Anagramas do corpo, processos de repetição e representação da condição humana: um diálogo entre Hans Bellmer e Pina Bausch

La relation entre l`ignorance, l`apprentissage et de la création composent un décor provocant pour nous faire réfléchir sur l`éducation et la science. Pour éclaircir cette réflexion, nous démarrons sur les propositions de Ilya Prigogine (1986), pour qui l`art est une métaphore qui représente la science au XXe siècle, les idées d`Edgar Morin (2004), en soulignant la contribution fondamentale de l`art à l`état humain, et Maurice Merleau- Ponty (1980), qui crédite à l`art la possibilité d`un nouveau regard sur le monde, un regard sensible, esthétique. Ayant par référence la présence de ces arguments, nous réaffirmons la thèse de que l`art peut présenter des métaphores pour considérer la science, l`éducation et la condition humaine sur des bases complexes et transdisciplinaires. Nous nous concentrons sur des catégories particulières de la déformation et de la répétition. La première est considérée comme un désordre nécessaire au corps, à la science et à l`éducation, des lieux de métamorphose constante, d`après les principes de la complexité. La seconde est appréciée comme un opérateur sans lequel la variation, l`écart, le nouveau et l`invention ne peuvent pas émerger. Nos métaphores ressortent des travaux esthétiques de deux artistes de renom: Pina Bausch et Hans Bellmer, les délinquants qui certainement se rebellent contre la trivialité dans l`art et la vie. Ils exploitent des rêves, des démonstrations affectueuses impertinentes, esthétiques inaugurales, antiparadigmatiques et audacieuses. En un mot, ils incarnent ce qu`on appelle une pensée complexe. Nous comprenons que les deux artistes déclenchent des dispositifs qui dialoguent avec le manifeste de Merleau-Ponty lorsque l`on cherche dans l "aisthesis" la possibilité d`une production naturelle qui est en elle-même, créative. Ayant comme horizon cette puissance créatrice nous concentrons notre regard sur les anagrammes du corps proposés par Bellmer et sur la répétition exprimée par Pina Bausch. La déformation et la répétition sont des étapes embryonnaires de la création

Translocação bacteriana para o pulmão na icterícia obstrutiva experimental em ratos

RESUMO: Objetivo: Tem sido demonstrado que a icterícia obstrutiva provoca depressão do sistema imunológico, mudança no padrão de colonização bacteriana dos intestinos e passagem de bactérias da luz intestinal para a circulação porta e sistêmica. Estudo experimental em ratos procurou observar a possibilidade de translocação bacteriana para os pulmões após a ligadura do colédoco. Método: Foram utilizados 20 ratos Wistar pesando de 178 a 215g, separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos iguais. Nos ratos do grupo I foi feita a ligadura do colédoco e nos do grupo II apenas a manipulação do colédoco com pinça atraumática (sham operation). No sétimo dia de observação os animais foram mortos com superdose de anestésico, sangue foi colhido para dosagem de bilirrubinas e os pulmões ressecados sob condições assépticas. Metade de cada pulmão foi homogeneizada e semeada em meios de cultura ágar McConkey e ágar sangue. A outra metade serviu para exame histopatológico –coloração hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t, com significância 0,05. Resultados: revelaram bilirrubina total em média 18,7±3,6 no grupo I e 0,7±0,2 no grupo II. No grupo I foram isoladas colônias de Klebsiela sp nos pulmões de 30% dos animais e E. coli em 20%, e os escores histopatológicos atingiram a média 6,2±2,08. No grupo II não foram detectadas bactérias nos pulmões e os escores do exame histopatológico atingiram 1,8±1,16. A diferença dos dados analisados mostrou-se significativa (p<0,05). Conclusões: Concluiu-se que a icterícia obstrutiva por ligadura do colédoco em ratos provocou translocação de germes Gram-negativos para os pulmões e resultou em alterações histopatológicas significativas.

