Análise econômica da expansão do direito penal

Aborda a evolução histórica das liberdades individuais, a partir de apontamentos pertinentes ao constitucionalismo liberal, à formação do Estado de Direito e ao advento dos regimes democráticos amparados em direitos fundamentais. Pretende, quanto aos direitos fundamentais, mostrar diversas classificações, funções, critérios e conceitos, além da sistematização de gerações ou dimensões de direitos. Discorre acerca da teoria dos limites aos limites, ao lado de teorias correlatas em profícua confrontação doutrinária, tudo com fins a estruturar os conceitos basilares de direitos de liberdade, que orientam o restante da obra. Trata do cenário histórico-jurídico do surgimento da Análise Econômica do Direito (AED), consistente, sobretudo, no jusrealismo norte-americano, abordado, em paralelo, com o realismo jurídico escandinavo. Aplica conceitos e premissas de microeconomia ao Direito Penal, com ênfase para a investigação do comportamento criminoso empreendida pela Economia do Crime. Avança não apenas restrito à perspectiva teórica, trazendo dados empíricos e implicações concretas da teoria econômica dos delitos e das penas, que serão reconhecidos na evolução e redução da criminalidade, nas políticas de desarmamento, na estruturação empresarial do narcotráfico, bem como na otimização da administração penitenciária brasileira a fim de concretizar o preconizado pela legislação de execução penal. Desenvolve estudo a partir da leitura histórica do Direito Penal, passando pelos conceitos de sociedade complexa e de riscos. Analisa, após fixados tais pressupostos, algumas causas do processo de expansão do Direito Penal com vistas a identificar propostas alternativas ao hiperpunitivismo hodierno, preservando-se, assim, os direitos de liberdade que sustentam o Estado Democrático de Direito. Propõe uma desconstrução do conceito jurídico do princípio da eficiência administrativa, demonstrando como seu conteúdo normativo foi demasiadamente mitigado pela recepção precária dos respectivos elementos econômicos por parte da doutrina e da jurisprudência pátria. Ressalta a importância jurídica da eficiência econômica, devidamente harmonizada com os demais princípios constitucionais, por força do instrumental analítico da AED Positiva. Investiga criticamente algumas teorias sociológicas tendentes ao funcionalismo penal, sob referenciais de eficiência e de direitos de liberdade. Almeja, ao final, propor a AED como alternativa à expansão funcionalista e irracional dos tipos e sanções criminais, de modo que a aproximação entre Economia do Crime, eficiência econômica e Direito Penal contribua para blindar os direitos de liberdade das vicissitudes típicas da sociedade contemporânea

A leitura de fontes antigas como possibilidade didatica: um exemplo a partir do Almagesto de Ptolomeu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A tirinha cômica em questão: atividades de leitura no livro didático de língua portuguesa

You can see nowadays a more constant questioning about the validity and effectiveness of the practices of teaching reading currently introduced in elementary school. The intelligibilities generated from many voices, and built on the border between many consciences, it can contribute to understand and to some extent, alleviate skewed or outdated understandings about the teaching of reading and its goals in the school environment. By understanding the dynamics of these practices, which always need to be modified because of new social demands, we recognize the validity of working with the prospect of reading in its historical, social and dialogic dimension (Bakhtin, 1981, 2003). The Portuguese language textbook (LDP), in turn, being one of the fundamental bases of reading in school, makes a justified and necessary active production of knowledge about the theoretical and methodological conceptions that underlie the work with reading and on how that work is effectively routed. Our aim in this essay is precisely analyze reading activities in four Portuguese textbooks (Teacher s Manuals) for the 6th grade of elementary school, focusing on the proposed activities from a specific discursive genre, in this case, the comic strip. Through this research, we retrieve and list the goals that guide the development of reading activities in the LDP, and then verify a compliance or not of these objectives in directing the activities. Finally, we describe how the reading practices that involve the strip in the textbook can legitimize or reject the reading as an area of construction and circulation of meanings between socio-historically located subjects. We take account of studies on the nature and constitution of language (BAKHTIN, 1981, 2003, 2010; BAKHTIN/ VOLOSHINOV, 2006; SOUZA, 2002; GERALDI, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2006; ROJO, 2008a, 2008b, among others), as well especific studies about the activities in Portuguese textbooks (MARCUSCHI, 2010; BELMIRO, 2006; MENDONÇA, 2006, among others)

