Análise dos fatores responsáveis pela alta salinidade do aqüífero fissural da microbacia da Riacho do Feijão - Pedro Avelino/RN

The fissures aquifer northeast semi-arid Brazilian, present high text frequently of leave, with of low a hídric availability. The research has as objective main to analyze the components that inside influence in the salinity of the waterbearing fissures of an evaluation physicist-chemistry of the water, leading in consideration the physical interventions of the environment. One used techniques of interpretation of image of Landsat satellite -1999 and delimitation of the micro basin through the topographical map SUDENE. One identified waters of the NaCl type with Ca++ and Mg++ in secondary concentrations. The analyzed wells (15), had presented an average salinity of 5.147 mg/L of STD and a well only supplies drinking waters with 319 mg/L of STD. The recharge of the aquifer one if carries through for infiltration in the open fracture of ortognaisse it migmatization. The type and directions of the fracture do not control the STD. Relations between salinity and out let do not exist. The quality of the well of low salinity is identical the superficial waters (aquifer dam and alluvial). The studies of the meteoric erosion processes had evidenced that in the transformations of the rock in ground, the Ca++ and Na+ are taken for superficial waters. The treatment of the data chemical showed that the grade of Na+, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl-are controlled for the evaporation process, from only water that would have the qualities of superficial waters or the well of low salinity. Already the HCO3-grade is controlled for the precipitation of the dolomite. The STD of this aquifer one would be consequence of the high tax of evaporation of dams constructed in regions of plain topography. You leave them precipitated in deep argillaceous ones dry dams are led for the aquifer in first rains. The research suggests some recommendations for the use and exploitation of the water salinity in piscicultura, carcinicultura, culture of the grass-salt (Atriplex sp), among others

Variação temporal da Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em um riacho intermitente do semiárido brasileiro

In Brazilian semiarid region, the majority of water bodies are temporary and the biodiversity in these ecosystems is poorly known. The goal of this study was to describe the temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in an intermittent stream in the Brazilian semiarid region. From March to July of 2009, surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates and water physiochemical parameters were done in a first order stream located at Piranhas-Açu River basin. 25 macroinvertebrates families were found, 21 belonging to Insecta class. The chironomids were the most abundant group during all study period and were represented by 19 genus. The largest densities and taxonomic richness were seen in the drying phase of the stream while the smallest values were found in the period with the heaviest rainfalls ( wet phase ). Only the families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae were found during all study period, suggesting that these groups have better adaptations to support floods and droughts. Furthermore, these two groups seemed to be pioneering in this stream. Among the chironomids, Paratendipes dominated the period of floods while Tanytarsus were more abundant in the drying phase . This study showed that hydrological fluctuation is the main force influencing the macroinvertebrate community in this stream, therefore, efforts seeking the conservation and management of Brazilian semiarid water bodies should consider this high natural variability in flow regime

Coordenação entre as respostas da catalase e da ascorbato peroxidade em folhas de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes fontes de peróxido de hidrogênio

The plants are often exposed to variations in environmental conditions that may trigger metabolic disturbances leading to a consequent loss in productivity of crops. These stressful conditions usually induce an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, a condition known how oxidative stress. Among these species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule involved in numerous signaling mechanisms. The present study aimed to understand the relationship between the different enzymatic mechanisms of elimination of H2O2 by catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaf tissues of seedlings of the species Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by application of CAT inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), and H2O2 itself on the roots. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was performed applying the compound 3-AT (5 mM) during the time (hours). In the second experiment, seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 mM) for 48 h. The third strategy included the pre-treatment with H2O2 (2.5 mM) for 24 h, followed by subsequent treatment with the inhibitor 3-AT and recovery control condition. Treatment with 3-AT causes a strong inhibition of CAT activity in leaf tissues accompanied by an increase of activity of APX. However a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids is not observed as indicated by TBARS. It was observed that activity of APX is directly linked to the content of peroxide. Inductions in the activities of CAT and APX were observed mainly in the seedlings treated with 2.5 mM H2O2. This can be associated with a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids. In contrast, one same tendency was not observed in treatments with higher concentrations of this ROS. These results suggest that the concentration of 2.5 mM H2O2 can induce responses antioxidants later in seedling cowpea. This concentration when applied as pre-treatment for 24 h promoted an induction systems removers CAT and APX, both in activity and in terms of gene expression. However this increment was not observed in the recovered plants and the plants subsequently subjected to 3-AT. Additionally, the pretreatment was not sufficient to attenuate the inhibition of CAT activity and oxidative damage to lipids caused by the subsequent application of this inhibitor. The results showed that the application of 3-AT and H2O2 in the root systems of seedlings of cowpea promote changes in the parameters analyzed in leaf tissues that indicate a direct response to the presence of these factors or systemic signaling mecanisms. H2O2 appears to activate the responses of two antioxidant systems in this study thar does not promote greater protection in case of additional treatment with 3-AT. This demonstrates the importance of the CAT system. In this work, complete results indicate that there is a difference between the signaling and the effects caused by exposure to H2O2 and by treatment with 3-AT