Efetividade do flúor e da escovação e eficácia dos materiais de colagem ionômero de vidro e resina composta na reversão das microporosidades criadas pelo condicionamento ácido no esmalte dentário

The objectives of this clinical study was to evaluate the use of the toothpaste with fluoride and without fluoride and the daily tooth brushing are effective in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid. Another objective of this clinical study was to evaluate if the positioning of orthodontic accessories with glass ionomer cement helps in the reversion of the dental enamel conditioned by acid, when compared to composed resin. One hundred and twenty teeth were selected with indication of extraction by orthodontic reasons. The 30 volunteers were divided, randomly, in two groups. A group used toothpaste without fluoride and the other with it. The teeth of the sample were shuffled, in each volunteer. The teeth were conditioned by the 37% orthophosphoric acid. One of the conditioned teeth stayed in the mouth and suffered action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing, in another teeth a stainless steel mesh protection was positioned with glass ionomer cement, in another tooth the screen was glued with composed resin, in a fourth tooth (the control) was only conditioned after the extractions, 60 days later. All the teeth were appraised through DIAGNOdent, MEVA and EDS. In the obtained data it was possible to observe that there were not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that did not have access to the fluoride in the toothpaste as in the other that had. According with the used methodology, it was possible to observe too that there was not statistic significant differences in any comparison, even in the group that had the stainless steel mesh positioned with glass ionomer cement as in the group that the stainless steel mesh was positioned with composed resin. However, it was observed that there was an improvement in the topography of the enamel in all the teeth. The accomplishment of this study was facilitated due to the participation of the researchers' of the health area (dentistry), materials engineer, physics and chemistry. The researchers were originating from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and of the University of Queensland, in Australia. This interdisciplinary group was decisive in the accomplishment of the study. It can be concluded that the enamel tends to return to its initial aspect, even if the patient does not have access to fluoride. That is probably due the action of the abrasion for the tooth brushing and mastication. In spite of it not being significant, it is suggested that the conditioned enamel was more resistant to the abrasion in the group that had access to fluoride. It was also possible to conclude that the fluoride liberated by the glass ionomer was not enough to provide a significant difference in the enamel conditioned by the acid, when compared with the composed resin, even in the group that did not use fluoride in the toothpaste as in the group that used

Avaliação microscópica dos fragmentos ósseos obtidos por diferentes métodos de osteotomia e de irrigação em aloenxertos irradiados e congelados de coelho

Oral and facial bone defects can undertake appearance, psychosocial well-being and stomathognatic function of its patients. Over the yerars several strategies for bone defect regeneration have arised to treat these pathologies, among them the use of frozen and irradiated bone allograft. Manipulation of bone grafts it s not determined yet, and several osteotomy alternatives can be observed. The present work evaluated with a microscope the bone fragments obtained from different osteotomy methods and irrigation on rings and blocks allografts irradiated and frozen at 80° negative in a rabbit model. The study is experimental in vitro and it sample was an adult male New Zealand rabbit. The animal was sacrificed to obtain long bones, that were submitted to freezing at 80º negative and irradiated with Cobalt- 60. Then the long bones were sectioned into 24 bone pieces, divided into 4 groups: G1 (n=06) osteotomy was performed with bur No. 6 forming rings with 5 mm thickness with high-speed handpiece with manual irrigation; G2 (n=06) osteotomy was performed with bur No. 6 forming rings with 5 mm thick with surgical motor with a manual irrigation rotation 1500 rpm; GA (n=06), osteotomy with trephine using manual irrigation with saline; and GB (n=06), osteotomy with trephine using saline from peristaltic pumps of surgical motor. Five bone pieces of each group were prepared for analysis on light microscopy (LM) and one on electronic scan electronic microscopy (SEM). On the SEM analysis edges surface, presence of microcracks and Smear Layer were evaluated. Analyzing osteotomy technics on SEM was observed: increased presence of microcracks cutting with high speed; increased presence of areas covered by Smear Layer when cutting with motor implant. The irrigation analysis with SEM was observed: that the presence of microcracks does not depend on the type of irrigation; on manual irrigation, there was greater discrepancy between the cutting lines. The descriptive analysis of the osteotomy and irrigation process on LM showed: histological analysis showing the bony margins with clear tissue changed layer, composed of blackened tissue of charred appearance near to the cortical bone; on the edges of the bony part, bone fragments that were displaced during the bone cut and bone irregularities were observed. After analysis of results we can conclude: that there was greater regularity of the bone cut using high-speed handpiece than using motor implant; the cut with trephine using saline irrigated from peristaltic pumps of surgical motor showed greater homogeneity when compared with manual irrigation; charred tissue was found in all obtained bone samples, whit no significant statistically difference on the proportion of carbonization of the two analysed technics

