Automedicação e guarda de medicamentos por universitários das áreas de saúde e tecnologia

This study aimed to compare self-medication and domestic drug storage among undergraduate students in the areas of health and technology. This is a descriptive study of cross-sectional type and quantitative approach, conducted in a Public University of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample consisted of 300 students of the third year of undergraduate courses at the Center for Health Sciences and Technology Center, selected through a simple random sample. The project was authorized by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CAAE 0137.0.051.000-10). Data collection lasted twelve months and was conducted during the period of study participants, in the university environment. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and applied Fisher s exact test and Chi-square test with adopted level of significance α=5% and 10%. For the variables that correlated with self-medication (p<0.05), we subsequently calculated the odds ratios and confidence intervals. The prevalence of undergraduate students who performed self-medication in the 15 days prior to the collection accounted for 33.7% and, by analyzing each knowledge area, we verified was a higher prevalence of self-medication among students in the technological area (37.3%). The analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in this practice revealed a significant difference between the knowledge areas in the income and self-medication variables (p=0.005). General analgesics and antipyretics (N02) represent the therapy group most used in self-medication (57.4%), especially acetaminophen (28.7%), and the main health situations that motivated this practice related to pain, especially headaches (48.5%). Regarding the indication of the drugs used, the majority of students self-medicated themselves on their own (71.3%). As regards to the in-home drug storage, most of the participants had a home pharmacy (88%). By analyzing the socioeconomic characteristics, the variables medical service and home medicine presented a significant difference (p=0.002). General 10 analgesics and antipyretics constituted the medicinal products most found in the home pharmacies, especially acetaminophen. The main room used for the drug storage was the kitchen (36.4%), most students kept these products in boxes of different materials (38.6%) and the medicines stored at home of most of the participants were not easily accessible to children (75%). The results reinforce the need to develop strategies, from the reality found, aiming to encourage and implement educational and preventive activities with undergraduate students on the importance of proper self-medication and in-home drug storage. Despite the sample in our study is relatively small, not representative for the whole country, we believe that, at national level, the panorama of the subject does not present major differences

A propaganda de medicamentos voltados à clínica obstétrica e/ou ginecológica e sua influência sobre a prescrição

INTRODUCTION: Drug advertisement stimulates self-medication and irrational use of medicines, especially when it starts to interfere in the prescription. Monitoring advertisements, as well as the observation of its influence on health professionals, prescriptions become necessary because of this public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to analyze drug advertisements directed to gynecologists and/or obstetricians doctors relating them to the current legislation as well as its influence on prescription. METHODOLOGY: The sample was composed of drug advertisements divulged to the gynecologists and / or obstetricians doctors and was analyzed according to RDC96/2008. To evaluate the influence of advertisement on prescription, a questionnaire was administered to gynecologists / obstetricians doctors and prescriptions of a public maternity were also evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Concerning the advertisements analyzed, 48% complied fully with current legislation and 52% of the advertisements analyzed were in accordance to the RDC No. 96/2008 in most of the items evaluated. The doctors interviewed are used to receive the visits of propagandists, even in the public service, receiving gifts offered by the industry and believe that medicine advertisement tries to influence prescribing. Many of them use the material provided by the propagandist as a source for their prescription, although they present a critical view about them information. The use of trade name / mark on the prescription is a common practice among the doctors interviewed, even in the public service, suggesting there is an influence of medicine advertisement on the prescription

Análise de conteúdo e validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem autocontrole ineficaz da saúde

The study aims to analyze the content and measures of accuracy of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Study of nursing diagnosis validation carried out in two stages, namely: content analysis by judges and accuracy of clinical indicators. In the first stage, 22 judges evaluated the setting and location of the diagnosis, clinical indicators and etiological factors and their conceptual and empirical definitions. We used the binomial test to determine the proportion of the judges of the relevance of the components of the nursing diagnosis. In the second stage, we used the Latent Class Analysis for the diagnostic accuracy by evaluating 200 patients in a hemodialysis clinic in northeastern Brazil. Research approved by the Ethics Committee, under the Opinion No 387 837 and CAAE 18486413.0.0000.5537. The results show that the judges evaluated as pertinent clinical indicators 12 and 22 etiological factors. Proposed amendment of the nomenclature of five indicators and six factors and the implementation of a clinical indicator for etiology and three etiological factors for clinical indicators. In conceptual and empirical definitions, judges judged as not relevant the conceptual and empirical definitions of a clinical indicator, the conceptual definitions of two etiological factors and empirical definitions four etiological factors. Still, changes were suggested in the conceptual and empirical definitions of two clinical indicators, the conceptual definitions of 12 etiological factors and empirical definitions of 11 etiological factors. Clinical indicators analyzed in the first stage were validated clinically in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The most frequent clinical indicators were Changes in laboratory tests (100%) and daily life choices ineffective to achieve health goals (81%); and three etiological factors had a higher frequency, they are: unfavorable demographic factors (94.5%), beliefs (79%) and comorbidities (77.5%). From Latent class analysis, diagnosis prevalence was estimated at 66.28%. Clinical indicators that showed the best sensitivity measures for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health were: daily life choices ineffective to achieve health goals and Expression of difficulty with prescribed regimens. In turn, the clinical indicators of inappropriate medication use, no expression of desire to control the disease, irregular attendance to the dialysis sessions and infection were more specific as to that diagnosis. Non-adherence to treatment was the only indicator that showed confidence intervals with values for sensitivity and specificity, statistically above 0.5, being the one who has better diagnostic accuracy as the inference of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health in hemodialysis clientele. Thus, it is believed that the improvement of the components of diagnosis in question will contribute to the development of more reliable nursing interventions to the health status of the individual in hemodialysis, providing a more scientifically qualified care.

