Estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua e a flutuação de força em idosas durante exercício isométrico

The fluctuacion force has been increasingly used in studies with elderly as a good predictor of performance and functionality of the motor. However, most analyzes the fluctuation of force in one session. Thus, identifying the minimum amount of sessions needed for familiarization with the fluctuation strength in isometric exercise become relevant. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) associated with regular exercise on rates fluctuation task force is extremely important. In the first experiment, volunteers were subjected to a protocol marked by a familiarization session to establish the parameters of VCM and eight sessions with intensity of 30% MVC in office. It was observed that two familiarization sessions are required so there is a fluctuation stabilizing force. In experiment II, subjects performed an isometric contraction before and after applying tDCS (cathode, anode and sham) applied to M1. ETCC anodic effectively contributed to reducing the fluctuation of force during isometric exercise in the elderly, while the cathodic caused the increased levels of strength fluctuation. It was concluded that there is a need to implement a familiarization protocol with at least two sessions to avoid possible misunderstandings of measurements in tests of fluctuacion force. Besides that tDCS interfered with the behavior of the oscillations of force, with cathodic promoting increased fluctuation strength and anodic contributed to greater stability, demonstrating the potential of this technique neuromodulation associated with exercise as rehabilitation tools

Efeitos da eletroestimulação sobre os parâmetros eletromiográficos e dinamométricos do músculo quadríceps femoral

To analyze the effects of electrical stimulation at two frequencies on the EMG parameters (EMG) and dynamometer, in muscles with different typing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a controlled clinical trial, randomized and double blind. Sixty healthy volunteers (23.6 ± 4.2anos; 54.2 ± 7.7kg, 1.62 ± 0.009 cm) of both sexes were divided randomly into three groups: control group (CG), experimental group 1 (SG1) with application of the current Russian 30 HZ and experimental group 2 (EG2) at 70 Hz The volunteers performed an initial assessment (AV1) on the isokinetic dynamometer with three repetitions maximum voluntary isometric (MVC) for knee extension concomitant uptake of EMG for the VM muscle, VL and RF. Later, after application of NMES, they underwent an experimental protocol of isometric fatigue using 70% of MVIC, ending with the completion of a final assessment (AV2) in the same manner as the AV1. RESULTS: By analyzing the profile of the 60 subjects in three broad, VM showed a higher value of RMS behavior when the VL and RF (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). With respect to Fmed the RF muscle (p = 0.001) showed a higher value for the VM. The VM muscle showed significant increases of Fmed (p = 0.05) after electrical stimulation at 70 Hz when compared the AV1 AV2 and RF showed significant decreases (p = 0.009) after stimulation at 30 Hz during the fatigue showed an increase RMS in the VM and VL, with a reduction in RF. For the variable Fmed was observed in three broad decline during fatigue. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that the muscles VM, VL and RF fiber typing are different besides indicating that the frequency of NMES tend to relate to the muscle stimulated. Finally suggests the surface EMG as a noninvasive method for characterizing muscle

Estudo da angiogênese pelo CD105 e FvW no carcinoma epidermóide oral e sua relação com o estadiamento clínico do tumor

The purpose of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CD105 and FvW antibodies in the angiogenesis of oral epidermoid carcinoma (OEC), correlating it with the TNM clinical staging system, seeking a better understanding of its biological behavior and use as an indicator of prognosis.The sample consisted of 30 epidermoid carcinoma (EC) cases, 10 of the floor of the mouth, 10 of the retromolar region and 10 of the tongue, in addition to 10 cases of pyogenic granuloma, which made up the control group. The results showed that mean microvessel counts (MVC) were correspondingly higher in the pyogenic granuloma group (CD105 = 57.26 vessels and FvW = 39.64) than in the EC group (CD105 = 10.09 and FvW = 12.20) and that the differences were statistically significant between the groups for each of the angiogenic biomarkers (p = 0.002 for CD105 and p< 0.001 for FvW). CD105 had better positivity in the pyogenic granuloma group (mean = 57.26 vessels) and for EC, FvW had the highest expression (mean = 12.20 vessels). With respect to EC, the most affected age group was between 51 and 70 years (n = 14; 46.7%), with a representative MVC for both markers. No statistically significant difference was found between the sexes for any of the markers (p = 0.967 for CD105 and p = 0.744 for FvW). Mean CD105 levels were much higher in patients with stage T3 and T4 (17.13) and lower in those with stage N+ (6.36). Mean FvW levels were higher in the patients with stage T1 and T2 (12.23) and lower in patients with T3 and T4 (12.10), but without a statistically significant difference. In regard to anatomic location, a statistically significant difference was observed between FvW sites, with a statistically significant difference between floor of the mouth cases and those located in the retromolar region (p =0.013). Therefore, this study suggests that CD105 expression in OEC angiogenesis, in contrast to other types of malignant neoplasias, may not be correlated with prognosis and tumor aggressiveness, whereas FvW was a more effective antibody for staining this lesion

