21 resultados para Virulência (Microbiologia) Teses
em Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte(UFRN)
Resumo:
VITULLO, Nadia Aurora Vanti. Avaliao do banco de dissertaes e teses da Associao Brasileira de Antropologia: uma anlise cienciomtrica. 2001. 143 f. Dissertaao (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Biblioteconomia e Cincia da Informao, Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.
Resumo:
OLIVEIRA, Raimundo Muniz de. Biblioteca digital de teses e dissertaoes: uma referencia fundamental. In: CINFORM ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENSINO E PESQUISA DA INFORMAAO,HUMANISMO E DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLOGICO,7.,2007,Salvador. Anais...Salvador:UFBA, 2007.Disponivel em:www.cinform.ufba.br>. Acesso em: 27 set. 2007. Acesso em: 27 set. 2010.
Resumo:
CUNHA, Jacqueline de Arajo. Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaes: uma estratgia de preservao da memria cientfica. 2009. 141f. Dissertao (Mestrado)- Programa de Ps-Graduao em Cincia da Informao. Universidade Federal da Paraba, Joo Pessoa, 2009.
Resumo:
A pesquisa aborda o uso das Tecnologias de Informao e Comunicao, que vem revolucionando as atividades e ocasionando muitas mudanas relacionadas ao acesso e uso de informaes. O objetivo foi analisar o grau de utilizao do conhecimento cientfico produzido pelos Programas de Ps-Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras, atravs da BDTD, pelos mestrandos dos referidos programas. Nos procedimentos metodolgicos realizados, procurou-se inicialmente analisar o amplo espectro da populao do corpus da pesquisa. Em razo da impossibilidade de trabalhar com os Programas de Ps-Graduao como um todo, optou-se por fazer um recorte, elegendo os cursos de Ps-Graduao em Cincia da Informao, vez que estes representam o principal segmento social de interesse da pesquisa. Foi utilizado o mtodo de estudo de usurios, onde se optou por adotar o grupo, estudos orientados aos usurios, que identifica as necessidades e comportamento de acesso e uso da informao. Para coletar os dados, elaborou-se um questionrio semi-estruturado com 25 questes, que versavam sobre o uso, dificuldades de acesso e recuperao da informao, bem como a satisfao na utilizao dessa fonte informacional. Dentre os vrios resultados obtidos, podemos destacar o fato de que a maioria dos mestrandos (71,8%) s teve contato com a BDTD somente no momento em que se encontrava cursando o mestrado e, somente 24,3%, tiveram contato durante a graduao. Estes resultados representam um problema, que pode afetar o bom desempenho do projeto BDTD, o qual consiste em disseminar e divulgar a produo cientfica dos Programas de Ps-Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras para a sua comunidade. Foi observado tambm, que os mestrandos oriundos do curso de Biblioteconomia tende a ter contato com a BDTD bem mais cedo do que mestrandos de outros cursos de graduao. A fim de minimizar o problema detectado, prope-se uma divulgao mais eficaz na graduao atravs de dois procedimentos: Primeiro, o docente deve fazer uma divulgao mais eficaz da BDTD junto aos discentes de todos os cursos de graduao; segundo: dever ser feita a divulgao na mdia eletrnica, atravs da insero de cones da BDTD, nos portais dos Departamentos dos Cursos de Graduao das Universidades Pblicas Brasileiras. Acredita-se que com estes procedimentos seja possvel aperfeioar o uso dessa fonte de informao cientfica.
Bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes brasileiras: paradigma do acesso livre informao cientfica
Resumo:
A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela A evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo e o impacto causado pela se analisar as contribuies da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaes (BDTD)para a comunicao cientfica atual, destacando possibilidades emergentes e desafios a serem superados. Apresenta uma breve evoluo da comunicao cientfica ao longo do tempo; discute os impactos causados pela Internet na comunicao, disponibilizao e acessibilidade de informaes tcnico-cientficas; e caracteriza BDTD destacando os desafios a serem superados. Dentre eles esto, a questo dos direitos autorais que ocasionam a baixa adeso dos autores ao projeto piloto do IBICT para disponibilizar teses e dissertaes no meio eletrnico. Para este desafio, so apontadas sugestes.
Resumo:
As bibliotecas de teses e dissertaes tm um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento cientfico e cultural de um pas. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, de modo geral, analisar o panorama brasileiro das bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes. Especificamente, objetivou-se caracterizar a sociedade da informao enquanto contexto das BDTD; caracterizar os vrios tipos de bibliotecas surgidos a partir da insero das novas tecnologias de informao e comunicao; identificar as diretrizes norteadoras da implantao de BDTD; e levantar as BDTD existentes no Brasil. Para tato, alm de levantamento bibliogrfico, realizou-se uma pesquisa nos sites de instituies de ensino superior brasileiras que j dispe de bibliotecas digitais de teses e dissertaes em funcionamento. A anlise e interpretao destes dados nos permite considerar que no Brasil as BDTD encontram-se num estgio embrionrio, sendo relevante pesquisar a histrica implantao e configurao desse novo modelo de biblioteca.