Análise de conteúdo e validação clínica do diagnóstico de enfermagem autocontrole ineficaz da saúde

The study aims to analyze the content and measures of accuracy of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Study of nursing diagnosis validation carried out in two stages, namely: content analysis by judges and accuracy of clinical indicators. In the first stage, 22 judges evaluated the setting and location of the diagnosis, clinical indicators and etiological factors and their conceptual and empirical definitions. We used the binomial test to determine the proportion of the judges of the relevance of the components of the nursing diagnosis. In the second stage, we used the Latent Class Analysis for the diagnostic accuracy by evaluating 200 patients in a hemodialysis clinic in northeastern Brazil. Research approved by the Ethics Committee, under the Opinion No 387 837 and CAAE 18486413.0.0000.5537. The results show that the judges evaluated as pertinent clinical indicators 12 and 22 etiological factors. Proposed amendment of the nomenclature of five indicators and six factors and the implementation of a clinical indicator for etiology and three etiological factors for clinical indicators. In conceptual and empirical definitions, judges judged as not relevant the conceptual and empirical definitions of a clinical indicator, the conceptual definitions of two etiological factors and empirical definitions four etiological factors. Still, changes were suggested in the conceptual and empirical definitions of two clinical indicators, the conceptual definitions of 12 etiological factors and empirical definitions of 11 etiological factors. Clinical indicators analyzed in the first stage were validated clinically in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The most frequent clinical indicators were Changes in laboratory tests (100%) and daily life choices ineffective to achieve health goals (81%); and three etiological factors had a higher frequency, they are: unfavorable demographic factors (94.5%), beliefs (79%) and comorbidities (77.5%). From Latent class analysis, diagnosis prevalence was estimated at 66.28%. Clinical indicators that showed the best sensitivity measures for the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health were: daily life choices ineffective to achieve health goals and Expression of difficulty with prescribed regimens. In turn, the clinical indicators of inappropriate medication use, no expression of desire to control the disease, irregular attendance to the dialysis sessions and infection were more specific as to that diagnosis. Non-adherence to treatment was the only indicator that showed confidence intervals with values for sensitivity and specificity, statistically above 0.5, being the one who has better diagnostic accuracy as the inference of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Self Health in hemodialysis clientele. Thus, it is believed that the improvement of the components of diagnosis in question will contribute to the development of more reliable nursing interventions to the health status of the individual in hemodialysis, providing a more scientifically qualified care.

Auto-eficácia de alunos de administração: um estudo com concluintes do curso de graduação em Administração no Estado do Pará

The current study presents the characteristics of self-efficacy of students of Administration course, who work and do not work. The study was conducted through a field research, descriptive, addressed quantitatively using statistical procedures. Was studied a population composed of 394 students distributed in three Higher Education Institutions, in the metropolitan region of Belém, in the State of Pará. The sampling was not probabilistic by accessibility, with a sample of 254 subjects. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire composed of a set of questions divided into three sections: the first related to sociodemographic data, the second section was built to identify the work situation of the respondent and the third section was built with issues related to General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1999). Sociodemographic data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics. This procedure allowed characterizing the subjects of the sample. To identify the work situation, the analysis of frequency and percentage was used, which allowed to classify in percentage, the respondents who worked and those that did not work, and the data related to the scale of self-efficacy were processed quantitatively by the method of multivariate statistics using the software of program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows - SPSS, version 17 from the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis. This procedure allowed characterizing the students who worked and the students who did not worked. The results were discussed based on Social Cognitive Theory from the construct of self-efficacy of Albert Bandura (1977). The study results showed a young sample, composed the majority of single women with work experience, and indicated that the characteristics of self-efficacy of students who work and students who do not work are different. The self-efficacy beliefs of students who do not work are based on psychological expectations, whereas the students who work demonstrated that their efficacy beliefs are sustained by previous experiences. A student who does not work proved to be reliant in their abilities to achieve a successful performance in their activities, believing it to be easy to achieve your goals and to face difficult situations at work, simply by invest a necessary effort and trust in their abilities. One who has experience working proved to be reliant in their abilities to conduct courses of action, although know that it is not easy to achieve your goals, and in unexpected situations showed its ability to solve difficult problems