"Reforma urbana já"; "arroz, feijão, saúde e habitação" :A luta por moradia na grande João Pessoa

Our object of study in this work concerns to the movement of fight for the housing in the Great João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil, and looks for to investigate the conditions and context of the occupations of building, public or private, for devoid populations that do not have where to live. Front to the absence of politics effective directed to the habitation or the cities, in a picture of unemployment and impoverishment of the population, the result of the habitation point of view, is the absolute lack of popular housings, the degradation of the cities and the growth of the number of homeless and also of its occupations. The urban occupations today represent a reply of these devoid populations that from an involvement with parties or Not Governmental Organizations, and social movements leave for the class action known by the occupation of abandoning public or private buildings. These occupations, even so initially if assume as pressure instrument or of visibility for attainment of housings, for the delay in obtaining the attention of the public agencies and a solution for the problem, becomes definitive or is drawn out per many years. E this if gives although the deficiencies, of the accumulation or families neither in an adequate, always precarious space nor in sanitary installations, that the necessary privacy does not allow. The study it consisted of an empirical research, through the participant comment and open and half-open interviews, and counted on the audiovisual register of two occupations, one in the downtown of João Pessoa City (old building of the INSS, in the Ponto dos Cem Réis) and other (Community of the Cajueiro), next to the Beach "Praia do Jacaré", in the city of Cabedelo.The choice of the Visual Anthropology as research instrument is on to a concern in better translating other ways of life, therefore the accomplishment of the video in allows them to know with more precision the reality where the citizens of the research live. We also use as methodological resource in the research the deepened interview, in intention to better understand the description of the way of life of the studied families and the movements of fight for the housing, particularly the MDM - Movement of Right for the Housing, and the MNLM- Nacional Movement of Fight for the Housing

Retratos da dignidade: negros do riacho: identidade educação fotografia (2005-2007)

Portraits de la Dignité: Noirs du Riacho (2005-2006) analyse le Projet Dignité, comme un produit publicitaire du gouverne du Rio Grande do Norte, à travers de trois voie: l éducation; l identité; la propagande publicitaire. Notre regard a été dirigé vers les images écrites, parlés et photografiées pour meilleur comprendre comme la communauté des Noirs du Riacho, a été incorporer a polítique d égalité de races proposé par les gouvernes Municipal, de l État, et Fédéral, tout em transformant la communauté en produit publicitaire du gouverne. Entre une partie et l outre on a enregistrés des questions sur l identité, plus particulierment la (des)constrution identitaire tout en s appuyant dans le rôle de la langage publicitaire, que em utilisand les richeses de ses techniques, montre le Riacho et le peuple dans la exposition etno-photogaphique Portraits de la Dignité. Ainsi, c est important comprendre la divulgation du Projet Dignité, appuyer dans la propragande de l image des personnages du Riacho divulguées dans la presse locale. Cette problematique, nos conduit a controverser des questions três anciennes par rapports aux discriminations contre les négres, ainsi comme la façon que le gouvernement en la période analysé, s engage en la problematique des communautés restantes de quilombolas dans l État du Rio Grande do Norte. Au choisir la communauté du Riacho pour développer sa politique d action affirmative l État place le Riacho comme laboratoire sociale , en cette contexte nous cherchons à travers des analyses des documents officiels, thèses, recherches bibliografiques et de champs, bien comme de matériel journalistique et publicitaire, révéler les messages véhiculés dans la presse locale sur des questions proposés par cette étude. Pour développer l étude nous appuyons metodologicament en la recherche qualitative, sans perdre de vue l analyse critique des contenus, vu que les sujets en étude ne doive pas être analyser basé en un unique point de vue. Ainsi, nous pensons ne pas fermer la question, mas ouvrir l outres pour permettre meilleur débattre la liason chaque jour plus fort entre la publicité e l action gouvernamentale, en ce qui est relatif aux usages de l image photografique