Avaliação in vitro da adesão e proliferação de células mesenquimais do ligamento periodontal humano em diferentes superfícies de titânio

In the last years, many scientific researches in implantology have been focused on alternatives that would provide higher speed and quality in the process of osseointegration. Different treatment methods can be used to modify the topographic and chemical properties of titanium surface in order to optimize the tissue-implant reactions by a positive tissue response. This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal cells from human periodontal ligament on two different titanium surfaces, using cell culture techniques. Grade II titanium discs received different surface treatments, forming two distinct groups: polished and cathodic cage plasma nitriding. Human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells were cultured on titanium discs in 24-well cell culture plates, at a density of 2 x 104 cells per well, including wells with no discs as positive control. Data obtained by counting the cells that adhered to the titanium surfaces (polished group and cathodic cage group) and to the plastic surface (control group), in the 24, 48 and 72-hour periods after plating, were used to analyze cell adhesion and proliferation and to obtain the cell growing curve in the different groups. The data were submitted to nonparametric analysis and the differences between groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman statistical tests. No statistically significant differences were found in the cells counts between the groups (p>0.05). It was concluded that both treatments produced surfaces compatible with the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells

Prevalência e fatores associados a lesões labiais e periorais decorrentes da exposição solar em trabalhadores de praia

This study aimed to verify the prevalence of lip and perioral lesions in worker who were under sunshine on the beaches of Natal/RN and to investigate possible associations of these with sociodemographic, occupational and general health variables. For this, 362 individuals who had one of the urban beaches (Ponta Negra / Environment / Redinha) in the city of Natal/RN as a working environment in the study. We excluded people under 18 years old. Data collection was done through epidemiological analysis and extra-oral validated questionnaire with questions that characterize socioeconomic and demographic factors, occupational exposure and general health. The male subjects (72.6%) were the majority in the sample. The people who worked directly exposed to high peaks of ultraviolet radiation, as well as informal workers predominated. Considering the total sample of individuals, ephelides in the perioral region (33.7%) and labial region (24.0%), solar lentigo perioral (15.2%) and actinic cheilitis (13.8%) stood out as the most prevalent lesions. Indoor workers and those who had a habit occurrence of injuries by 19% and 21% respectively higher when compared to outdoor workers and people without habits. The variable use of cap / hat was associated with the presence of cold sores (Qui2 = 1,328, p = 0,058). On the threshold of significance, the type of work was also associated with lesions in lip occurrence (p = 0,042). Men showed a lower incidence of perioral lesions when compared to female workers (PR=0,716, p valor = 0,002). The present study showed high prevalence of lip and perioral lesions. The premalignant lesions were the most identified, both as in lip skin. It is important therefore to be encouraged to adopt protective measures against excessive sun exposure, fairly and consistently

Cisto dentígero: estudo epidemiológico, correlação clinicopatológica e caracterização de uma possível variante inflamatória