Resumo:
Dentro de uma imagem construtivista a experimentao apresenta caractersticas peculiares, como o uso de conhecimentos prvios, dialogo, reflexo, problematizao, interdisciplinaridade, e relaes ao cotidiano, apresentando-se como uma atividade de investigao, em que o aluno deve refletir, discutir, explicar e relatar, caracterizando assim uma investigao cientfica Este trabalho tem como objetivo promover aprendizagem significativa do contedo de microbiologia, considerado um contedo abstrato, atravs de atividades empricas se utilizando do mtodo por investigao, desmistificando a informao de que microrganismos so apenas agentes patognicos ao focar ecologia e importncia econmica de alguns desses seres, e sensibilizando quanto importncia da higienizao correta dos alimentos ingeridos crus. Abordagem foi realizada no 2 ano do ensino mdio em uma escola pblica, conveniada ao PIBID/UFRN/Biologia. Concretizada pela aplicao de duas atividades experimentais baseadas na problematizao: Agora eu vi, realmente existem! e Comer, comer para poder crescer. Os experimentos foram realizados em aulas diferentes e caracterizam-se em sensibilizao da higienizao de alimentos consumidos crus, e anlise da funo e importncia econmica de alguns microrganismos. A exposio do estudante a um problema em que ele pode vivenciar no se dia-a-dia o encoraja a envolver-se no seu prprio processo de aprendizagem, alm de orient-lo a aplicar o conhecimento adquirido em situaes prticas, desenvolvendo desta forma habilidades especificas que possibilitem a continuidade de sua educao. Conclumos ento que utilizao de atividades experimentais realizadas pelo mtodo de investigao gera aprendizagem de procedimentos e atitudes, alm da aprendizagem de conceitos/contedos.
Resumo:
Staphylococcus aureus resistente meticilina (MRSA) um dos principais agentes de infeces associadas a servios de sade em todo o mundo. No Brasil, h a predominncia de um clone de MRSA multirresistente denominando clone epidmico brasileiro (CEB). Entretanto, novos clones nomultirresistentes com alta virulência tm sido descritos em infeces comunitrias e hospitalares. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar a caracterizao fenotpica e genotpica de cepas de MRSA isoladas na cidade do Natal/RN. Inicialmente avaliamos 60 amostras de S. aureus quanto a resistncia meticilina atravs de diferentes tcnicas fenotpicas, utilizando a deteco do gene mecA por PCR como padro. O antibiograma de todas as cepas foi realizado utilizando 12 antimicrobianos conforme descrito pelo CLSI. As cepas de MRSA foram caracterizadas geneticamente atravs da tipagem do cassete cromossmico estafiloccico mec (SCCmec) e da eletroforese em campo eltrico alternado (PFGE). Dos 60 S. aureus estudados, 45 foram resistentes meticilina. Observamos que para algumas cepas de MRSA os testes de triagem em gar com 6μg/mL de oxacilina e difuso em meio slido com oxacilina-1μg apresentaram dificuldades na sua interpretao. No entanto, todas as 45 amostras de MRSA, foram facilmente detectadas pelos testes com o disco de cefoxitina-30μg e pesquisa da PBP2a. A anlise molecular das cepas de MRSA mostrou 8 padres distintos de PFGE (A-H), com predominncia do padro A (73%), relacionado ao CEB. Estas carreavam o SCCmec tipo IIIA, e apresentaram uma considervel variedade de subtipos (A1-A16). Cinco cepas de MRSA portando SCCmec IV tambm foram xiv identificadas, trs delas relacionadas geneticamente ao clone USA800 (Padro B). Destas cinco, trs (2 padro F e 1 padro B) foram altamente susceptveis as drogas testadas, entretanto, dois outros isolados, padro B, apresentaram multirresistncia. As amostras restantes pertenciam a padres de PFGE distintos dos clones internacionais predominantes em nosso continente. Para realizao deste projeto de pesquisa, a metodologia exigiu a interao com pesquisadores de reas como: infectologia, microbiologia e biologia molecular. Portanto, esta dissertao apresentou um carter de multidisciplinaridade e transdiciplinaridade no seu desenvolvimento
Resumo:
Despite Candida species are often human commensals isolated from various oral sites such as: tongue, cheek and palatal mucosa plus subgingival region, there are some properties linked to the organism commonly known as virulence factors which confer them the ability to produce disease. Oral candidiasis is one of the main oral manifestations reported in literature related to kidney transplant patients. The objectives of the present study were to identify and investigate virulence factors of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients admitted at the Hospital Universitrio Onofre Lopes, in Natal RN. Seventy Candida species isolated from 111 kidney transplant recipients were investigated in this study. Identification of the isolates was performed by using the evidence of germ tube formation, hypertonic broth, tolerance to grow at 42C, micromorphology and biochemical profiles. We observed a high rate of isolation of yeasts from the oral cavity of kidney transplant recipients (63.1%) being C. albicans was the most prevalent species. Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 14.4% of transplant recipients. We evaluated virulence properties of the isolates regarding to: biofilm formation on polystyrene microplates as well as XTT reduction, adherence to acrylic resin and human buccal epithelial cells and proteinase activity. Most isolates were able to form biofilm by the method of adhesion to polystyrene. All isolates of Candida spp. remained viable during biofilm formation when analyzed by the method of XTT reduction. The number of CFU attached to the acrylic resin suggested high adherence for C. parapsilosis. C. albicans isolates showed higher median adherence to human buccal epithelial cells than non-C. albicans Candida isolates. Nevertheless, this difference was not statistically significant. C. dubliniensis showed low ability to adhere to plastic and epithelial cells and biofilm formation. Proteolytic activity was observed for all the isolates investigated, including the unique isolate of C. dubliniensis. There was a statistically significant association between proteinase production and the presence of oral candidiasis. Studies related to oral candidiasis in renal transplant recipients are limited to clinical and epidemiological data, but investigations concerning Candida spp. virulence factor for this group of individuals are still scarce. We emphasize the importance of studies related to virulence factors of yeasts isolated from this population to contribute to the knowledge of microbiological aspects of oral candidiasis