Hanseníase: a implicação da educação em saúde para o autocuidado

A hanseníase é um problema de saúde em nível mundial devido principalmente ao seu potencial incapacitante. A estratégia de combate à doença adotada pelo Ministério de Saúde é o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenção e tratamento de incapacidades físicas e vigilância dos contatos domiciliares. Tudo isso fundamentado na educação em saúde como sustentáculo para compreensão do processo de adoecimento, da doença em si, sua aceitação e, principalmente, das ações de autocuidado para prevenção de sequelas. Nesse contexto, questiona-se: Qual a implicação da assistência de enfermagem focada na educação em saúde para o autocuidado em portadores de hanseníase? O objetivo geral desse estudo é avaliar os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos portadores de hanseníase sobre a doença, o tratamento e autocuidado abordados durante a consulta de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes. Respeitou a resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde e foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética sob nº 387.769 e CAAE 17468213.0.0000.5537. Envolveu 14 portadores de hanseníase em tratamento no ambulatório de dermatologia do HUOL. Os dados foram coletados no período de 23 de setembro a 04 de novembro de 2013 por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada; e analisados a partir da analise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados e discussões são apresentados através de um artigo, o qual atende os objetivos propostos, denominado O autocuidado realizado por portadores de hanseníase . Esse objetivou identificar as ações de autocuidado de portadores de hanseníase em uma unidade de referência a partir de três eixos temáticos emersos dos discursos dos sujeitos: 1.as complicações/sequelas da hanseníase conhecidas pelos portadores da doença; 2. as ações de autocuidado adotadas pelos portadores de hanseníase; 3. as possíveis contribuições de um grupo de autocuidado para os portadores de hanseníase. Constou-se aparente superficialidade no conhecimento dos pacientes sobre as complicações da hanseníase, como também, das ações de autocuidado realizadas por eles. Verificou-se também a importância da assistência de enfermagem ao portador de hanseníase, tanto na atenção primária, quanto nos demais níveis de complexidade 11 da assistência. Considera-se que o enfermeiro é um potencial colaborador da educação em saúde como alicerce para o controle e eliminação da hanseníase

Análise de conceito do diagnóstico de enfermagem autocontrole ineficaz da saúde em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise

The concept analysis process carefully examines the description and uses of a word or term, enabling the standardization of language, in addition to providing representation to the profession, and facilitate the work of taxonomies. The aim of the study was to analyze the concept of nursing diagnosis ineffective self-health in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Study concept analysis, based on Walker and Avant model and operationalized through integrative literature review. The databases searched were: SCOPUS, CINAHL, PUBMED, LILACS and COCHRANE, with descriptors: Selfmanagement, Adherence and Hemodialysis. The inclusion criteria were: articles published in the last five years, complete articles are available free in selected databases; articles available in Portuguese, English or Spanish; and articles that address the self-concept of health, the antecedents and the consequent. And Exclusion: editorials, letters to the editor, theses and dissertations. The survey of the articles occurred in the months from January to March 2014. The initial sample of 16785 articles, with 11748 in PUBMED, 4767 in Scopus, 174 in CINAHL, the Cochrane 70 and 26 in LILACS. After applying the criteria, 76 articles were selected, 19 in CINAHL, 18 in PUBMED, 30 in Scopus, and 9 in LILACS. In analyzing the data, given that the concept was sought in the literature was self-health, was held interpretation to ineffective self-health diagnosis through the transposition in the denial of the attributes, antecedents and consequences identified. It is noteworthy that the terms identified in the literature as defining characteristics and related factors of the diagnosis under study were added to the survey, not even the transposition into opposite term is possible. The results show that the concept developed for the inefficient self-health diagnosis was: the patient's inability to control habits and achieve the negotiated with professionals therapeutic targets, resulting in health complications. 33 antecedents relating to social, psychological and therapeutic aspects and 16 consequential, involving physiological, social, psychological and therapeutic aspects were identified. Thus, it is concluded that the ineffective self-health concept is broad and involves individual patient factors and the therapeutic relationship between patient and professionals. It is believed that the study contributed to the improvement of diagnosis in renal clientele, besides being an important base for the growth of the scientific body of nursing, subsidizing the development of own technology area

