As razões da esquerda radical PCB, PSTU e PSOL: estrutura organizativa e objetivos políticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Determinantes locais da decomposição foliar e de raízes finais em um ecossistema semiárido do nordeste brasileiro

The decomposition process exercises an extensive control over the carbon cycle, affecting its availability and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The understanding of leaf decomposition patterns above the soil and fine roots decomposition below the soil is necessary and essential to identify and quantify more accurately the flow of energy and matter in forest systems. There is still a lack of studies and a large gap in the knowledge about what environmental variables act as local determinants over decomposition drivers. The knowledge about the decomposition process is still immature for Brazilian semiarid region. The aim of this study was to analyze the decomposition process (on leaves and fine roots) of a mixture of three native species for 12 months in a semiarid ecosystem in Northeast Brazil. We also examined whether the rate of decomposition can be explained by local environmental factors, specifically plant species richness, plant density and biomass, soil macro-arthropods species richness and abundance, amount of litterfall and fine root stock. Thirty sampling points were randomly distributed within an area of 2000 m x 500 m. To determine the decomposition rate, the litterbag technique was used and the data analysis were made with multiple regressions. There was a high degradation of dead organic matter along the experiment. Above ground plant biomass was the only environmental local factor significantly related to leaf decomposition. The density of vegetation and litter production were positively and negatively related to decay rates of fine roots, respectively. The results suggest that Caatinga spatial heterogeneity may exert strong influences over the decomposition process, taking into account the action of environmental factors related to organic matter exposure of and the consequent action of solar radiation as the decomposition process main controller in this region

O menino é o pai do homem: raízes crianceiras do conhecimento

This dissertation is a work on playing and its relation with the knowledge production process. It is the result of a set of personal experiences with the cultural universe of children which have instigated a look into the way they explore the world and questions about the very nature of the games they play. Could we consider those games hide, or rather reveal important strategies used in the knowledge production process and in making science. In light of several studies concerning the complexity of science, this questioning has also led to the development of a toy (a box), which consists of a range of pieces (photos, video, audio, stones, seeds, rags, envelopes, etc.). My intention is to show in a practical manner a strategy of thinking similar to the sensitive logic bricolage present in the playing, in order to instigate the reflection on the possibility of its inclusion in the production of the knowledge and science making processes

Identificação de modelos polinomiais narx utilizando algoritmos combinados de detecção de estrutura e estimação de parâmetros com aplicações práticas

A modelagem de processos industriais tem auxiliado na produção e minimização de custos, permitindo a previsão dos comportamentos futuros do sistema, supervisão de processos e projeto de controladores. Ao observar os benefícios proporcionados pela modelagem, objetiva-se primeiramente, nesta dissertação, apresentar uma metodologia de identificação de modelos não-lineares com estrutura NARX, a partir da implementação de algoritmos combinados de detecção de estrutura e estimação de parâmetros. Inicialmente, será ressaltada a importância da identificação de sistemas na otimização de processos industriais, especificamente a escolha do modelo para representar adequadamente as dinâmicas do sistema. Em seguida, será apresentada uma breve revisão das etapas que compõem a identificação de sistemas. Na sequência, serão apresentados os métodos fundamentais para detecção de estrutura (Modificado Gram- Schmidt) e estimação de parâmetros (Método dos Mínimos Quadrados e Método dos Mínimos Quadrados Estendido) de modelos. No trabalho será também realizada, através dos algoritmos implementados, a identificação de dois processos industriais distintos representados por uma planta de nível didática, que possibilita o controle de nível e vazão, e uma planta de processamento primário de petróleo simulada, que tem como objetivo representar um tratamento primário do petróleo que ocorre em plataformas petrolíferas. A dissertação é finalizada com uma avaliação dos desempenhos dos modelos obtidos, quando comparados com o sistema. A partir desta avaliação, será possível observar se os modelos identificados são capazes de representar as características estáticas e dinâmicas dos sistemas apresentados nesta dissertação

Atividades estruturais de equações polinomiais numa abordagem histórica por meio de e-book

The present study investigates how the inter-relationship of the content of polynomial equations works with structured activities and with the history of mathematics through a sequence of activities presented in an e-book, so that the result of this research will proceed will result in a didactic and pedagogic proposal for the teaching of polynomial equations in a historical approach via the reported e-book. Therefore, we have considered in theoretical and methodological assumptions of the History of Mathematics, in structured activities and new technologies with an emphasis on e-book tool. We used as a methodological approach the qualitative research, as our research object adjusts to the objectives of this research mode. As methodological instruments, we used the e-book as a synthesis tool of the sequence of activities to be evaluated, while the questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were designed to register and analyze the evaluation made by the research, participants in the structured activities. The processing and analysis of data collected though the questionnaires were organized, classified and quantified in summary tables to facilitate visualization, interpretation, understanding, and analysis of these data. As for participant observation was used to contribute to the qualitative analysis of the quantified data. The interviews were synthetically transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. The analysis ratified our research objectives and contributed to improve, approve and indicate the use of e-book for the teaching of polynomial equations. Thus, we consider that this educational product will bring significant contributions to the teaching of mathematical content, in Basic Education

As raízes históricas da política criminal na legislação e nas práticas de atendimento ao adolescente em conflito com a lei

This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.

As raízes históricas da política criminal na legislação e nas práticas de atendimento ao adolescente em conflito com a lei

This thesis investigates the historical influence of the criminal policy in the context that shapes the first specific law for children and adolescents in Brazil, the 1927 Children's Code, a standard that inaugurates the conceptual scission between children and "minor" and their different treatment by the State. The study addresses the demand for order in the context of changes in the working world in the transition from the slave system to the capitalist mode of production, and the corresponding disciplinary and punitive control mechanisms directed to the segment of childhood and adolescence. The theoretical route proposes a questioning of the political construction of law and justice, as well as the conformation of the punitive techniques, and the construction of the stereotype of the "delinquent", prime target of the criminal policy, focusing on the process of criminalization of the segment in question through the confrontation of the Critical perspective with the approaches of Classical and Positive schools. This research shows the imposition of a bourgeois morality that obscures the social conflict attributing it to people isolated by the criminalization of their conduct; and points out that the historical forms of selective social control were greatly influenced by psychiatry and psychology, either by the elaboration of the image of the "delinquent" or by the expected performance of custodial institutions. Finally, the developments and the permanence of the historical roots of the criminal policy are problematized, relating them to the difficulties currently encountered in the consolidation of the legal garantism paradigm proposed by the Children and Adolescent Statute.