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of cases diagnosed as dentigerous cyst by the Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentristy at the Federal University of Rio grande do Norte, attempting the possible correlation between histomorphological findings and epidemiological data contained at the files of the patients, in order to define a suggested variation of lesion named inflammatory dentigerous cyst. It was verified that dentigerous cyst are more frequently present in the earfy three decades of life, with the majority of cases occuring in the second decade (40,740/0 ), and also male (57,41%) and white patients (68,52%) were most affected. In relation to anatomic site, the dentigerous cyst was more prevalent at anterior maxila and posterior mandible, showing, usually, a slow growth pattem. The majority of lesions were asymptomatic and the radiographic observed was frequently na unilocular radiolucency. In regard to the histomorphological analysis, it was noticed that the lesions showed commonly a thin epithelium, with a capsule of fibrous connective tissue, richly vascularized and collagenized with an intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Finally, clinicopathological was performed and it was find out that cysts that showed a thick epithelium, with a high degree of vascularization and collagenization, intense inflammatory infiltrate in the cystic capsule, were located in the pre-molares region, in patients under 12 years old and the majority showing painfull sintomatology, properly, compatible with inflammatory dentigerous cyst. The findings of the present study indicate that, probably, there is a variant of the dentigerous cyst, and therefore, we suggest the denomination inflammatory follicular cyst for this entity

Análise de células t regulatórias foxp3+no líquen plano oral

T regulatory cells have the function of controlling immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance. The FoxP3 has been considered the most specific marker for Treg cells. The aiming of this paper was to evaluate the immunoexpression of FoxP3 in the inflammatory infiltrate from oral lichen planus (OLP) and to compare it with the infiltrate in fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH) and then, between reticular and erosive forms of OLP. The samples were composed by 32 cases of OLP (17 reticular and 15 erosive) beyond 10 cases of FIH that were submitted to immunohistochemistry staining for FoxP3. Localization of the staining was classified in underepithelial and intraepithelial and the amount of FoxP3+ cells was evaluated through cells counting in 10 consecutive fields, at 400x power magnification. The values were expressed in mean ± standart deviation, and submitted to statistical tests with 5% of significance level. It was observed a statistical significant difference in the amount of FoxP3+ Treg cells between the two combined forms of OLP (1,6 ± 2,2) and the FIH (0,5 ±0,4) (P<0,05). This maybe could be explained by immunological mechanism of OLP, which involves a permanent antigenic induction likely with consequent perpetuation of lesion, eliciting the proliferation and constant recruitment of Treg cells. Otherwise, FIH presents a different etiopathogenesis, in which there is also generation of a variable inflammatory infiltrate, however qualitatively distinct from that seen in OLP. The erosive form of OLP exhibited a greater number (1,7 ± 2,4) of FoxP3+ Treg cells than reticular form (1,5 ± 2,1). These alterations could have relation with the great disease activity verified in erosive OLP, or also, with abnormalities in the regulatory function of Treg cells that could cause the increase observed. Considering the capacity already well established in the literature, both about Treg cells in modulating immune responses, as in the oral mucosa in showing great potential for regeneration, it is suggested that the possibility of development and implantation of immunotherapeutic strategies that regulate the frequency and function of these cells, may help in future treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as OLP

Estudo comparativo da expressão imuno-histoquímica do ki-67 em carcinoma epidermóide de língua em pacientes jovens e idosos

The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin in oral cavity and present high capacity to invade adjacent structures. Traditionally, SCC has a predominance of 50 years male patients with long-time use of tobacco and alcohol, and the tongue is the most affected anatomic site. At present, there is an increasing incidence of SCC in patients below 40 years of age, who has been exposed or not to risk factors, mainly for tongue lesions. This study aims to analyze cell proliferation index using Ki-67 antigen in SCC of the tongue for two groups of different age range: until 40 years and older than 50 years. The first group was composed by 16 patients and the second one was composed by 20 patients. Clinicopathological features of the cases were also assessed. There was a male predominance in both groups. Tobacco and alcohol habits were common for patients until 40 years (72,2%), as well as for patients older than 50 years (52,9%). The first group had statistical association with the presence of regional metastases (p = 0,036) and with the most advanced stages of the disease (p = 0,012). Considering the histological malignancy grading, there was higher incidence (56,2%) of high malignancy grade tumors in the group of patients until 40 years old, but no statistical difference has found between groups and histologic malignancy grading. Regarding the immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, there was no statistically significant difference between the antibody expression of the groups, as well as between other clinical and histopathological parameters. This study identified no significant difference regarding cell proliferation between the analyzed groups