A leitura e o leitor presumido nas avaliações oficiais

Este estudio se refiere a una investigación a cerca de la concepción de la lectura que subyace en la Matriz de Referencia de la Prueba Brasil, y, mediante las análisis del modelo 2009, entender lo que el lector se supone que responder en las preguntas de esta prueba. El estudio tiene como objetivo satisfacer se presume lector general para responder a las preguntas de prueba de Brasil y el mapa de la concepción de la lectura que subyace en la matriz de referencia tal prueba. Los objetivos específicos apuntan a examinar los temas de Prueba Brasil, identificando qué descriptores se materializan en el mismo, que son los más recurrentes. El estudio tiene como fundamentos los estudios bakhtinianos a cerca de los diálogos del linguaje (Bakhtin, 2003, 2008; Volochínov/Bakhtin, 1993) y la concepción de la lectura defendida por Geraldi (2007), Larossa (2001) y DeCerteau (1994). La investigación és caracterizada como cualitativo-interpretativo, con enfoque socio-histórico, y se encuentra dentro del campo de la Lingüística Aplicada, que en las últimas décadas ha demostrado contribuciones para la enseñanza de lenguas y formación docente. Para hacer el análisis de las pruebas, inicialmente construido una tabla (Tabla 1), que contiene los seis macrotópicos Matrix lengua portuguesa en la que estábamos repartiendo los descriptores presentes en las cuestiones de prueba referenciada relacionándolos con sus temas. Tras analizar la cuestión, con el fin de identificar al presunto lector a responder a estas preguntas. Mediante análisis de la Matriz de Referencia de la Prueba Brasil, entendemos que ella está de acuerdo con los Parámetros Curriculares de la Lengua Portuguesa. Así, la concepción que subyace en la lectura es que la lectura es una actividad que depende del proceso individual, pero que és parte de un contexto social e involucra a habilidades relacionadas con la comprensión y producción de sentido. Mediante la observación de la prueba, afirmamos qué el lector con la capacidad de responder a las preguntas es lo que desarrolla actitudes favorables a cerda de la lectura. A saber: (i) reconocen ampliamente las palabras, (ii) identifican los objetivos y funciones de la lectura, en reconocimiento de la función de apoyo de género y el contexto del texto, (iii) predice el contenido de los textos a se lee a la luz de su apoyo, su género y su contexto; (iv) plantea hipótesis sobre el contenido del texto que se lee, (v) es capaz de buscar ideas textual e intertextual. Es decir, hace inferencias, aumentando la comprensión, la asociación de diversos elementos presentes en el texto y que son parte de sus propias experiências personales, (vi) construye la comprensión global del texto leído por la unificación de la información explícita e implícita, (vii) tiene la capacidad de evaluar la lectura de forma ética y afectiva, o de hacer extrapolaciones coerentes sin escapar de la temática del texto. Por último, podemos decir que las implicaciones pedagógicas de este trabajo para mi actividad profesional es de gran importancia, ya que desde la detección de lo que se requiere de los estudiantes y, en consecuencia, un nuevo enfoque para la enseñanza de la lengua materna como podemos reflexionar sobre eso y encontrar maneras de mejorar nuestro desempeño. Tanto nuestro entrenador como nuestros compañeros. Dejando a un nivel puramente descriptivo de los problemas de acción conjunta más eficaz, entendiendo que la enseñanza de lectura tiene un carácter complejo. En este sentido, tenemos que ser menos intuitivo y más reflexiva. Nos gustaría hacer hincapié en que tenemos la intención de socializar esta investigación con nuestros compañeros, ya que entendemos que es un material que puede contribuir a un nuevo aprendizaje para la práctica de los profesores que se inclinan. Además indicó que la principal contribución de este trabajo es nuestra mirada en el proceso de la lectura en el aula, la comprensión de que el estudiante de ofertas diarias con textos localizados, derechos de autor, histórico y representativo de las diferentes interacciones en el mundo. Por lo tanto, es el momento de ser gestado las prácticas de lectura hacia una educación más significativa