Estudo da secagem do feijão verde (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) - análise experimental do processo combinado leito fixo/leito de jorro

Green bean is considered as one of most traditional Brazilian Northeast dishes. Green beans drying preliminary experiments show that combine processes, fixed-bed/spouted bed, resulted in dehydrated beans with uniform humidity and the recovery of the beans properties after their rehydration. From this assays was defined an initial humidity suited for the spouted bed process. A fixed-bed pre-drying process until a level of 40% humidity gave the best results. The spouted bed characteristic hydrodynamic curves were presented for different beans loads, where changes in the respective beans physical properties were evidenced during the fluidynamic assay, due simultaneous drying process. One 22 factorial experimental design was carried out with three repetition in the central point, considering as entry variables: drying air velocity and temperature. The response variables were the beans brakeage, water fraction evaporated during 20 and 50 minutes of drying and the humidity ratio. They are presented still the modeling of the drying of the green beans in fine layer in the drier of tray and the modeling of the shrinking of the beans of the drying processes fixed-bed and spouted bed

Estudo da reidratação do feijão verde (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) desidratado por micro-ondas com e sem pré-tratamento osmótico

The green bean has organoleptic and nutritional characteristics that make it an important food source in tropical regions such as the Northeast of Brazil. It is a cheap source of protein and important for nutrition of rural population contributing significantly in subsistence farming of the families from Brazil s northeast. It is consumed in entire region and together with the dry meat and other products composes the menu of typical restaurants, being characterized as an important product for economy of Northeast. The green bean is consumed freshly harvested and has short cycle, being characterized as a very perishable food, which hampers your market. The drying method is an alternative to increase the lifetime and provide a reduction volume of this product making easier your transportation and storage. However is necessary to search ways of drying which keep the product quality not only from the nutritional standpoint but also organoleptic. Some characteristics may change with the drying process such as the coloring, the rehydration capacity and the grains cooking time. The decrease of drying time or of exposure of the grains to high temperature minimizes the effects related with the product quality loss. Among the techniques used to reduce the drying time and improve some characteristics of the product, stands out the osmotic dehydration, widely used in combined processes such as the pretreatment in drying food. Currently the use of the microwaves has been considered an alternative for drying food. The microwave energy generates heat inside of materials processed and the heating is practically instantaneous, resulting in shorter processing times and product quality higher to that obtained by conventional methods. Considering the importance of the green beans for the Northeast region, the wastefulness of production due to seasonality of the crop and your high perishability, the proposal of this thesis is the study of drying grain by microwaves with and without osmotic pretreatment, focusing on the search of conditions of processes which favor the rehydration of the product preserving your organoleptic characteristics. Based on the analysis of the results of osmotic dehydration and dielectric properties was defined the operating condition to be used in pretreatment of the green bean, with osmotic concentration in saline solution containing 12,5% of sodium chloride, at 40°C for 20 minutes. The drying of green bean by microwave was performed with and without osmotic pretreatment on the optimized condition. The osmotic predehydration favored the additional drying, reducing the process time. The rehydration of dehydrated green bean with and without osmotic pretreatment was accomplished in different temperature conditions and immersion time according to a factorial design 22, with 3 repetitions at the central point. According to results the better condition was obtained with the osmotically pretreated bean and rehydrated at a temperature of 60°C for 90 minutes. Sensory analysis was performed comparing the sample of the green bean in natura and rehydrated in optimized conditions, with and without osmotic pretreatment. All samples showed a good acceptance rate regarding the analyzed attributes (appearance, texture, color, odor and taste), with all values above 70%. Is possible conclude that the drying of green bean by microwave with osmotic pretreatment is feasible both in respect to technical aspects and rehydration rates and sensory quality of the product