Análise comparativa da imunoexpressão das proteínas hmlh1 e hmsh2 em carcinomas epidermóides de lábio inferior e queilites actínicas com graus variados de displasia

Lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may develop from a premalignant condition, actinic cheilitis (AC) in 95% of the cases. Both premalignant and neoplastic lip diseases are caused mainly by chronic exposure to the ultraviolet component of solar radiation, especially UVB. This exposure causes disruption of the cell cycle and damage to DNA repair systems, like mismatch repair, altering proteins repair as hMLH1 and hMSH2. This research aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in lower lip SCCs and ACs, providing additional information about carcinogenesis of the lower lip. The sample consisted 40 cases of ACs and 40 cases of lower lip SCCs. Histological sections of 3 μm were submitted to immunoperoxidase method, for immunohistochemical analysis of lesions were counted in 1000 cells (positive and negative), data were evaluated both in absolute numbers and percentage of immunostained cells, the latter by assigning scores. Associations of the variables and comparative analysis of biomarker expression were performed by Fisher s exact and Pearson s chi-square, "t" student, one-way ANOVA, Mann- Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis tests. The level of significance was 5%. It was found that, in lower lip SCC, the mean of the proteins was higher in female patients (hMLH1= 369,80 + 223,98; hMHS2 = 534,80 + 343,62), less than 50 years old (hMLH1 = 285,50 + 190,65; hMHS2 = 540,00 + 274,79) and classified as low-grade malignancy (hMLH1 = 264,59 + 179,21; hMHS2 = 519,32 + 302,58), in these data only to sex, for hMLH1 protein, was statistically significant (p=0.034). Comparing the different lesions, we observed that for both hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein, the average of positive epithelial cells decreased as the lesion was graded at later stages. The ACs classified without dysplasia or mild dysplasia had the highest average of immunostained cells (hMLH1 = 721.23 + 88.116; hMHS2 = 781.50 + 156.93). The ACs classified as moderate or severe dysplasia had intermediate values (hMLH1 = 532,86 + 197,72; hMHS2 = 611,14 + 172,48) and SSCs of the lower lip had the lowest averages (hMLH1 = 255,03 + 199,47; hMHS2 = 518,38 + 265,68). There was a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.001). In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that changes in immunoexpression of these proteins is related to the process of carcinogenesis of the lower lip

Análise da resposta th17 em líquen plano oral

Th17 cells have been strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IL-17 and IL-23 are important cytokines associated with this lineage. The aim of this study was to analyze, through immunohistochemical methods, the immunoexpression of IL-17 and IL-23 in the inflammatory infiltrate of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion compared to that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and between clinical forms reticular and erosive of OLP. The sample included 41 cases of OLP, of which 23 were reticular and 18 erosive and 10 cases of IFH. The results were subjected to nonparametric statistical tests with a 5% significance level. In OLP lesions histomorphological analysis, the most common findings were: hyperparakeratinization, specimens with atrophic epithelium in erosive clinical form (p = 0.011), epithelial projections in most of reticular type of lesions, in addition Civatte bodies were identified in most samples of both clinical forms. For immunohistochemistry analysis, five fields with strong immunoreactivity for IL-17 and IL-23 were photomicrographed at 400x magnification, images were transferred to a computer where with ImageJ software®, lymphocytes that exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining for these cytokines were counted. A mean was established after for each case. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of imunopositive lymphocytes for IL-17 and IL-23 among the group of OLP and IFH group, however a larger amount of lymphocytes imunopositive for IL-17 was found in the LPO group (p = 0.079) and significantly higher amounts of those lymphocytes were found in the erosive OLP when compared to the group of reticular OLP and IFH (p = 0.019). Furthermore, a marker epithelial immunopositivity for IL-17 was observed in OLP group. Although the results of this study do not permit the forceful assertion about the participation of Th17 lineage in OLP lesions, the findings of immunopositive lymphocytes counting for IL-17 and IL-23, which are potent proinflammatory cytokines, together with the the marked epithelial immunopositivity found for IL-17 in this study, suggest a possible role of this lineage in the pathogenesis of this disorder

