it was possible to demonstrate that, in the Basic School, generally, the writing practices concentrate, primarily, on copying activities, reproduction, rewriting and, in more advanced levels, in activities that which start from preset models, asking the students to produce text with similar themes, following the suggested structure. It is about ideals that are supposed to be followed and imitated by the students, depriving them to assume their authorship. In order to insert the student in the world of writing it s necess ry to go beyond the model of c nonic l texts pr ctice th t puts the students f r from the possibility to be ― uthors‖. In contr st to this tendency, we face, nowadays, proposals that prioritize the authorship, the creation of a style

Esperando Ulisses: o mito de Penélope à luz da comparação diferencial e discursiva

From the many weavers known, the Queen of Ithaca is certainly among the most famous.Over the years,many writers have dedicated themselves to retell the myth of Penelope in their works by their own way. According to Ute Heidmann, the modern writers recurrence to the Greek myths in order to produce their texts is a renewing discursive practice, which gives new writing and relevance to the myth. (2003, p.47). This work deals with a differential and discursive comparative analysis on the myth of Penelope linking it with two short stories from Brazilian authors: Penélope by João do Rio (1919) and Penélope by Dalton Trevisan (1959). In order to do it, we are supported by: the works of Heidmann (2003, 2006, 2008) and Maingueneau (2006). We also concentrate ourselves on the temporal trace presented in both Penelope s myth and in its modern rewriting so that we can identify how each configuration of the classical myth develops into one of the most celebrated acts of this myth: the waiting. In order to so, we seek support on the studies by Paul Ricoeur (2006), Hans Meyerhoff (1976) and Benedito Nunes (1988)

O Uso de operações linguístico-discursivas da crítica genética na reescritura de textos

As a professor in Curso de Licenciatura em Letras, from Campus Avançado Profa Maria Eliza Albuquerque Maia (CAMEAM),do Estado do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), in the town of Pau do Ferros, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, we had the chance to carry out several writing activities , as well as guiding re-writing activities for the texts produced. From this experience, we started looking at the need of reflecting upon the writing process in higher education. Thus, we aim at analyzing, in this research, the methodology used in the moment of carrying out the writing practices activities in higher education, investigating, in particular, the rewriting practices, concerning the operations used for carrying out such activities, as well as the sense effects produced from the alterations which were made in the texts. Our theoretical foundation is grounded on a conception of text as a verbal action , what reveals a socio-interactional view of the language (MARCUSCHI, 2008; SAUTCHUK, 2003). As the production of written texts, our research focus, we assume that, for this activity, we deal with distinct figures (active writer and internal reader), so that we can, apart from writing, reflecting upon our writing and, this way, deciding about operations which are carried out to make the alterations which are necessary to the rewriting of our texts (SAUTCHUK, 2003). Still about the theoretical foundations used in this research, we made use of the theories from the Textual Analysis of Discourse (TAD) which discusses the belief on the evidence on the existence of the texts, which is opposite to the fixist view of textuality which believes that the texts exist by themselves. (ADAM, 2008; [2005]2010). Under this perspective, we have also adopted, the concepts which come from genetics criticism which is concerned about the relation between text and genesis, using as objects documents which bring traits of the text in progress, on the ground that the text is the result of work in progress, and the writing practice, on the other hand, as an activity in a continuous movement (HAY, [1975]2002; DE BIASI, [2000]2010; GRÉSILLON, 1989; [1990]2008; [1992]2002; SALLES, 2008a). The methodology in this research is an ethnography-based one, an approach which focuses on the process, as well as is meaning-based. To understand the objectives proposed in our research, we made use of different procedures of collecting data which include an ethnographic study, such as: observation, note-taking, document analysis. The data which were analyzed were collected during the semester of 2008.2, in a first term classroom of Curso de Letras from CAMEAM, when we were able to collect twenty-one written texts and all of them were rewritten based on rewriting activities, what provides a corpus of forty-two texts which will be analyzed based on the linguistics operations identified by Generative Grammar and adopted by Lebrave and Grésillon (2009). From these analyses, we were able to confirm that writing is a process, and rewriting has become an extremely important activity for this process. Still due to these data, we observed that substitution was the most used operation by text authors. We believe that this result is justified by the fact that the substitution, according to what proposes the Genetic Criticism, constitutes the source of all erasure, from which one can easily make a change in writing. Regarding the operations of addition and deletion, we found that they were used in quantitative terms, almost equivalently, which can be explained when we see that the two operations require, by the author of the text, different strategies from those used for the replacement, what includes , respectively, adding or removing a segment. Finally, we found out that the shift operation was the least used, since it works with a segment that will not be replaced, added or deleted, but transferred to another place of text, which requires a greater ability of the author to perform this operation and not compromising the meaning of his/her writing. As a result, we hope to contribute to the reflection on the teaching of writing, considering, in a particular way, those with a Bachelor in Arts. Our analysis will contribute to the teaching of Portuguese language, specifically for activities that guide the production of texts in order to explore with students the ability to rewrite their own text