Autoeficácia de alunos de Administração: um estudo com concluintes do curso de graduação em Administração no Estado do Pará

The current study presents the characteristics of self-efficacy of students of Administration course, who work and do not work. The study was conducted through a field research, descriptive, addressed quantitatively using statistical procedures. Was studied a population composed of 394 students distributed in three Higher Education Institutions, in the metropolitan region of Belém, in the State of Pará. The sampling was not probabilistic by accessibility, with a sample of 254 subjects. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire composed of a set of questions divided into three sections: the first related to sociodemographic data, the second section was built to identify the work situation of the respondent and the third section was built with issues related to General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1999). Sociodemographic data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics. This procedure allowed characterizing the subjects of the sample. To identify the work situation, the analysis of frequency and percentage was used, which allowed to classify in percentage, the respondents who worked and those that did not work, and the data related to the scale of self-efficacy were processed quantitatively by the method of multivariate statistics using the software of program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows - SPSS, version 17 from the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis. This procedure allowed characterizing the students who worked and the students who did not worked. The results were discussed based on Social Cognitive Theory from the construct of self-efficacy of Albert Bandura (1977). The study results showed a young sample, composed the majority of single women with work experience, and indicated that the characteristics of self-efficacy of students who work and students who do not work are different. The self-efficacy beliefs of students who do not work are based on psychological expectations, whereas the students who work demonstrated that their efficacy beliefs are sustained by previous experiences. A student who does not work proved to be reliant in their abilities to achieve a successful performance in their activities, believing it to be easy to achieve your goals and to face difficult situations at work, simply by invest a necessary effort and trust in their abilities. One who has experience working proved to be reliant in their abilities to conduct courses of action, although know that it is not easy to achieve your goals, and in unexpected situations showed its ability to solve difficult problems

Segurança do paciente no sistema de medicação: análise de enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino

This study aimed to identify and describe the factors related to Patient Safety in a medication system according to the nurses analysis in a teaching hospital from the photographic analysis method. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with mixed approach in a teaching hospital in Rio Grande do Norte. The population consisted of 42 nurses from inpatient units, of which 34 composed the study sample. As eligibility criteria, we defined nurses from public service and nurses who agreed to participate. Ethical determinations were observed, the study was submitted to the Ethics and Research of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes, obtaining the assent with ethical assessment certificate (CAAE 0098.0.051.294-11). For data collection, we used the photographic method (Photographic Analysis Technique) by Patricia Marck (Canada). It was developed in two phases: at first, we randomly captured photos from the medication system, resulting in 282 images; then we selected/processed the photographs, which were reduced to 10 images in Microsoft Excel 2010; in the second phase, the nurses answered the questionnaire divided into socio-professional profile and Digital Photography Scoring Tool (questions a and b ). For analysis of the question a , we used the content analysis technique, and for b , we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20.0 (temporary license). The socio-professional profile revealed the predominance of females; age group 34-43 years; professionals with specialization; 10-18 years of length of service; and nurses working exclusively in the hospital and who know the Patient Safety. The photographic analysis in relation to Patient Safety resulted in specific categories for each stage of the medication system. Regarding disposal, we identified Proper verification ; Improper verification ; Correct identification ; Disposal in single doses ; and Improper Environment , with predominance of that last category. As for storage: Proper storage ; Improper storage ; Risk of exchange/disappearance ; and Poor hygiene , with special reference to improper storage. In preparation: Risk of exchanging medication/patient ; Inappropriate physical space ; and Inadequate 9 preparation of controlled drugs , highlighting the first category. In drug administration: Lack of Personal Protective Equipment ; Use of Personal Protective Equipment ; Improper administration technique ; Proper administration technique ; Correct drug identification ; Incorrect drug identification ; and Peripheral venous access without identification . From the safety assessment of 10 photographs, by adapting the scores (1-10) to the Likert Scale, we identified three Totally Unsafe (Level 1), three Unsafe (Level 2), three Partially Safe (Level 3), one Safe (Level 4), and no photograph considered Totally Safe. This study identified the prevalence of unsafety in the medication system in the nurses opinion. We were also able to understand that, although nurses identify safety aspects, the most prevalent categories characterize an unsafe assessment. Nursing needs to reflect on its practice, identifying gaps in the medication system in order to achieve a proper and safe care