O PAPEL DO CETICISMO NA FILOSOFIA DO JOVEM HEGEL

Ce travail veut montrer que le scepticisme n‟est pas q‟un des principaux d��fis pour la philosophie moderne jusqu‟a la d��flagration da la Reforme Protestante, la redecouverte et la traduction des textes de Sexte Empirique. La reception de ce scepticisme n‟est q‟un des principaux facteurs qui determinent le noveau fondament da la philosophie moderne avec base dans la subjectivit��. Dans ce contexte d‟un nouveau fondament de la philosophie sous la base de la subjectivit��, Hegel aborde le probl��me du scepticisme. La pens�� developp�� par Hegel dans p��riode de Jena (1801-1807), principalement dans l‟��crit de la Differance parmi les philosophies de Fichte e Schelling, et dans les articles du Journal Critic de Philosophie, Relation du scepticisme avec la philosophie et Foi et Savoir, part du dialogue avec la philosophie d‟idealisme allemand, qui est le point plus haut du subjectivisme dans la philosophie developp�� �� partir du retour du scepticisme. Hegel essaye �� trav��s l‟interpretation et la superation du scepticisme, ��tablir une nouvelle base pour la philosophie. Alors, le scepticisme, dans cette p��riode de la philosophie d‟Hegel, a la function d‟��tre la negativit�� propre �� la authentique philosophie qui an��ante le point de vue des les philosophies de la subjectivit��. Cette mani��re comme Hegel int��gre la scepticisme �� sa philosophie, a son point plus haut dans la Ph��nom��nologie de l Esprit. La figure du scepticisme parfait pr��sent�� dans l‟introduction de la Ph��nom��nologie de l Esprit a la function de faire le passage du point de vue des philosophies de la subjectivit�� au point de vue esp��culatif da la raison

Lacan, G��del, a ci��ncia e a verdade

Jaques Lacan, the thinker who proposes a return to the fundamentals of psychoanalysis in Freud states that the math would face as a privileged way of transmission of knowledge by the science. Although he was a follower of the mathematization of nature as the foundation of modern science, for him this principle does not imply eliminating the subject that produces it. That would be equivalent to saying that there can not be a language, whatever, even the math, that may "erases" the subject assumption in science. In the text The science and the truth we will try to introduce the idea, not so simple, by the way, the truth as the cause. Citing the framework of the causes in Aristotle, Lacan will speak of a homology between the truth as formal cause, in the case of science, and the truth as material cause, on the side of psychoanalysis. Among its aims with this text, he wants to establish that the unconscious of the subject would be none other than the subject of science. The famous incompleteness theorems of logical-mathematical Kurt G��del enter here as a chapter of this issue. Recognized as true watershed, these theorems have to be remembered as revealing even outside the mathematical environment, and Lacan himself is not indifferent to this. He makes mention of G��del's name and draws some observations apparently modest support for his own theory. Since some technical sophisticated knowledges awaits the reader who intends understand this supposed corroboration that G��del provides to psychoanalysis, introduce the student of Lacan in the use he makes of the incompleteness theorems is the objective of this work. In The science and the truth, which fits us to locate the name of G��del, one must question how seize such an idea without incurring the extrapolation and abuse of mathematical knowledge, almost trivial in this case. Thus, this paper aims to introduce the reader to the reasoning behind the theorems of G��del, acquaint him about the Lacan���s mathematical claims, and indicate how to proceed using this implicit math in the text The science and the truth.