O Aleph e seus duplos: mimesis e auto-reflexividade na obra de Jorge Luis Borges

This study approach the Jorge Luis Borges s prose of fiction under the perspective of mimesis and the self-reflexivity. The hypothesis is that the Aleph is a central symbol of the Borges s fictional universe. The rewriting and the retake of this symbol along of his work entail to a reflection about the possibilities and the limits of mimesis. This study is divided in three parts which contain two chapters. The first part Bibliographic revision and conceptual fundaments of inquiry discuss the critical fortune of author (Chapter 1) and the concepts that will give sustentation to the inquiry (Chapter 2). The second part About the Borges s aesthetic project sketch out the literary project defended by Borges that is his conception of the literature and his ideological matrix (Chapter 3) beside his anti-psychologism and his nostalgia of epos (Chapter 4). The third and last part is entitled The Aleph and his doubles. In the chapter 5 this study analyses the short story El Aleph and consider its centrality on the Borges s work. The argument that is on this short story Borges elaborates a reflection about mimesis. In the chapter 6, on the same hand, four short stories will be analysed: Funes el memorioso ; El Libro de Arena ; El evangelio según Marcos and Del rigor en la ciencia . The conclusion that is the Borges s literature is self-awake of its process as such demonstrate its parodic sense and its bookish origin. Hence, the Borges s literature overlapping the mimetic crisis of language and challenge the limits between fiction and reality. However, it doesn t surrender to the nihilist perspective that is closing of literature to the world

Beta: uma ferramenta para geração de testes de unidade a partir de especificações B

Formal methods and software testing are tools to obtain and control software quality. When used together, they provide mechanisms for software specification, verification and error detection. Even though formal methods allow software to be mathematically verified, they are not enough to assure that a system is free of faults, thus, software testing techniques are necessary to complement the process of verification and validation of a system. Model Based Testing techniques allow tests to be generated from other software artifacts such as specifications and abstract models. Using formal specifications as basis for test creation, we can generate better quality tests, because these specifications are usually precise and free of ambiguity. Fernanda Souza (2009) proposed a method to define test cases from B Method specifications. This method used information from the machine s invariant and the operation s precondition to define positive and negative test cases for an operation, using equivalent class partitioning and boundary value analysis based techniques. However, the method proposed in 2009 was not automated and had conceptual deficiencies like, for instance, it did not fit in a well defined coverage criteria classification. We started our work with a case study that applied the method in an example of B specification from the industry. Based in this case study we ve obtained subsidies to improve it. In our work we evolved the proposed method, rewriting it and adding characteristics to make it compatible with a test classification used by the community. We also improved the method to support specifications structured in different components, to use information from the operation s behavior on the test case generation process and to use new coverage criterias. Besides, we have implemented a tool to automate the method and we have submitted it to more complex case studies