Potencialidade à degradação na microbacia Riacho Passagem/RN

A degradação dos recursos naturais é talvez o principal problema da região do semiárido brasileiro, e essa degradação é principalmente resultante das perdas de solo, decorrente do processo erosivo. Na busca de melhor conhecer esta problemática vem sendo empregado o processo de modelagem ambiental, cujo objetivo é identificar e propor soluções para a degradação dos solos. Nesse sentido, o trabalho aplica o modelo da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos ao longo da década de 1950, agregado as ferramentas de geoprocessamento, informações de sensoriamento remoto e Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs). A área de estudo é a Microbacia Riacho Passagem localizada na região oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a microbacia tem uma área de 221,7Km² e esta inserida no semiárido, região Nordeste do Brasil. A metodologia utilizada consiste: em agrupar as variáveis da EUPS no ambiente SIG utilizando imagens de satélite, levantamentos bibliográficos e trabalhos de campo. Para determinação das extensões das vertentes foi empregado o Modelo RAMPA, e para adequar a EUPS as condições da área de estudo, foram realizados ajuste através de modelos estatísticos, aperfeiçoando o trabalho e os resultados gerados pelo modelo. Ao fim do processo foi desenvolvida uma pseudo linguagem no aplicativo Linguagem Espacial para Geoprocessamento Algébrico (LEGAL) disponível no software SPRING versão 5.1.2 servindo de suporte para o processamento das informações contidas no banco de dados, base da EUPS. Os resultados demonstram que inicialmente é necessário delimitar com precisão o período seco e chuvoso, informação fundamental para a EUPS, uma vez que o trabalho busca identificar a perda de solo por erosão hídrica. O modelo RAMPA apresentou-se satisfatório e com elevado potencial de aplicação na determinação dos comprimentos de vertentes utilizando imagens de radar. Quanto ao comportamento das extensões de vertentes, na microbacia, o mesmo apresentou uma pequena variação na porção leste, maiores vertentes, área próxima a desembocadura. Após a aplicação do modelo o valor máximo de perda de solo foi 88 ton/ha.ano com núcleos localizados no NEOSSOLOS LITÓLICOS e o mínimo 0,01 ton/ha.ano localizado no domínio dos LATOSSOLOS e NEOSSOLOS FLÚVICOS. A erosão provoca diminuição do perfil de solo, principalmente nos NEOSSOLOS LITÓLICOS, resultando em alteração no balanço hídrico e conseqüentemente aumento da temperatura do solo, podendo desencadear a desertificação. Os resultados e a metodologia do presente trabalho poderão ser aplicados na busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, na região do semiárido brasileiro, auxiliando na compreensão do binômio uso do solo e capacidade de suporte do meio natural.

Análise da toxicidade no açude Riacho da Cachoeira, Lajes Pintadas (RN): um desafio interdisciplinar

Contamination by complex mixtures of various origins has been explored and studied for decades. Radon is a naturally occurring environmental contaminant that causes carcinogenic effects. These emissions can cause mutations in the lung tissue, which can initiate a carcinogenic process. Thus the dam Creek Falls, located in the municipality of Lajes Pintadas, was chosen for the development of this study, since cancer rates in the region reach 9% of the population annually, with this, the main objective of this study was evaluate the mutagenicity and toxicity of Riacho da Cachoeira damunder the influence of radon. The methodology ecotoxicological tests were performed with Ceriodaphinia dubia, as well as tests with Tradescantia pallida genotoxicologicos and Oreochromis niloticus. To understand how the population of Pintadas Slabs realizes the environment, we performed a study of environmental perception. The test results indicated that the reservoir water is toxic to test organimos exposed, found heavy metals, chloride, total and fecal coliforms as well as radon levels above the maximum allowed under Brazilian law. These results can be justified because it is so complex samples composed of different compounds that interact only with each other or causing synergistic effects. It was concluded that the dam Creek Waterfall, is contaminated with radon, as well as heavy metals, coliforms and chloride, causing toxic effects to the natural community. Thus, further studies should be performed with the human population of the region, to verify that the high rates of cancer in the population of the municipality may be linked to the presence of natural radiation. Thus, it is expected that the competent bodies that administer the municipality of Lajes Pintadas take reasonable steps to minimize risks and ensure the health of the community that still makes use of the weir

