A cultura da produção de farinha: um estudo da matemática nos saberes dessa tradição

This research argues about the mathematical knowledge built in the tradition of the cassava flour production, seeking to analyse these mathematical knowledge in the perspective of the categories of time and measure, built and practiced in the flour production, located in Serra do Navio and Calçoene, in Amapá - Brazil. The following work discuss the identification and the description of the mathematics during the production activities of the flour, where is presented elements related to generation and transmission of the traditional knowledge, which is the basis for maintenance of the tradition of the flour, characterizing the research as an Ethnomathematic study. The methodological procedures highlight ethnographical techniques and elements that characterize the participating observation. The results obtained showed us that the flour workers articulate some length, area and volume measure due to own and traditionally acquired systems, which is apprehended and countersigned by other kind of culturally established system; thus they relativism the measures systems and the official calendars. And it lifts as one of the main proposal that the academic mathematics and the tradition establish knowledge make conjunction of the both knowledge, that is important for a possible reflection and application in the construction of a pedagogical practice in mathematical education, trying to establish points of socio-economic and cultural mark

Entre saberes e práticas :a alfabetização de jovens e adultos no MOVA Belém

This research analyses the experience of the Alphabetization of Young and Adults Movement named Prof. Paulo Freire (MOVA Belém) in the time period 2001-2004. the study intends to reveal which knowledge/activities are constituent of pedagogical practices of popular alfhabetzers. It also intends to contribute with the registry in the history of alphabetization of young and adults in Belém, without any intention of making general the analyzed aspects. The research is characterized by the use of a qualitative approach of the type ethnographic, because it involves an analysis that considers at the same time the local and global aspects. It analysis documents produced in the period and uses semi-structured interviews for data construction. It tries to show living cues and experiences of the pedagogical activities found in the theoretical references of Brandão (2003), Freire (1979; 1987; 1992), Gadotti (1998; 2000), Ribeiro (1999; 2003), Santos (1995; 2000), Soares (1985; 1998; 2003) and other authors of alphabetization and popular education fields. This multiplicity of bibliographical and empirical references has produced a heterogeneous framework, that is much more complex and multifaceted than the one which would be constituted as the knowledge of the pedagogical, alphabetizer practice. It can not happen, however, an absolute concept that is clear and total that resumes significance and matter of the pedagogical, alphabetization practice of young and adults. So, the study establishes a relativism between them assuming as valid the ones that are of popular and democratic types. At last but not least, it intended to contribute to the history of the alphabetization of youngsters and adults in Belém with a popular education perspective without any pretension to turn the analyzed aspects into generalized ones

Fundamentos da filosofia moral de Peter Singer

This research aims to reconstruct and explain the argument proposed by Peter Singer to justify the principle of equal consideration of interests (PECI). The PECI is the basic normative principle according to people should consider the interests of all sentient beings affected when somebody taking a moral decision. It is the join that Singer proposes between universalizability and the principle of equal consideration of interests that constitutes a compelling reason to justify it. The universalizability requires to disregard the numerical differences, putting yourself in other people s shoes, and to consider preferences, interests, desires and ideals of those affected. Singer joins universalizability to normative principle and molds the form and content of his theory. The first chapter introduces the discussion will be developed in this essay. The second chapter deals the historical and philosophical viewpoint from which Singer starts his studies. The third chapter is about the Singer s critiques of naturalism, intuitionism, relativism, simple subjectivism and emotivism. The fourth chapter exposes the design of universal prescriptivism proposed by R. M. Hare. The universal prescriptivism indicates, in the Singer s viewpoint, a consistent way to create the join between the universalizability and PECI. It highlights also the criticism designed by J. L. Mackie and Singer himself to universal prescriptivism. The second part of this chapter shows briefly some of the main points of the classical conception of utilitarianism and its possible relationship with the theory of Singer. The fifth chapter introduces the Singer s thesis about the origin of ethics and the universalizability as a feature necessary to the point of view of ethic, and the way which this argument is developed to form the PECI. The sixth chapter exposes the main distinctions that characterize the PECI. Finally the seventh chapter provides a discussion about the reasons highlighted by Singer for one who wants orient his life according to the standpoint of ethics. This structure allows explaining the main ideas of the author concerning the theoretical foundations of his moral philosophy