Geração de processos WS-BPEL com base em um algoritmo de reescrita de regras

Web services are computational solutions designed according to the principles of Service Oriented Computing. Web services can be built upon pre-existing services available on the Internet by using composition languages. We propose a method to generate WS-BPEL processes from abstract specifications provided with high-level control-flow information. The proposed method allows the composition designer to concentrate on high-level specifi- cations, in order to increase productivity and generate specifications that are independent of specific web services. We consider service orchestrations, that is compositions where a central process coordinates all the operations of the application. The process of generating compositions is based on a rule rewriting algorithm, which has been extended to support basic control-flow information.We created a prototype of the extended refinement method and performed experiments over simple case studies

Operações linguístico-discursivas em relatos retextualizados por alunos do ensino fundamental

The following paper attempted to investigate and discuss the possible improvements in the writing of students from the public network in the 6th grade of elementary school. This research was run in the professional master degree In Portuguese Language. Also based upon Genetic Criticism, this study attempting to analyze in which way and in which proportions the alterations done in the texts reveal and perspective capacity in the students as they replace, broad, remove or just move terms in their assignments. We tried to develop our analysis in the pragmatic perspective in which Textual Linguistic is included, investigating the texts and appreciating them as a construction process of meaning. Our theoretical discussion will be based on and socio-interactional conception of language (MARCUSCHI, 2008), as well as in the postulates of Analyze of Discursion (ADAM, 2010, 2008). It has also been used the theoretical assumptions taken from Genetic Criticism which regard the relation between text and genesis, due to the fact that it considers the text and a the result of a construction of progressive elaboration and the writing as an activity of constant movement (DE BIASI, [2000] 2010; GRÉSILLON, 1989; [1990] 2008; [1992] 2002; SALLES, 2008a). To assemble the data in this research we took into consideration the social variables related to the students and the sociocultural context. Nonetheless, this investigation point towards a real classroom situation where we tried to analyze the language functioning in application conditions, thus, giving us authority to describe more precisely the reality we lived in, which provided us with a more attentive look to the observed particularities. This description of the reality appreciated built a path that point to a research of qualitative data approach to which meanings deriving from interpretation were attributed. To conduct this research we resourced to the Action-Research process. The data are comprised of ten personal reports that were created from rewriting assignments, which constitutes a range of twenty texts assessed starting from the linguistic operations acknowledged by Generative Grammar and continued by Lebrave and Grésillon (2009). As result of this analysis, we identified the operation of adding more often than the other ones. The replacement and removal operations display a very close offspring. Nevertheless, the moving operation was scarcely used. These results, besides demonstrating linguistic creativity of the students, revealed that for a text to be seen as “concluded”, the writing student articulates new elaborations through these linguistic operators and that these movements of coming and going, of erasures and amendments contribute significantly for the teacher to approach the relationship the student keeps with his textual and discursive expression, and then, with that, to hold information that eventually provides individual and collective directions in school productions.