Dinâmica da paisagem na Microbacia do Riacho Cajazeiras no semiárido potiguar

The semi-arid Northeast region are coming through changes since its formation causing changes in the landscape and increased degradation. The economic dynamics which was established at the Potiguar semiarid had for a long time settled in livestock, subsistence agriculture and cotton, however, these economies decline from the year 1970. Thus, the Potiguar spaces are undergoing by a process of space reordering marked by the growth of agricultural activities and the process of urbanization. In the Potiguar western region these changes weaken significantly transform the landscape. In these areas, the process of urbanization and agricultural activities have caused changes in the hinterland landscape changing the natural dynamics of the caatinga biome that has been subject to negative interference with the indiscriminate removal of vegetation. In this case, the specific study area of the watershed of Cajazeiras Creek located in the cities of Pau dos Ferros, Água Nova, Encanto and Rafael Fernandes, changes in the landscape has led to degradation and environmental fragility. From this perspective, the research objective is to assess the dynamics of the landscape of the watershed of Cajazeiras Creek, semiarid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, identifying the degrading factors, the most degraded areas and/or susceptible to degradation and environmental fragility. The research investigated the phenomena of light geosystems theory that emphasizes the integration of elements in shaping the landscape. During this reporting period, it was carried out exploratory and bibliographical research, and geoprocessing techniques to assess the social and environmental conditions of the researched area and its environmental fragility. To do so, first, it was made an multitemporal analisis on the basis of the years 1984, 1996 and 2009 demonstrating that the dynamics of use and land cover in the watershed of Cajazeiras Creek showed a significant change in the landscape, especially in the caatinga vegetation. This has been recovering in various areas of the watershed, especially in its upper course in the mountains of Bom Sera, in Encanto city. The analysis showed the need to develop policies and programs for the maintenance, restoration and preservation of the caatinga vegetation of the river network and of water bodies. In addition, it was identified the most degraded areas of the watershed, environmental fragility and potential emerging that take into account the landscape components such as climate, topography, geology, pedology, geomorphology and the use and occupation of the soil in an integrated manner. The results show that the landscape of the watershed has medium and high environmental fragility throughout its area, especially on the banks of the river network provided by the use and occupation of the soil in an inadequate way with the environmental conditions of the watershed

Consórcio de cártamo e feijão caupi: alternativa para a produção de biodiesel na agricultura familiar

The new development strategies should operate mainly in the areas of energy efficiency and sustainable agriculture. Thus, the substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel, is increasingly on the agenda. The cultivation of oilseed plants for biodiesel production must take place in integrated systems that enable best environmental benefits and are more economically significant. The objectives of this study were to assess the morphological, anatomic, and physiological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L., promising oilseed for biodiesel production) grown in monoculture and intercropping with cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.); and identify socioeconomic family farmers and verify their acceptance about safflower as an energy crop. The methodology used for the analysis of safflower growth in monoculture and intercropped with beans, were morphoanatomical and histochemical analyzes, made with samples of plants grown in the field in two cropping systems throughout the range of the life cycle of these plants. There were no changes in growth and anatomy of plants, even in the consortium, which is satisfactory to indicate the intercropping system for those crops and can be a good alternative for the family farmer, who may have safflower as a source of income without giving up planting their livelihood. To check the acceptance of safflower by farmers, interviews were made to family farmers by Canudos agrovila in Ceará-Mirim/RN. It was noticed that many of them accept the introduction of safflower as oil crop, although unaware of the species, and that, being more resistant to drought, safflower help in the stability of families who depend on the weather conditions for success their current crops. In general, it is concluded that safflower has features that allows it to be grown in consortium for biodiesel production combined with the production of food, such as cowpea, and can be used enabling better development for family farmers.

Determinação da composição química de quatro variedades de feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivadas em solo potiguar

The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a major food crops in northeastern Brazil. In Rio Grande do Norte, the cowpea, vigna beans or cowpea, as it is known, has great socioeconomic importance as a source of nutrients in food, with great emphasis among agricultural products. To improve productivity and resistance to pests, two cultivars were developed exclusively by EMPARN (Agricultural Research Corporation of Rio Grande do Norte), for breeding. The samples were provided by EMPARN, two improved (Potiguar and Laugh year) and two landraces (Rib of beef and Canapu). The seeds were ground and made into flour samples and the determination of moisture and ash by graviméticos methods, lipids by Soxhlet extraction, fibers with determiner fiber, carbohydrates by difference and minerals by ICP-OES were performed except the match analyzed by UVvis. The results showed a high fiber content (55.55% and 55.32% and 50.04% improved samples and 50.32% creole samples) and protein (25.52% and 25.27% improved and 27 samples, 23% and 24.99% creole samples). Comparing the results of the mineral content, the improved cultivars stood out in relation to Ca, Co, P, Mg, Mo and Na. Creole cultivars showed better results for Cu, Cr (low), Fe, Mn, Ni, K and Zn. The results will be important in future nutritional research and to build a table of Brazilian chemical composition of foods.