Resumo:
Candida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. The investigation of natural products is mandatory for the discovery of new targets for antifungal drugs development. This study aimed to determine the genotypes of 48 clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil. In addition, we investigated three virulence factors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The expression of these virulence factors in vitro was also investigated in the presence of the crude extract of Eugenia uniflora. The genotype A was the most prevalent (30 isolates; 62.5%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 31.5%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 6.25%). When microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within the same cluster. All Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C was considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil showed higher ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis. We found a high rate of genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of patients. The crude extract of E. uniflora inhibited proper hypha formation and phagocytosis by PMNs, but had no significant effect on phospholipase activity. This study characterized oral C. albicans strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute for the better understanding of the pathogenesis and alternative therapeutics for oral candidiasis
Resumo:
This work has the main purpose of conducting a survey of educational products present in dissertations and doctoral theses focused on the use of history in mathematics teaching and Didactics of mathematics with a French foundation produced in graduate programs in the strict sense of the Brazil between 1990 and 2010, the areas of Education, Mathematics Education, school of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and related areas, according to the research proposal of Mendes (2010). Our interest was to select the products that present concrete proposals for educational activities that can be used in the classroom of Basic Education and Training of Teachers of Mathematics. The research was implemented through a bibliographic study documents the Bank of dissertations and theses from CAPES, libraries and archives of some Postgraduate programs in the country who focus their studies on the subject object of this research, besides the Brazilian Digital Library Theses and Dissertations (BDBTD). From this survey we selected works that present educational products materialized in blocks of activities based on the use of teaching history of mathematics to the classroom as well as the sequence of activities based on the Teaching of Mathematics. In possession of material, produce a CD-ROM containing the selected activities, in order to help support the work of teachers regarding the use of these activities, as a supplementary material to textbooks in their math classes
Resumo:
This research aims to make a reflective analysis about the academic production originated in the stricto sensu post graduation programs in the country, produced in the period of 1990 to 2010, in the field of History of Mathematics, especifically on works about the History of Mathematics in Mathematics education and that present pedagogical proposals that make use of the History of Mathematics in order to teach Mathematics. Defending the thesis that the researches on mathematics education with goals turned to the use of didactic proposals related to the history of mathematic that take in consideration the coherency between epistemological aspects inherent to mathematics history and anthological elements materialized on the conceptions of mathematics and mathematics history and of apprenticeship (implicitly or explicitly exposed) may originate significant contribution to the field of history of mathematics on education. Among these, nine were Masters Degree dissertations and five PHDs theses. The reflective analysis was accomplished from two matrixes; one from theoretical nature and the other, ontologic nature, elaborated from the pretexts of Sanches Gamboa, about the epistemological analysis from academic production in the field of Mathematics Education and the following theoretical perspectives in the field of History of Mathematics Education, that are: linear evolutionary theory, structural construtivist operative, evolutionary discontinuous, historical and socialcultural investigation and the use of activities estimulating the usage of verbal and nonverbal expressions. These perspectives were based on the works of Miguel and Miorim, Mendes and Radford. As results, we have detected some established dissonances between the categories related to theoretical and ontologic levels and the pedagogical proposal presented in these researches. On the other hand, we have discovered works that are able to establish consonances between the theoretical and ontological elements and the presented pedagogical proposal. These works carry significative contributions to the field of History of Mathematics applied to Mathematics pedagogical practice, inclusively presenting significative theoretical elements to the production of knowledge recognized as scientific in the Mathematics field