A mediação do professor na constituição da autoria em textos de alunos de Letras

Textual composition in classroom has been object of research in language studies along this last three decades in Brazil. This thematic recurrence occurs is a demonstration of the gap between writing skill teaching and learner‟s performance. In this research, we argue that during writing process in classroom, teachers‟ mediated actions guide students to the exotopic exercise on their texts, facing it as a fundamental phase of their composition, with meaningful effect for the development of textual authorship. In this sense, we have chosen as investigation focus the textual composition of Letters Students at Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte – UERN - to study writing processual characteristics, based on teacher‟s mediation. The main aim of this research is to analyze students‟ (re)writing along Letters Course, to comprehend the process of authorship construction in their texts and the effects resulted through teacher mediation in this process. More specifically, a) to analyze teacher mediation as a mechanism for authorship development in texts composed by Letters Students; b) to deduce, based on different versions of textual composition, the effects of teacher mediation on students‟ writing; and c) to describe compositional textual process in classroom, identifying students‟ attitudes/behaviors before writing task. We have brought several voices into the dialogue, among them we highlight those based on bakhtinian studies. Some of those authors are related to Bakhtin circle, by themselves (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, [1929] 2006; BAKHTIN, [1979] 2003; [1963] 2008; [1975] 2010a; [1986] 2010b), their debaters (FARACO, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010; PONZIO, 2010, 2012; GERALDI, 2010a; 2010b OLIVEIRA, 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2010, among others), to guide us, mainly, on dialogism, author and authorship, and their conceptual implications: exotopy, finishing, esthetic activity, and ethical act. Data was constituted in teaching situation, involving teacher/researcher and 5th Term Letters/UERN students. Therefore, we have submitted an open questionnaire, textual discussion, and an article (re)writing. Data analysis has revealed subjects‟ little experience with writing composition in the Course, as a systematic practice, in their routine, dialogued, whose social function is explored. The texts are generally written in a single version and useful only to receive a score. Data analysis show insecure students in relation the writing, and with many difficulties to do it. On the other hand, writing movements, on the analyzed articles, have revealed that the subjects show a responsive attitude in relation to the mediated activities, to respond rewriting proposal. Despite some problems remain unsolved and many others emerge in each version of the article, in general, we consider that teacher mediation had a positive effect on student writing, considering that it boosted the author exotopic movement, something indispensable to compose a text. The three interventions carried out, in some way, provided opportunity for the subjects to modify their article.

A mediação do professor na constituição da autoria em textos de alunos de Letras

Textual composition in classroom has been object of research in language studies along this last three decades in Brazil. This thematic recurrence occurs is a demonstration of the gap between writing skill teaching and learner‟s performance. In this research, we argue that during writing process in classroom, teachers‟ mediated actions guide students to the exotopic exercise on their texts, facing it as a fundamental phase of their composition, with meaningful effect for the development of textual authorship. In this sense, we have chosen as investigation focus the textual composition of Letters Students at Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte – UERN - to study writing processual characteristics, based on teacher‟s mediation. The main aim of this research is to analyze students‟ (re)writing along Letters Course, to comprehend the process of authorship construction in their texts and the effects resulted through teacher mediation in this process. More specifically, a) to analyze teacher mediation as a mechanism for authorship development in texts composed by Letters Students; b) to deduce, based on different versions of textual composition, the effects of teacher mediation on students‟ writing; and c) to describe compositional textual process in classroom, identifying students‟ attitudes/behaviors before writing task. We have brought several voices into the dialogue, among them we highlight those based on bakhtinian studies. Some of those authors are related to Bakhtin circle, by themselves (BAKHTIN/VOLOCHINOV, [1929] 2006; BAKHTIN, [1979] 2003; [1963] 2008; [1975] 2010a; [1986] 2010b), their debaters (FARACO, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010; PONZIO, 2010, 2012; GERALDI, 2010a; 2010b OLIVEIRA, 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2010, among others), to guide us, mainly, on dialogism, author and authorship, and their conceptual implications: exotopy, finishing, esthetic activity, and ethical act. Data was constituted in teaching situation, involving teacher/researcher and 5th Term Letters/UERN students. Therefore, we have submitted an open questionnaire, textual discussion, and an article (re)writing. Data analysis has revealed subjects‟ little experience with writing composition in the Course, as a systematic practice, in their routine, dialogued, whose social function is explored. The texts are generally written in a single version and useful only to receive a score. Data analysis show insecure students in relation the writing, and with many difficulties to do it. On the other hand, writing movements, on the analyzed articles, have revealed that the subjects show a responsive attitude in relation to the mediated activities, to respond rewriting proposal. Despite some problems remain unsolved and many others emerge in each version of the article, in general, we consider that teacher mediation had a positive effect on student writing, considering that it boosted the author exotopic movement, something indispensable to compose a text. The three interventions carried out, in some way, provided opportunity for the subjects to modify their article.