Variação temporal da Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em um riacho intermitente do semiárido brasileiro

In Brazilian semiarid region, the majority of water bodies are temporary and the biodiversity in these ecosystems is poorly known. The goal of this study was to describe the temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in an intermittent stream in the Brazilian semiarid region. From March to July of 2009, surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates and water physiochemical parameters were done in a first order stream located at Piranhas-Açu River basin. 25 macroinvertebrates families were found, 21 belonging to Insecta class. The chironomids were the most abundant group during all study period and were represented by 19 genus. The largest densities and taxonomic richness were seen in the drying phase of the stream while the smallest values were found in the period with the heaviest rainfalls ( wet phase ). Only the families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae were found during all study period, suggesting that these groups have better adaptations to support floods and droughts. Furthermore, these two groups seemed to be pioneering in this stream. Among the chironomids, Paratendipes dominated the period of floods while Tanytarsus were more abundant in the drying phase . This study showed that hydrological fluctuation is the main force influencing the macroinvertebrate community in this stream, therefore, efforts seeking the conservation and management of Brazilian semiarid water bodies should consider this high natural variability in flow regime

Coordenação entre as respostas da catalase e da ascorbato peroxidade em folhas de feijão caupi submetidas a diferentes fontes de peróxido de hidrogênio

The plants are often exposed to variations in environmental conditions that may trigger metabolic disturbances leading to a consequent loss in productivity of crops. These stressful conditions usually induce an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, a condition known how oxidative stress. Among these species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule involved in numerous signaling mechanisms. The present study aimed to understand the relationship between the different enzymatic mechanisms of elimination of H2O2 by catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in leaf tissues of seedlings of the species Vigna unguiculata L. Walp, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by application of CAT inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT), and H2O2 itself on the roots. Three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was performed applying the compound 3-AT (5 mM) during the time (hours). In the second experiment, seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 mM) for 48 h. The third strategy included the pre-treatment with H2O2 (2.5 mM) for 24 h, followed by subsequent treatment with the inhibitor 3-AT and recovery control condition. Treatment with 3-AT causes a strong inhibition of CAT activity in leaf tissues accompanied by an increase of activity of APX. However a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids is not observed as indicated by TBARS. It was observed that activity of APX is directly linked to the content of peroxide. Inductions in the activities of CAT and APX were observed mainly in the seedlings treated with 2.5 mM H2O2. This can be associated with a decrease in oxidative damage to lipids. In contrast, one same tendency was not observed in treatments with higher concentrations of this ROS. These results suggest that the concentration of 2.5 mM H2O2 can induce responses antioxidants later in seedling cowpea. This concentration when applied as pre-treatment for 24 h promoted an induction systems removers CAT and APX, both in activity and in terms of gene expression. However this increment was not observed in the recovered plants and the plants subsequently subjected to 3-AT. Additionally, the pretreatment was not sufficient to attenuate the inhibition of CAT activity and oxidative damage to lipids caused by the subsequent application of this inhibitor. The results showed that the application of 3-AT and H2O2 in the root systems of seedlings of cowpea promote changes in the parameters analyzed in leaf tissues that indicate a direct response to the presence of these factors or systemic signaling mecanisms. H2O2 appears to activate the responses of two antioxidant systems in this study thar does not promote greater protection in case of additional treatment with 3-AT. This demonstrates the importance of the CAT system. In this work, complete results indicate that there is a difference between the signaling and the effects caused by exposure to H2O2 and by treatment with 3-AT

Aspectos sociais e de saúde de portadores da coinfecção hiv/tuberculose

Objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos sociais e de saúde e a percepção diante do diagnóstico de indivíduos com a coinfecção HIV/tuberculose. Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, realizado em hospital de referência em Fortaleza, Ceará, de janeiro a abril de 2009, utilizando-se entrevista semiestruturada em ambiente privativo. Os dados foram analisados de modo descritivo e por análise de conteúdo. Participaram 16 pacientes com coinfecção HIV/tuberculose, 56,25% do sexo masculino, com faixa etária predominante entre 31 a 39 anos (43,75%), com pouca escolaridade e renda familiar mensal de aproximadamente um salário mínimo. A forma predominante da apresentação da tuberculose foi a pulmonar (62,50%). A percepção sobre a descoberta da coinfecção foi demonstrada por duas categorias: Medo e angústia face ao diagnóstico e Mudanças nos hábitos de saúde e no estilo de vida. Urge, diante dos achados, a promoção do bem-estar psicológico e físico desses pacientes, por meio de ações políticas e de saúde