M��sica, filosofia, forma����o: por uma escuta sens��vel do mundo

La musique, plus qu`um mot et le texte ��crit, a le pouvoir de produire le d��placement du sujet en relation aux contingences du temps e de l��espace. Entendre de la musique est plus que de l��amusement. Comme un artifice cognitif qui ultrapasse l��exp��rience analytique e m��tonymique, les formes tonales doublent la r��alit��, expandent les sens, actionent l��imagination, retotalisent les sentiments, amplient les exp��riences, permettent la rencontre du sujet avec les ��ssences des ph��nom��nes qui ne sont pas traductibles par les mots. Nous ��coutons de la musique pour restituer notre dignit�� e conf��rer �� la vie plus de v��rit��, plus de concr��tion (Santiago Kovadloff). La m��lodie permet l��exp��rimentation des ��tats de coh��sion, de con��ction pleine entre sens et intention, entre commencement et fin, de la finitude de la vie (Schopenhauer). Le ph��nom��ne musical provoque l��expr��ssion de la douleur, de la souffrance et, au m��me temps, du jubile et de la joie, r��liant nature et homme (Nietzsche). Tenant comme base cette compr��hension, la dissertation tient dans la musique une importante m��taphore pour comprendre la complexit�� humaine, une fois qu��elle propicie une ��coute sensible du monde et mobilise dans le sujet l��exp��rimentation de divers ��tats de l����tre. Nous pouvons dire que la musique est un op��rateur de la conaissence parce qu��elle fait affleurer l����coute int��rieure, la rencontre du sujet avec lui m��me. Cet op��rateur cognitif actione les p��les de l����sprit qui font dialoguer sensibilit��, ��thique et esth��tique, ordre et chaos, silence et bruit, mouvement et pause, rep��tition et inovation. Par l��exp��rience musicale, nous habitons des formes hibrides de sensibilit�� et raison. L��inach��vement, notre principal caract��ristique comme humains, a, dans la musique, une image impair, parce que la musique est l��expression du d��vir. Pour tisser ces arguments, la dissertation part des ��tudes de Schopenhauer et Nietzsche sur la musique, esth��tique et m��taphysique; Expose des fragments de la biographie de trois grands penseurs contemporains (Werner Heinsenberg, Ilya Prigogine et Edgar Morin) accentuant la pr��sence de la musique en ses vies; et, par fin, pr��sente ce que nous appelons biographies sonores de quatre artistes-musiciens br��siliens (Benedito Juarez et Gil Jardim, de S��o Paulo, et Ronaldo Ferreira de Lima et, Cleudo Freire, du Rio Grande do Norte)

Nietzsche e a modernidade: da cr��tica �� metaf��sica �� cr��tica �� democracia

This dissertation presents an interpretation concerning the critical considerations of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche on Modernity, especially Nietzsche s criticism of Modernity, of Christian mores and democracy produced by him in Beyond Good and Evil. Nietzsche attentively analyses details of Modernity, produces a diagnosis of modern man and discovers the sign of decay. We consider that Nietzsche s criticism of modernity is directly linked to the criticism of classic metaphysics. We emphasize questions like: what in us aspires to truth? Christian mores: why and what for? What characterizes modernity? Could it be the appeal to the democratic taste? Is it possible to reinvent Modernity? We stress the relation between the notion of truth, democracy and Christian mores, showing that these mores were also inherited from the Socratic culture. We also intend to clarify Nietzsche s proposal of a new way of doing philosophy, that would be able to surpass the decay which rules in European modern culture. The end of this research points out to the ―philosophers of the future‖ who are able, according to Nietzsche, to claim life beyond the metaphysics opposition, beyond the good and the evil

Exist��ncia e liberdade: a trans-descend��ncia ext��tica da vida no livro A religi��o e o nada de Nishitani Keiji

The dialog between the East philosophy and the Western thinking allow us to think the problems inherent to our time from several point of views. Nishitani Keiji, from the Kyoto School, sees the contemporaneity, or the time of the technic, for Heidegger, as derivation and as an immediate consequence of perspective introduced in the modern era form the Cartesian s cogito which creates a barrier that separates man and world. Scientific thinking that dominates our era was created from the thinking that ennobles human reason to the detriment of the others things in the world, determining that the knowledge just can be produced by the man himself and his set of rational powers. However, alerts us Nishitani, this point of view derived from modern thought which imposes subjectivity egocentric type besides not apprehend things in their truth, neither achieves the true self of man. In an attempt to overcome the abuses produced in modernity and that reverberates in our way of be until today, our philosopher will propose the point of view of the nothingness (śūnyatā) as a way to trans-descendance, that is, to overcome the traditional thinking overvalues the reason for the encounter with the original face of man, which by no longer impose its cognitive power can know all things in their true, in the tathatā