Estudo da influência de linfócitos tcd-8 e das células nk em casos de carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior sem metástase e com metástase e sua relação com a progressão da lesão

The presence of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a dual role that may contribute both to the progression and for inhibition of tumor growth. Recent studies suggest that the quality, not the quantity, of the inflammatory infiltrate is the most important determinant for prognosis. Therefore, TCD8 cells and natural killer cells are the main effector cells in combating cancer. The aim of this study was to assess, through the immunohistochemical study, the expression of TCD8 lymphocytes and NK cells in epidermoid carcinoma (EC) of the lower lip. The sample consisted of 32 specimens of EC of the lower lip, of which 16 had regional lymph node metastasis, and the 16 remaining, free of metastases. The total number of positive cells at the front of invasion were evaluated quantitatively and the results were related to clinical TNM staging, histological grade of malignancy and prognostic factors. It was observed for the group with metastasis, prevalence of stages III and IV (p<0.0001). Most patients with metastasis, had a high grade of malignancy (p=0.006). Most cases classified as high grade of malignancy had stages III and IV (p=0.032). Of the total sample, there were three cases of recurrence and five with death, however these variables were not statistically significant when associated with clinicopathological parameters. The immunostaining of CD8 and CD57, respectively, showed no statistically significant association with any of the clinicopathological parameters studied, metastasis (p=0.346, p=0.622), TNM classification (p=0.146, p=0.576), histological grade of malignancy (p=0.936, p=936), recurrence (p=0.075, p=0.075) and death (p=0.897, p=0.856). Believing in the function of the immunological system against malignant cells, it is concluded that the TD8 lymphocytes and NK cells, would be acting in the control of the progression of malignant neoplasms, but not in isolated manner

Estudo clínico-patológico do carcinoma epidermóide de língua e imunoistoquímico das proteínas BMP-2, BMPR-IA, BMPR-II e endoglina

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines involved in proliferation and angiogenesis of many kind of human cancer. The present study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of BMP-2, BMPR-II, BMPR-IA and endoglin (CD105) and their relationship with the biological behavior and local angiogenesis in tongue oral squamous cells carcinoma (SCC). The sample consisted of 25 cases of tongue SCC without metastasis, 25 tongue SCC with metastasis and 25 cases of Inflamatory Fibrous Hyperplasia (IFH).The histological grade of malignancy proposed by Bryne (1998), adapted by Miranda (2002) was used to classify all tongue SCC cases. Score 0 was attributed to absent-weak immunoexpression and score 1 for strong immunostaning and pattern of distribution was focal or diffuse. Microvessel counts (MVC) was established for CD105. Most of the patients with tongue SCC was male. The principal age in tongue SCC without metastasis was over 65 years and in tongue SCC with metastasis was between 45-65 years. There were predominance of stage II in TNM and in the specimens with high-grade, independent of studied group. For BMP-2, 56% of tongue SCC without metastasis and 72% tongue SCC with metastasis exhibited score 1 while the IFH showed secore 0 in 72% of the cases, with statistical association (p=0,007). Considering the BMPR-II, 52% of tongue SCC without metastasis exhibited score 0; 56% tongue SCC with metastasis and 60% IFH showed score 1. The majority cases of BMPR-IA demonstrated score 1 and 100% of CD105 exhibited strong immunoexpression in tongue SCC. Regarding the pattern distribution, it was noted a tendency to diffuse pattern for the proteins in all groups. The means of MVC were similar in tongue SCC without metastasis (32,91) and in tongue SCC with metastasis (32,05), however existed statistical difference with IFH (p<0,001). There was statistical association of BMP-2 expression with BMPR-II (p=0,008), BMPR-IA (p=0,006) and CD105 (p=0,046). An association between TNM and BMP-2 immunoexpression and their receptors was not detected, nevertheless this association was found with MVC (p=0,047) whose averages were higher for the stages II (35,97) e IV (35,69). No association between histological grading and these proteins was observed. This study suggests that the superexpression of BMP-2 signaling pathways acts on cell proliferation in tongue SCC and can be implicated with more invasive potential. Additionaly, the CD105 is a potent biological marker of neovascularization in this neoplasm and their association with BMP-2 and BMPR-IA receptor, showed that this type of cancer in BMP-2 is presented as pro-angiogenic in the metastatic process