Resumo:
Several studies have been developed regarding health risks associated with the recreational use of beaches contaminated with domestic sewage. These wastes contain various microorganisms, including Candida tropicalis, etiologic agent of both superficial infections such as systemic, as well as indicator of fecal contamination for the environment. In this context, the objective of this study was to characterize C. tropicalis isolates from the sandy beach of Ponta Negra, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, regarding the expression of in vitro virulence factors, adaptation to osmotic stress and susceptibility to antifungal drugs. We analyzed 62 environmental isolates of C. tropicalis and observed a great variation between them for the various virulence factors evaluated. In general, environmental isolates were more adherent to CEBH than C. tropicalis ATCC13803 reference strain, besides the fact they were also highly biofilm producers. In relation to morphogenesis, most isolates presented wrinkled phenotype in Spider medium (34 isolates, 54.8 %). When assessing enzyme activity, most isolates had higher proteinase production than C. tropicalis ATCC13803 reference strain. In addition, 35 isolates (56.4 %) had high hemolytic activity (hemolysis index > 55). With regard to C. tropicalis resistance to osmotic stress, 85.4% of the isolates were able to grow in a liquid medium containing 15% sodium chloride, corroborating to high survival capacity described for this yeast at marine environment. Finally, with regard to sensitivity to antifungal drugs, it was observed high resistance to the azoles tested, with the occurrence of the "Low-high" phenomenon and similar effect to the paradoxical growth which occurs to the echinocandins. For the three azoles tested we verified that 15 strains were resistant (24.2 %). Some strains were also resistant to amphotericin B (14 isolates, 22.6 %), while all of them were sensitive for the echinocandins tested. Therefore, our results demonstrate that C. tropicalis isolated from the sand of northeast of Brazil can fully express virulence attributes and showed a high persistence capacity on the coastal environment, in addition of being significantly resistant to most applied antifungals in current clinical practice. This constitutes a potential health risk to visitors of this environment, especially immunocompromised individuals and those with extreme age range.
Resumo:
This doctoral dissertationproposes the description, interpretation and analysis of the compositional structure of thesis and dissertation abstracts, with regard to the linguistic mechanisms that evidence text zones of different typological sequences, such as those of the text plan. Along these lines, the research problem was developed from the notion of compositional structure (sequences and text plans), as one of the levels or plans of text analysis, according to the theoretical framework proposed by Jean-Michel Adam (2011a). The main objective of this study was to recognize how the compositional structure, of thesis and dissertation abstracts, is achieved, with respect to text units and the global organization of this text category. The hypothesis posed in this research posits that specific informational text composition categories of abstracts are necessary to process the representation of the original text and the way in which it makes its meaning. Subsequently, this study is based on the theoretical and methodological framework of Text Linguistics (TL) and, above all, Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA), as we endeavor to understand the organizational structure of abstracts from both a linguistic and textual perspective. This structure involves the text plan of abstracts, with respect to their communicative purpose, i.e, the sharing of scientific information in its standard textual form. Thus, the development of this study, from a theoretical and methodological perspective, is based on the theoretical and descriptive premises from TDA (ADAM, 2011a, 2012; PASSEGGI et al., 2010), and also from TL (BEAUGRANDE; DRESSLER, (2012 [1981]); COSERIU; LAMAS (2010); MARCUSCHI, 2009 [1983]; FVERO; KOCH, 1994;KOCH, 2006; BENTES, 2004; BENTES; LEITE, 2010), within the field of text studies. The methodology of this study relies on empirical, documental research, which is qualitative, and adopts a descriptive and interpretive approach. From the empirical perspective, our objective is to understand the problems pertaining to the textual composition of abstracts, aiming to elucidate them in light of the theoretical and methodological framework previously mentioned. The corpus of the analysis is comprised of seven abstracts designated for systematic data collection. These texts, written between 2004 and 2011,were selected from Masters theses and Doctoral dissertations in their electronic version, from the graduate program at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. A thorough review of the literature reveals a clear fluctuation in the terminology of the concept, abstract. The results of the analysis revealed that the abstracts, which comprise the corpus of analysis in this study, in general, present typological heterogeneity, while the text plan remains fixed. Finally, the new knowledge gained in this research contributes both to the understanding of the compositional structure of abstracts as well as their production.
Resumo:
VITULLO, Nadia Aurora Vanti. Avaliao do banco de dissertaes e teses da Associao Brasileira de Antropologia: uma anlise cienciomtrica. 2001. 143 f. Dissertaao (Mestrado) - Curso de Mestrado em Biblioteconomia e Cincia da Informao, Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.