Heidegger e a t��cnica moderna

The general objective of this research is to clarify and discuss the original contribution of Martin Heidegger's philosophical reflection on the essence of modern technique. For this purpose, it was structured the interpretative course of this dissertation in two essential moments. At first, we present Heidegger's interpretation of the essence of the modern age which, in turn, will be recognized from the metaphysical foundation that establishes the essence of modern science: the subjectivity that represents, calculates, manages and produces the real. We will see which, in this context, modern science was still thought close to the modern technology, what will change considerably from the writings of the post-war, in which Heidegger thinks modern science from a much broader and essential process in that the essence of the technique has already been unfolding. Thus, in a second moment, we will analyze how, for Heidegger, the modern metaphysics of subjectivity reached its completion at the time of modern art from the principle of control and planning of entities in general (Gestell), revealing the nontechnical sense of the technique (beyond the anthropological, humanistic and instrumental view) as well as the threatening character of modern technique in its conversion project of the entity from the reserve fund (Bestand).

Programas de verdade, "mundos de cren��a": o verdadeiro segundo Paul Vayne

This study comes to reflect on the place of truth in everyday human experience. The notion of truth, expressed in different ways, in different systems of thought, cultural and historical, reveals the non-uniformity of their meaning and the arbitrary grouping under one name, truth. Given this fact, of so many beliefs taken as absolute, we ask with the historian Jean Marie Paul Veyne, if the truth is only one, or many called by a word namesake. If, through their ideas, men cannot access a definitely solid knowledge, unchanging and jaunty interference of the human condition (as their interests and affections), then in what sense it can claim a greater and exclusivist truth? Assuming the impossibility of apprehension of the reality of this type, Paul Veyne develops the notion of truth programs, referential beliefs assumed as cartographies that direct action and thought. He defends thus the idea of heterogeneity and plurality, as irreducible elements of human truths. On the one hand there is in society a plurality of truth programs, on the other there is a plurality of beliefs that is inside man. That is, in the way they believe the men also shows plural, because they believe in more than one program and counter programs. The thought of Paul Veyne is nonetheless a form of skepticism directed at all supposedly absolute and universal anthropological truths, because depending on the belief system studied and the specific moment in its history, a set of rules is established to distinguish the true from the false.

The ethics of gender in Milton's paradise lost

ERICKSON, Sandra S.Fernandes. The ethics of gender in Milton's paradise lost. Principios: revista de filosofia. Natal (RN). v. 5, n. 6, p. 155-170. 1998. ISSN 1983-2109. Disponivel em: <http://www.periodicos.ufrn.br/ojs/index.php/principios/article/view/690>. Acesso em: 04 out. 2010.

Um artes��o de matrioshkas - Fic����o hist��rica e metafic����o em Rubem Fonseca

Esta disserta����o analisa os recursos metaficcionais nos contos e romances de Rubem Fonseca, incluindo os que tratam de eventos e personagens hist��ricos, fundindo, assim, fic����o e Hist��ria. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em te��ricos que se debru��am sobre a metafic����o, esta tend��ncia que marca o P��s-Modernismo em literatura, a exemplo de Linda Hutcheon (1991), Patricia Waugh (2003) e Gustavo Bernardo (2010). Um dos escritores brasileiros mais respeitados dentro e fora de nossas fronteiras, Fonseca estreia nos anos 1960 trilhando um caminho pr��prio dentro da prosa de fic����o brasileira, n��o s�� pelas narrativas violentas, faceta pela qual ele �� mais conhecido, mas tamb��m pelo car��ter autorreflexivo, autoconsciente e digressivo de seus textos. Acusado de ser repetitivo, nota-se que, se �� verdade que seus personagens em geral s��o ���tipos��� (o artista culto, o detetive, o ���garanh��o���), ele costuma experimentar na forma, variando os focos narrativos de maneira a entretecer camadas narrativas e parodiar g��neros: O caso Morel, por exemplo, �� um romance policial que implode o romance policial; o conto "H.M.S. Cormorant em Paranagu��", por seu turno, �� uma homenagem �� segunda gera����o rom��ntica brasileira, representada por ��lvares de Azevedo, em uma conforma����o p��s-moderna de pastiche. A obra cinquenten��ria de Rubem Fonseca joga luz sobre quest��es que est��o na ���ordem do dia���, como o trip�� artista-sociedade-mercado, e introduz um outro olhar sobre o passado hist��rico - incluindo a Hist��ria da cultura, principalmente da literatura. As narrativas aqui analisadas testam os limites que separam ��� ou n��o ��� a fic����o da dita realidade, e s��o por n��s classificadas nas seguintes categorias: autobiografia romanceada, romance biogr��fico, romance hist��rico p��s-moderno, pastiche, metafic����o historiogr��fica e metafic����o policial.