A construção da imagem de leitor em memórias de leitura

In this work, we analyzed reading memories of mother language teachers in continuing education context. Our objective was to understand how each individual has built his/her reader image. Our theoretical approach to the construction of selfimage was based on the concept of discursive ethos, understanding it with Charaudeau (2006) as something constructed in the intersection of glances (of the self and the other). To understand how each teacher has built his/her reader image in that intertwining of glances (of the self and the other) we are on the contributions of Bakhtin (2003, 2010b) on exotopic glance or distant/external glance. Therefore, in the analysis, we tried to capture the exotopic glance of the teachers about themselves in the various stages of their reader formation and from our exotopic look of researcher; we gave provisional finish of the reader image that teachers built of themselves. For the analysis, we adopted other theoretical assumptions: about genres, theme, composition and style, statement and social voices we based on Bakhtin (1997, 2003, 2010a, 2010b); on the notion of the discursive ethos we anchored in studies conducted by Maingueneau (2008a, 2008b); about reading, we adopted the theoretical references of Rojo (2005, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2009c, 2009d), Garcez (2002), Freire (2008) and Silva Neto (2007). For the discursive genre reading memories makes reference to the theme memory as well as is related to the context of teacher training, the study was supported in Aragão (1992) and Nóvoa`s (2007) theory. Situated in the area of Applied Linguistics, the research aligns with qualitative-interpretative approach of socio-historical basis. Finally, from the analysis of the corpus, data that emerged from the findings, we conclude by stating that readers have created images of themselves as active readers, readers interested in both readings, the ones respected and the ones unappreciated by the official culture

Leitura do mundo no rap: uma análise bakhtiniana de práticas leitoras no ensino fundamental

This study aims to propose two didactic sequences on the rap songs to the process of formation of critical reflective reader, in the elementary school – in 6th and 9th grade classes. The theoretical foundations that have supported the work are related to the Bakhtin Circle propositions, especially the notions of language as a social ideological discourse; responsive reading; discursive genre and social voices. As for the methodological guidance, it is characterized by adopting the interpretativist paradigm of socio-historical base, in addition to positioning in the large field of Applied Linguistics, whose primary focus is specifically located language. In the selected enunciations to corpus – some Rap songs of protesting – it was analyzed the students’ reflective critical reading in the workshops of Rap-song reading, applied in modules of our teaching sequences. Through the carried out analysis, it was noted that the subjects surveyed have come from an educational culture towards the fulfillment of a conteudista proposed curriculum, so that in this scenario we do not see, through reading, training of the individual citizen, able to through his readings, understanding the socio-ideological structure that surrounds them; and so, escaping of understandings the world, based only on common sense. We conclude also that our teaching proposal represented a novelty for students. Initially, some of them did not see this work as reading, however, the majority was heavily involved in the process; so that, in their comments, we realize voices of a critical and reflective look of which comprise environments, and social situation to which they belong.

Leitura do mundo no rap: uma análise bakhtiniana de práticas leitoras no ensino fundamental

This study aims to propose two didactic sequences on the rap songs to the process of formation of critical reflective reader, in the elementary school – in 6th and 9th grade classes. The theoretical foundations that have supported the work are related to the Bakhtin Circle propositions, especially the notions of language as a social ideological discourse; responsive reading; discursive genre and social voices. As for the methodological guidance, it is characterized by adopting the interpretativist paradigm of socio-historical base, in addition to positioning in the large field of Applied Linguistics, whose primary focus is specifically located language. In the selected enunciations to corpus – some Rap songs of protesting – it was analyzed the students’ reflective critical reading in the workshops of Rap-song reading, applied in modules of our teaching sequences. Through the carried out analysis, it was noted that the subjects surveyed have come from an educational culture towards the fulfillment of a conteudista proposed curriculum, so that in this scenario we do not see, through reading, training of the individual citizen, able to through his readings, understanding the socio-ideological structure that surrounds them; and so, escaping of understandings the world, based only on common sense. We conclude also that our teaching proposal represented a novelty for students. Initially, some of them did not see this work as reading, however, the majority was heavily involved in the process; so that, in their comments, we realize voices of a critical and reflective look of which comprise environments, and social situation to which they belong.

O processo de acumulação na economia política clássica: uma interpretação não convencional a partir da leitura dos ricos detalhes comumente inexplorados

LOURENÇO, André Luís Cabral de ; Macedo, Luziene Dantas de ; SILVA,Marconi Gomes da ; BEZERRA, Márcia Maria de Oliveira ; PEREIRA, W. E. N. . O processo de acumulação na economia política clássica: uma interpretação não-convencional a partir da leitura dos ricos detalhes comumente inexplorados. In: Encontro Nacional de Economia Política, 14., 2009, São Paulo. Anais... São Paulo, 2009.