Expressão imuno-histoquímica dos marcadores angiogênicos CD105 (endoglina) e CD34 em hemangiomas e granulomas piogênicos orais

Angiogenesis, a fundamental mechanism in tumor development, is used for differential diagnosis and prognosis purposes in various neoplasias of the head and neck. This study proposes to assess angiogenic activity using immunohistochemical expression by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 antibodies in 20 cases of hemangiomas and 20 cases of oral pyogenic granulomas, in addition to determining the usefulness of these markers as one of the differential diagnosis resources for these two oral lesions. The results showed no statistically significant difference between microvascular count (MVC) means determined by anti-CD105 (p = 0.803) and anti-CD34 (p = 0.279) antibodies. The mean number of vessels obtained by MVC in the oral hemangiomas immunostained by anti-CD105 and anti-CD34 was 18.75 and 59.72, respectively, whereas in the oral pyogenic granulomas, the mean number was 20.22 and 48.09 respectively. It was also shown that CD34 was more effective than CD105 in identifying blood vessels. However, it must be pointed out that the anti-CD105 antibody seems to be more related to vascular neoformation. Overall, this assay reinforces the role of angiogenic factors in the etiopathogenesis of hemangiomas and oral pyogenic granulomas, but the results showed that angiogenesis quantification cannot be used as a differential diagnosis parameter between the two lesions analyzed

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das proteínas MMP-9, VEGF e FVW em lesões centrais e periféricas de células gigantes

Central giant cell lesion (CGCL) and peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL) of the jaws have a distinct clinical behavior, although they share histopathologic features. It is still unclear whether these clinical differences are supported by a distinct pattern of immunoexpression of markers for multinucleated giant cells (GC) and mononuclear cells (MC). The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, MMP-9 in CG and MC and measure the vascularization by vWF to check whether there are differences in expression of these biomarkers between CGCL and PGCL. Paraffin wax blocks of 20 cases of LCCG and 20 LPCG were retrieved. MMP-9 immunoreactivity was greater in the CM of PGCL compared to VEGF (p<0.05). VEGF expression was greater in the CM of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05) and it was greater in the overall expression of CGCL compared to PGCL (p<0.05). Vascularity was quantified by microvascular counting (MVC). MVC was greater in the PGCL compared CGCL (p<0.05). MMP-9 showed a greater tendency of expression in CGCL, though was not significant (p>0.05). We tested correlation between the proteins studied in each group and found a significant negative correlation between VEGF and vWF in CGCL (p<0.05). These results suggest that there are differences in the expression of VEGF in CM and overall expression between the lesions, although no statistically significant difference in the overall expression of the MMP-9. Then, there was a trend in increased expression of MMP-9 and VEGF in CGCL, possibly by the involvement of both proteins in osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, the results of this study indicate a higher degree of vascularization in PGCL compared to CGCL, fact that can be directly linked to the reactive nature of the PGCL, where the inflammatory process with its rich angiogenesis contributes significantly to these findings.

Avaliação da angiogênese em lesões de líquen plano oral e pênfigo vulgar

Oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris are chronic diseases mucous membrane immune of unknown aetiology that can be observed affecting to the oral mucous. A relevant as regards neoplasies the role angiogenesis in the inflammatory chronic disease pathogenesis as it provides a substancial interest can be considered as being an activity diseases marker; besides being through specialised research of this angiogenic process to improve of understanding pathogenic mechanism. This research proposes to assess angiogenic active through of antibody immunohistochemistry expression antiCD34 antibody in 26 OLP of reticular cases, 14 OLP erosives cases, 18 of PV cases and 15 specimens of normal oral mucosa. The result was submitted non-parametric tests of 5% significance level. It is not statistically significant correlacion was seen regarding between average vessels. However, only be effectively observed the median of OLP cases was larger than pemphigus vulgaris in fact proved average larger than oral normal mucosa (p=0,280). Regarding the microvascular count of CD34 concerning clinic form oral lichen planus (reticular and erosion) increased emphasis is more cross-border average for the form erosion clinic. Despite of the statistic tests could not be more effective (p=0,720). Even though, the results of the research is not sufficient to enable to consider of angiogenic process in the pathogenesis and lesions progression of oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris, we suggest this process is present in both forms lesion, however, more studies must be made in the near future in order to prepare a well-founded proposal