A verdade (des)constru��da: a inser����o da homossexualidade na comunidade crist�� Nova Esperan��a, em Natal

The religious plurality has been increasingly intense in Brazil, while it has served as an object of study in various fields of knowledge. In this context, this paper aims to point out the general heterogeneity among experienced growth of Protestant and evangelical denominations, especially those who claim to be inclusive by attending to human diversity, seeking to understand the relationship between religion and homosexuality. Specific objectives aim to understand the functioning and speeches produced by Comunidade Crist�� Nova Esperan��a in Natal. The theoretical framework was seated in the works of Bento (2008), Lima (2009), Goffman (2001), Natividade (2008), Musskopf (2008), Helminiak (1998), Foucault (1997), among others. We tried to discuss the trajectory and how is the process of organization of the Comunidade Crist�� Nova Esperan��a in Natal, the social advances that have reached homosexuals in our country, how this institution has contributed to the shift in paradigm in Christianity in respect to matters pertaining to religion and homosexuality, and the meaning of being a homosexual christian from the viewpoint perceived by social subjects living this experience

Yes, n��s temos arquitetura moderna! Reconstitui����o e an��lise da arquitetura residencial moderna em Natal das d��cadas de 50 e 60

Brazilian architecture was recognized because of the consecration of the icons of the Carioca and Paulista schools which are represented nationally and internationally by names like Niemeyer, Lucio Costa and Vilanova Artigas, among others. Because of this, classic studies dedicated to the Brazilian case look to present the Southeastern region with the title of father of modern Brazil, at the cost of subjugating various other modern movements and peripheral sayings, whether their values are known or forgotten. On the other hand, there has been an effort, in the sense of registering and analyzing these regional productions of modern Brazilian architecture, an assignment that DOCOMOMO Brasil participates firmly through initiatives like the creation of a Library to aid in the documentation and registration of modernity in Brazil. Inside this context of insertions of the National-Modern scheme, this work has as its objective to present modern potiguar (northern Brazil) architecture through its contemporary residential examples, investigating specifically its constructive, formal aspects, that together that together demonstrate one more architectural emphasis of modern Brazilian architecture: the potiguar. This way, by contributing to the work of the register and the documentation of the Modern Movement and attributing to the modern architecture of Natal it s real worth, we can say: Yes, we have modern architecture

Arquitetura residencial em Jo��o Pessoa-PB a experi��ncia moderna nos anos 1970

In the mid-1980s, the magazine Projeto published the Actual Brazilian Architecture catalogue presenting texts by Hugo Segawa and Ruth Verde Zein with a corpus of works and engaged architects of the 1960s and 1970s. To comprehend the Brazilian architectural production post-1964, in those years of the 1980s, became a significant mission to reactivate the Brazilian architectural debate weakened by the military dictatorship. In his doctoral thesis Spadoni (2003) deals with the different ways which characterizes the Brazilian architectural production of the 1970s. Marked by inventiveness, this production was in tune with the modern thinking and in the transition period between the 1970s and the 1980s it synchronized with the international debate about post-modern architecture. Considering Spadoni s doctoral thesis, this work deals with the modern experience observed in the one-family-houses built in the seventies in Jo��o Pessoa. Some modern experiences were not clear outside, to observe it, it was necessary to search for the type of experience into the spatial disposition and of the know-how constructive, because into the appearance some houses not make explicit the use of the modern language. Other observed experiences allude to the repertoire of the Brazilian period in the years 1940s-1960s, to the experience of the modern architecture in S��o Paulo of the 1960s, to the experiences in which the climate of the Northeastern region strongly influenced the architectural conception. We can also find in a reduced number of houses a particular experience: it refers to experiences that expose the constructive doing, which leave the material apparent and apply to the residential type the experience of the industrial pre-fabricated buildings