Um artesão de matrioshkas - Ficção histórica e metaficção em Rubem Fonseca

Esta dissertação analisa os recursos metaficcionais nos contos e romances de Rubem Fonseca, incluindo os que tratam de eventos e personagens históricos, fundindo, assim, ficção e História. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em teóricos que se debruçam sobre a metaficção, esta tendência que marca o Pós-Modernismo em literatura, a exemplo de Linda Hutcheon (1991), Patricia Waugh (2003) e Gustavo Bernardo (2010). Um dos escritores brasileiros mais respeitados dentro e fora de nossas fronteiras, Fonseca estreia nos anos 1960 trilhando um caminho próprio dentro da prosa de ficção brasileira, não só pelas narrativas violentas, faceta pela qual ele é mais conhecido, mas também pelo caráter autorreflexivo, autoconsciente e digressivo de seus textos. Acusado de ser repetitivo, nota-se que, se é verdade que seus personagens em geral são “tipos” (o artista culto, o detetive, o “garanhão”), ele costuma experimentar na forma, variando os focos narrativos de maneira a entretecer camadas narrativas e parodiar gêneros: O caso Morel, por exemplo, é um romance policial que implode o romance policial; o conto "H.M.S. Cormorant em Paranaguá", por seu turno, é uma homenagem à segunda geração romântica brasileira, representada por Álvares de Azevedo, em uma conformação pós-moderna de pastiche. A obra cinquentenária de Rubem Fonseca joga luz sobre questões que estão na “ordem do dia”, como o tripé artista-sociedade-mercado, e introduz um outro olhar sobre o passado histórico - incluindo a História da cultura, principalmente da literatura. As narrativas aqui analisadas testam os limites que separam – ou não – a ficção da dita realidade, e são por nós classificadas nas seguintes categorias: autobiografia romanceada, romance biográfico, romance histórico pós-moderno, pastiche, metaficção historiográfica e metaficção policial.

Coevolução e as práticas isomórficas de gestão: um estudo sobre os processos de mudanças institucionais no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do RN

The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers

O city marketing em Natal/RN e a construção da imagem da cidade

The growing importance of tourism in overall economic activity worldwide has favored the intensification of competition among cities that seek to create environments attractive to tourists and potential investors. It has been common practice to import characteristics of the business environment in the public management of cities. The city marketing is a key tool used by public leaders to promote a linkage between the tourism image and urban image and involves, in addition to promoting the image of the city, the planning of interventions in urban space, trying to formulate a positive image of the city able to facilitate the deployment of capital. This research seeks to understand the nature of city marketing as part of contemporary urban management and analyzes how is its application in decisions concerning the promotion of tourism in Natal/RN. The approach of this research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, in which respondents were the main leaders of two of the official tourism site, the Empresa Potiguar de Promoção Turística and the Secretaria Municipal de Turismo e Desenvolvimento Econômico. It was found that there is a strong articulation of public power with private enterprise in the design and conduct of the actions of urban marketing, that from the survey data show that the behavior of target markets provide guidelines for taking strategic decisions relating to tourism. Sun and sea are some key elements explored to form the image of Natal and to authorize the sale of the city as a tropical paradise. However, there is an increase in the diversification of tourism products, seeking to increase flow to the segments of ecotourism, adventure, business and culture. It s also growing the use of local culture as a tourism product, however, the cultural representation focuses on superficial values and does not bring to light the social and historical richness that the city has. Public authorities use the city marketing strategies as a means able to maximize the attractiveness of Natal urban space to investors, business groups and tourists. It can be observed that urban managers seek solutions that can continuously increase the tours, which often manifests in interventions that focus the tourist areas of the city, in oposition of those who do not contribute to a positive reading of the city, which ultimately generate the worsening of spacial and social inequalities

A cultura de índio, seu menino, vem de longe aqui : formação histórica e territorialização dos Tremembé/CE