Estudo clínico-patológico do carcinoma epidermóide de língua e imunoistoquímico das proteínas BMP-2, BMPR-IA, BMPR-II e endoglina

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines involved in proliferation and angiogenesis of many kind of human cancer. The present study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of BMP-2, BMPR-II, BMPR-IA and endoglin (CD105) and their relationship with the biological behavior and local angiogenesis in tongue oral squamous cells carcinoma (SCC). The sample consisted of 25 cases of tongue SCC without metastasis, 25 tongue SCC with metastasis and 25 cases of Inflamatory Fibrous Hyperplasia (IFH).The histological grade of malignancy proposed by Bryne (1998), adapted by Miranda (2002) was used to classify all tongue SCC cases. Score 0 was attributed to absent-weak immunoexpression and score 1 for strong immunostaning and pattern of distribution was focal or diffuse. Microvessel counts (MVC) was established for CD105. Most of the patients with tongue SCC was male. The principal age in tongue SCC without metastasis was over 65 years and in tongue SCC with metastasis was between 45-65 years. There were predominance of stage II in TNM and in the specimens with high-grade, independent of studied group. For BMP-2, 56% of tongue SCC without metastasis and 72% tongue SCC with metastasis exhibited score 1 while the IFH showed secore 0 in 72% of the cases, with statistical association (p=0,007). Considering the BMPR-II, 52% of tongue SCC without metastasis exhibited score 0; 56% tongue SCC with metastasis and 60% IFH showed score 1. The majority cases of BMPR-IA demonstrated score 1 and 100% of CD105 exhibited strong immunoexpression in tongue SCC. Regarding the pattern distribution, it was noted a tendency to diffuse pattern for the proteins in all groups. The means of MVC were similar in tongue SCC without metastasis (32,91) and in tongue SCC with metastasis (32,05), however existed statistical difference with IFH (p<0,001). There was statistical association of BMP-2 expression with BMPR-II (p=0,008), BMPR-IA (p=0,006) and CD105 (p=0,046). An association between TNM and BMP-2 immunoexpression and their receptors was not detected, nevertheless this association was found with MVC (p=0,047) whose averages were higher for the stages II (35,97) e IV (35,69). No association between histological grading and these proteins was observed. This study suggests that the superexpression of BMP-2 signaling pathways acts on cell proliferation in tongue SCC and can be implicated with more invasive potential. Additionaly, the CD105 is a potent biological marker of neovascularization in this neoplasm and their association with BMP-2 and BMPR-IA receptor, showed that this type of cancer in BMP-2 is presented as pro-angiogenic in the metastatic process

Avalição de reusabilidade de aplicações web baseadas em frameworks orientados a ações e a componentes: estudo de Caso sobre os Frameworks Apache Struts e JavaServer Faces

Over the years the use of application frameworks designed for the View and Controller layers of MVC architectural pattern adapted to web applications has become very popular. These frameworks are classified into Actions Oriented and Components Oriented , according to the solution strategy adopted by the tools. The choice of such strategy leads the system architecture design to acquire non-functional characteristics caused by the way the framework influences the developer to implement the system. The components reusability is one of those characteristics and plays a very important role for development activities such as system evolution and maintenance. The work of this dissertation consists to analyze of how the reusability could be influenced by the Web frameworks usage. To accomplish this, small academic management applications were developed using the latest versions of Apache Struts and JavaServer Faces frameworks, the main representatives of Java plataform Web frameworks of. For this assessment was used a software quality model that associates internal attributes, which can be measured objectively, to the characteristics in question. These attributes and metrics defined for the model were based on some work related discussed in the document

Uma arquitetura de referência para o desenvolvimento de sistemas interativos multiplataformas

It is increasingly common use of a single computer system using different devices - personal computers, telephones cellular and others - and software platforms - systems graphical user interfaces, Web and other systems. Depending on the technologies involved, different software architectures may be employed. For example, in Web systems, it utilizes architecture client-server - usually extended in three layers. In systems with graphical interfaces, it is common architecture with the style MVC. The use of architectures with different styles hinders the interoperability of systems with multiple platforms. Another aggravating is that often the user interface in each of the devices have structure, appearance and behaviour different on each device, which leads to a low usability. Finally, the user interfaces specific to each of the devices involved, with distinct features and technologies is a job that needs to be done individually and not allow scalability. This study sought to address some of these problems by presenting a reference architecture platform-independent and that allows the user interface can be built from an abstract specification described in the language in the specification of the user interface, the MML. This solution is designed to offer greater interoperability between different platforms, greater consistency between the user interfaces and greater flexibility and scalability for the incorporation of new devices