Ilha dos indiv��duos: a constru����o social da fortaleza moderna

The aim of this work is to analyze the phenomenon of the partner-space segregation in the city of Fortaleza, having as reference the sprouting of recent forms of housing that privilege areas with desert-like aspects, and the removal from the popular accumulations, which is becoming the shelter of the populations economically favored of the capital. Our field study was developed in the land division Alpha Village, a located urban enterprise in the east of the city. Different from the research that deals with the question of segregation as a sui generis product of the partner-economic inequality, we opt to an analysis directed more towards the dimension of the subjectivity, searching the roots of the phenomenon in the proper constitution of the human being. From interviews with the inhabitants of the related land division, we decided to analyze the social imaginary significances (Castoriadis) that composed their speech, and that they defined in this way, its representations concerning themselves, as strangers that cross the streets of the cited space, becoming thus suspected in potential. Inside our perspective, the segregation gains a ambiguous connotation, therefore at the same time that it authorizes the symbolic destruction of the other, it is also a tool that aids to support the "pain of the unreliability"

Os dias s��o maus : o ensino religioso crist��o em dias p��s-modernos o desafio de fazer crer perante a cultura da incredulidade

This paper adopts the assumption that religion continues to be a major highlight in the dimension of the contemporary world - characterized by pluralism, the ideas of tolerance and freedom. But for certain streams of Christianity, the postmodern culture seems to be characterized as a highly damaging to their doctrines and principles, since this religious matrix carries a truth claim that would support all its significance, its definition values and their dissemination effort ( evangelism ). This is not to say that Christianity is the only religion that claims to the truth, which would be a gross mistake. Now, religion has been reputed as a phenomenon doomed to disappear, according to the " ideology " of Modernity, given the idea that scientific development would lead us inevitably to the statement that religion was merely a social institution based in the superstition, in fantasy, the imaginary and therefore had nothing "real " unless its existence as an institution capable of aggregating society (give it cohesion), provide values and meaning to different ontological anxieties and doubts of humankind. In the contemporary scenario - seeded by modernity - as Christian ideas, doctrines and principles are in harmony or conflict with postmodernity? These are our starting questions and issues that we intend to stop and reflect. From the assumption that the religious phenomenon has great force in the present day, this research aims to perform central analysis of how religious education, a Protestant denomination specific, harmonizes or clashes with the ideology or ideas more general and emphatic that we can observe in the western world is presented to us from the diagnoses made by the contemporary authors who debate about postmodernism and postmodernity, notably David Harvey, Jean - Fran��ois Lyotard, Bauman Zygmunt and Fredric Jameson

Michel Foucault e a domina����o: contribui����es para a sociologia

In this master s thesis I intend to carry out an interpretation of Michel Foucault s thought that points out the relations and theoretical, conceptual and thematic consequences with sociology in his work and theoretical propositions. For my argumentation and analysis I take as a base a specific part of his thought: the problem of domination in modern societies in the genealogic texts in the decade of 1970. It s about to identify how Foucault does his analysis of the relations of domination and the use of the power with the objective to suggest and point out his contribution to sociological analysis of domination. I will discuss the foucaultian program of the study of domination from four units of analysis: person constitution, knowledge, power and truth. The structure and division of the chapters will follow the specific and detailed study of each of those units of analysis, prioritizing their theoretical sense and consequences to the sociology. Thus, in the first chapter, I will highlight a little more the relations of affinity and the convergences between Foucault and the sociology in a way to offer more elements to justify the general objectives that this work intends to achieve. In the second chapter, I will analyze the subject of domination in Foucault s thought, discussing his basic presuppositions and its intrinsic relation with the heart of the foucaultian philosophical project, the person constitution. In turn, in the third and fourth chapter, I will discuss the interdependence between knowledge and power as an essential and opaque dimension of the ways of modern domination. In the fifth chapter, I will analyze the relation between domination and the truth discourse production