Avaliação imuno-histoquímica das galectinas-1, -3, -4 e -7 em carcinoma epidermóide de língua.

Several studies are carried out with aim to establish parameters to determine biologic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma, in order this neoplasm presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of present research was to performe a clinic, morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis by the expression of galectins 1, 3, 4 and 7 in 65 cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, correlating this expression with clinics (outcome of the disease, metastasis and clinical staging) and morphologic parameters (malignancy histologic gradation system). The clinical and morphologic parameters analysed and expression of galectins 1, 3, 4 and 7 were submitted to statistical analysis (Qui2 test), observing that can be utilized as indicators of the biological behavior of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The galectin 1 was expressed in 87,7% of cases studied and it exhibit statistically significant correlation with metastasis (p=0,033) and clinical staging (p=0,016), it is located mostly in the citoplasm of the stomal cells. The immunoexpression of galectin 3 in 87,7% of cases was correlated with the presence of metastasis (p=0,033) and malignancy histological gradation system (p=0,031), observed, mostly of cases, in tongue squamous cell carcinoma of malignancy high grading. The galectin 4 showed no statistical significance to any of the parameters evaluated. The expression of galectin 7 in 73,8% of cases showed statistically significant correlation with the malignancy histologic grading (p=0,005), which is marking exclusively found in neoplastic epithelial cells, in the mostly of cases, it is found in cytoplasm and membrane (50%). The expressive immunopositivy of the galectins 1, 3 and 7, observed in this research, leads us to suggest a broad participation of these proteins in oral carcinogenesis, and its possible use as markers of biological behavior and tumor progression in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Exprassão imuno-histoquímica dos fatores de reabsorção óssea em lesões centrais e periféricas de células gigantes

The Giant Cell Lesions, both the Central Giant Cells Lesions (CGCL) as the Peripheral Giant Cells Lesions (PGCL), correspond to a group of oral lesions that are histologically similar entities; however they show a variable clinical behaviour. The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of bone resorption factors RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B), RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B Ligand) and OPG (Osteoprotegerin) between CGCL and PGCL. Additionally, these bone resorption factors were examined in terms of aggressiveness of these lesions. The sample consisted of 61 cases, 30 cases of PGCL and 31 CGCL (16 non-aggressive and 15 aggressive). The analysis was performed by quantification of mononuclear cells (MO) and giant multinucleated cells (CG) immunopositive to anti-RANK, anti-RANKL and anti-OPG antibodies in 10 fields. Moreover, according to the proportion between the amount of cells positive for RANKL and OPG, the cases were categorized into: RANKL>OPG, OPG>RANKL e RANKL=OPG. CGCL showed a higher amount of MO (p=0.002) and total cells (p=0.003) both positives to RANKL compared with the PGCL. Additionally, the CGCL revealed a significant association with the ratio of RANKL>OPG (p=0.001). Analysis of the bone resorption factors revealed no significant differences between aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL (p>0.05). It was observed a positive correlation between the markers themselves, and a negative correlation between lesion size and quantity of OPG positive MO cells (p=0,004) and total cells (p=0,009). Through these results, we suggest that the greatest CGCL resorptive potential compared to the PGCL, may have occurred to the high expression of RANKL. Furthermore differences in the biological behavior of aggressive and non-aggressive CGCL appear to be related to the expression of these bone resorption factors