A relação de Euler para poliedros

In this paper we analyze the Euler Relation generally using as a means to visualize the fundamental idea presented manipulation of concrete materials, so that there is greater ease of understanding of the content, expanding learning for secondary students and even fundamental. The study is an introduction to the topic and leads the reader to understand that the notorious Euler Relation if inadequately presented, is not sufficient to establish the existence of a polyhedron. For analyzing some examples, the text inserts the idea of doubt, showing cases where it is not fit enough numbers to validate the Euler Relation. The research also highlights a theorem certainly unfamiliar to many students and teachers to research the polyhedra, presenting some very simple inequalities relating the amounts of edges, vertices and faces of any convex polyhedron, which clearly specifies the conditions and sufficient necessary for us to see, without the need of viewing the existence of the solid screen. And so we can see various polyhedra and facilitate understanding of what we are exposed, we will use Geogebra, dynamic application that combines mathematical concepts of algebra and geometry and can be found through the link http://www.geogebra.org

Avaliação preliminar da viabilidade de produção in vitro de um isolado brasileiro de baculovírus Spodoptera frugiperda MNPV

In vivo production of viral biopesticides is the major source of viral insecticides currently in the marketplace. However, this system presents limitations during production scale-up. For the Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), the insect used for replication has cannibalistic characteristics, thus production is even more difficult. Insect cells are commonly used for in vitro baculovirus production. Most of these cell lines are derived from Lepidoptera species. The Sf21 cell line is derived from Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar ovarian tissue, and its clonal isolate Sf9 has been used for biopesticide production due to its ease of growth in suspension cultures. In this work, the in vitro production capabilities of a Brazilian SfMNPV isolate obtained from cornfields was evaluated. Comparison of polyhedra production was carried out using both Sf21 and Sf9 cells, based on volumetric and specific yields. Both cell lines were cultivated in Hyclone medium supplemented with different fetal bovine serum concentrations (2,5 and 5%). The best results were obtained using Sf9 cells supplemented with 5% serum. These results were further confirmed quantitively through kinetic parameter estimation for both cells lines and different serum concentrations. After seven successive passages, this system still presented high specific polyhedra production

Otimização dos parâmetros de um modelo de bomba em sistemas de bombeio centrífugo submerso

One of several techniques applied to production processes oil is the artificial lift, using equipment in order to reduce the bottom hole pressure, providing a pressure differential, resulting in a flow increase. The choice of the artificial lift method depends on a detailed analysis of the some factors, such as initial costs of installation, maintenance, and the existing conditions in the producing field. The Electrical Submersible Pumping method (ESP) appears to be quite efficient when the objective is to produce high liquid flow rates in both onshore and offshore environments, in adverse conditions of temperature and in the presence of viscous fluids. By definition, ESP is a method of artificial lift in which a subsurface electric motor transforms electrical into mechanical energy to trigger a centrifugal pump of multiple stages, composed of a rotating impeller (rotor) and a stationary diffuser (stator). The pump converts the mechanical energy of the engine into kinetic energy in the form of velocity, which pushes the fluid to the surface. The objective of this work is to implement the optimization method of the flexible polyhedron, known as Modified Simplex Method (MSM) applied to the study of the influence of the modification of the input and output parameters of the centrifugal pump impeller in the channel of a system ESP. In the use of the optimization method by changing the angular parameters of the pump, the resultant data applied to the simulations allowed to obtain optimized values of the Head (lift height), lossless efficiency and the power with differentiated results.