This dissertation is based on the ethnography of a strategic selection of three Tremembé ethnic situations, which are situated in the backlands of Acaraú and Itarema, municipalities located in Ceará State (Northeast Brazil). My main aims are the following. Firstly, I reconstitute the historical and social formation of three localities, called Lagoa dos Negros, Telhas, and Queimadas, related to a particular origin myth which refers to Almofala, an extinct colonial Aldeamento in the seashore, where the Tremembé indians and other native populations were converted and gathered under missionary administration. According to the origin myth, these three localities were set up after a strong drought which happened in 1888 (the so called three eights) when a group of Tremembé families moved to the countryside and established close to the Lagoa dos Negros and, later on, they were segmented into smaller groups which started to live in other areas and places not far from the former location. Notably, I develop an anthropological approach to understand the historical formation of these three localities. Secondly, I analyze some processes of territorialization, which were emerged from the 1980s and had important consequences to these indigenous families throughout the next two decades. This historical dimension is re-appropriated and ressignified in ethnic terms. A third point of my work is the analysis of the construction of territorialities and also the cultural and symbolic dimensions which are formulated by the Tremembé Indians who live in these localities. Therefore, I investigate some cultural traditions and rituals, such as the Torém dance, but I also examine their multiple semantics, which constitute a transversal direction throughout the history understood by the Tremembé of the different social situations I researched. To sum up, there is a process of cultural actualization, which is still going on and presents itself through the ludic sphere as well as their political and religions dimensions, which are usually associated to the ritual presentation of the Torém

O domínio da leitura e da escrita : por que não eu?

The study and research field of Education is wide and rich, mainly when it goes towards the empirical area of social reality. This research focuses on young and adult subjects who cannot read or write, although they had had access to and attended schools in Natal/RN. The locus of the research are the Municipal Schools that develop the Youth and Adults Education program EJA, having representatives from the North, South, East and West zones of the city, in a total of 6 municipal schools. It analyzes these subjects' replies to the questions: "Why are there young and adults who attended school but still cannot read or write?", What are the exclusion situations they face by not being able to read or write?". From a dialectic view on the subject, the research's strategy for data collection is the semi-structured interview to collect the replies given by the interviewees; replies that are separated by analysis categories presented charts of ideas. The research's results are analyzed and lead us to the conclusion that the affective, organic, cognitive, social, political and pedagogical factors are mentioned by the subjects as reasons why they can not dominate the reading or writing skills. The youth and adults interviewed are not happy with their school failure; the reading and writing learning is something that eases their social inclusion into a society that privileges such abilities, and that with it they could avoid the social exclusion they faced at school, in the work place, at home, in church, at health centers, on the street, at their children's school and in public assistance institutions

Visões da cidade : da cidade histórica aos bairros da Cidade Alta e Ribeira em Natal-RN

The present work is an initiative of undertaking a perspective that values the aspects of the city in its diversity. The one that t intends is to discuss the urbanity starting from the aspect of the image, of the history, and about main point, to value the point of the individual's view that lives the urban space in its more several configurations: the house, the street, the neighborhood, and the city in wider scale. The described historical research defines the city as space of the human accomplishments. When analyzing the moments of the most recent history of the urban life the modernity/post-modernity notions they are explored in the sense of illuminating the wealth, continuity and it breaks of patterns of behavior, and on the other hand, to describe a I overfly in the several times of the city. The prominences of aspects of the archaeology and of the descriptive resource they are related, for its time, the most punctual perspective of the practical research, the instance of the neighborhood, specifically High City and Riverside, configuring an immersion in the daily more punctual of the city, valuing forms of being, aiming the perspective of the personal computer as point-of-view. The images of the city assume the paper of representing the documental about the current features of the urbanity. It is without a doubt that at the present time the photographic image already possesses a paper of prominence it is as research instrument, be as main source for a work on files of photos. The photographic images in the present work possess a prominence place, focusing specific places of the city in the time. Finally, the individual's voice valued under the perspective on as the person's knowledge that inhabits and live the urbanity he/she understands the knowledge of the life in the city and, more than in any other place, a middle where the loss of action models is pointed very easily tends in view the dynamic movement of the practices and renewal of new indications; in the same space in that becomes urgent to build marks starting from which the individual can shimmer the future. And in that space the individual's voice is valued as rich source of information on living the scenery of conflicts of the present time

Arche Tupi : uma leitura arquetípica da mulher índia em Casa-Grande & Senzala

This dissertation is a proposal for dialogue between Brazilian Social Thought, History of Portuguese America and the Analytical Psychology of C.G. Jung, highlighting the following archetypes: Anima, Animus, Shadow and Persona. Directing the study to the image of Indian women in this Brazilian interpretation of Casa-Grande & senzala by Gilberto Freyre, have largely centered on denial of the feminine image as a creative and positive in the minds of Brazilian culture, where a more specific analysis. We assume that your work has inspired several bridges over imaginary things in Brazil, including aspects relating to miscegenation, the study of foreign travelers, Jesuits and settlers / invaders of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the Portuguese disembarked in America and in this sense, the influence of his work as wasteful image through time and space of the Portuguese slave order. Above all, we intend to do a reading of Native women thought in his book