Efeito de ligantes do receptor NOP no modelo animal de mania induzido por metilfenidato

Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychopathology that reaches from 1 to 4% of the world population. This mood disorder is characterized by cyclical mood changes, in which an individual alternates between states of depression and mania. Mania is described in the literature as an abnormal state of exacerbation of humor, in which the subject presents an expansive, euphoric behavior, but with increased irritability, psychomotor agitation and a feeling of invincibility, which will contribute to risks exposure. The treatment of this psychopathology is complex and it is not effective in all cases, and it evokes many side effects. In this respect, the system of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) can be studied as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of bipolar disorder, due to its modulatory role on monoaminergic systems and on mood. This study aims to investigate the effect of NOP receptor ligands in an animal model of mania induced by methylphenidate. To this aim, locomotor activity was assessed in an open field, in mice treated with methylphenidate (10 mg/kg, sc, 15 min). Valproate (300 mg / kg, ip, 30 min), standard treatment of mania, prevented methylphenidate-induced hyperlocomotion. The acute treatment with the antagonist of NOP receptor UFP-101 (1-10 nmol, icv, 5 min) per se did not affect the spontaneous locomotion of mice, but it was able of attenuating hyperlocomotion induced by methylphenidate. The acute treatment with N/OFQ (1 and 0.1 nmol, icv, 5 min) did not alter the distance moved, but when tested at a dose of 1 ηmol, N/OFQ slightly reduced methylphenidate-induced hiperlocomotion. In conclusion, the administration of UFP-101 and N/OFQ produced antimanic-like actions. Furthermore, these data suggest that the system of N/OFQ performs a complex modulation of voluntary movement, and consequently on dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Avaliação da cinemática do complexo tóracoabdominal durante repouso e endurance muscular respiratória em obesos

Background: Obesity may affect the respiratory system, causing changes in respiratory function and in the pulmonary volumes and flows. Objectives: To evaluate the influence of obesity in the movement of thoracoabdominal complex at rest and during maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), and the contribution between the different compartments of this complex and the volume changes of chest wall between obese and non-obese patients. Materials and Methods: We studied 16 patients divided into two groups: the obese group (n = 8) and group non-obese (n = 8). The two groups were homogeneous in terms of spirometric characteristics (FVC mean: 4.97 ± 0.6 L - 92.91 ± 10.17% predicted, and 4.52 ± 0.6 L - 93.59 ± 8.05%), age 25.6 ± 5.0 and 26.8 ± 4.9 years, in non-obese and obese respectively. BMI was 24.93 ± 3.0 and 39.18 ± 4.3 kg/m2 in the groups investigated. All subjects performed breathing calm and slow and maneuver MVV, during registration for optoelectronic plethysmography. Statistical analysis: we used the unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney. Results: Obese individuals had a lower percentage contribution of the rib cage abdominal (RCa) during breathing at rest and VVM. The variation of end expiratory (EELV) and end inspiratory (EILV) lung volumes were lower in obese subjects. It has been found asynchrony and higher distortion between compartments of thoracoabdominal complex in obese subjects when compared to non-obese. Conclusions: Central obesity impairs the ventilation lung, reducing to adaptation efforts and increasing the ventilatory work