Perfil de imunoglobulinas e correlação de autoanticorpos com a ocorrência de diversas formas clínicas em pacientes chagásicos crônicos

Introdução: O dano miocárdico na doença de Chagas resulta tanto da ação parasitária quanto da resposta imune do hospedeiro humano. O mimetismo molecular entre proteínas do Trypanosoma cruzi e vários antígenos do hospedeiro tem sido amplamente descrito gerando células T CD8+ e anticorpos autorreativos. Entretanto, a geração dos autoanticorpos e seu papel na imunopatogenia da doença de Chagas ainda não têm sido elucidados, o que nos levou, neste trabalho, a avaliar a produção de imunoglobulina G total (IgGt) e seus isotipos anti-T. cruzi, proteínas cardíacas e sua possível associação com as diferentes formas clínicas da doença de Chagas. Métodos: A produção de IgGt e isotipos foi mensurada pelo método de ELISA no soro de pacientes com as formas clínicas indeterminada (IND, n=72), cardíaca (CARD, n=47) e digestiva/cardio-digestiva (DIG/CARD-DIG, n=12) da doença de Chagas, usando como antígenos as formas epimastigota e tripomastigota do T. cruzi e proteínas cardíacas humana (miosina e troponina T). As amostras de indivíduos não infectados saudáveis (CONT, n= 30) e pacientes com cardiomiopatia isquêmica (ISCH, n=15) foram usadas como controle. Os títulos de autoanticorpos foram correlacionados com parâmetros da função cardíaca obtidos por exames eletrocardiográficos, radiográficos e ecocardiográficos. Resultados: Neste estudo foram incluídos 131 indivíduos sem diferença significativa relativa à idade ou sexo. Destes, 55% foram classificados como IND, 35,9% CARD e 9,1% DIG/CARD-DIG. Os títulos de IgGt foram mais elevados em pacientes com as formas clínicas IND, CARD e DIG/CARD-DIG do que em indivíduos CONT e ISCH usando os antígenos as formas tripomastigotas e epimastigotas do T. cruzi e, proteínas cardíacas humanas. Os pacientes com formas clínicas CARD e DIG/CARD-DIG mostraram a produção mais elevada de IgG total dirigida contra antígenos de tripomastigota e epimastigota do que os IND. Os grupos de pacientes IND e CARD apresentaram uma similar produção de IgG total específica direcionada à miosina e troponina T, e mais elevada do que em indivíduos CONT e ISCH. Há uma correlação negativa entre a produção de anticorpos anti-proteínas cardíacas com a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) em pacientes chagásicos crônicos. Os pacientes foram agrupados em baixo e alto produtores de autoanticorpos e comparados com a fração de ejeção demonstrando que em pacientes alto produtores de anti-troponina T (p=0.042) e miosina (p=0.013) a FEVE foi mais baixa do que os baixo produtores. A maioria dos pacientes chagásicos produz simultaneamente autoanticorpos direcionados à ambas proteínas cardíacas (r=0.9508, p=0.0001). Conclusões: Estes resultados indicam que os autoanticorpos anti- troponina T e miosina cardíaca parecem induzir redução FEVE e deve ser associado com o desenvolvimento de cardiomiopatia chagásica

Avaliação do desempenho reprodutivo do Cavalo-Marinho Hippocampus reidi (GINSBURG 1933) do estuário do Rio Potengi (Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil) com vistas ao seu cultivo em bases sustentáveis

Os cavalos-marinhos têm cativado a imaginação e a curiosidade dos seres humanos por centenas de anos. No entanto, nos dias de hoje, esses animais correm um sério risco de extinção por fatores como a pesca desordenada para suprir os mercados de peixes ornamentais e da medicina tradicional chinesa e principalmente, a destruição do seu habitat. Nesse contexto, é crescente o número de estudos sobre a ecologia, a biologia (reprodutiva, especialmente) e o cultivo de várias espécies do gênero Hippocampus, inclusive para fins conservacionistas e de recomposição de estoques. Duas espécies de cavalos-marinhos são encontradas no Brasil: Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg 1933 e Hippocampus erectus Perry. No entanto, as informações sobre essas espécies estão basicamente restritas ao seu grau de ocorrência ou a sua área de ocupação. No presente estudo, foi avaliado o desempenho reprodutivo de Hippocampus reidi do estuário do rio Potengi (05° 47' 42'' S; 35° 12' 34'' W), em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, cavalos-marinhos grávidos (n = 38) foram coletados no referido estuário nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2008 e julho, agosto, setembro e outubro de 2009 e mantidos em laboratório até que liberassem os filhotes. O comprimento padrão (CPA), altura (ATA), volume da bolsa (VB) e peso úmido (PuA) dos adultos, bem como o comprimento padrão (CPF), altura (ATF), peso úmido (PuF) e peso seco (PsF) dos filhotes foram determinados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve correlações significativas entre o CPA e a ATA (r²=0,171), CPA e PuA (r²=0,624), CPA e VB (r²=0,256), ATA e PuA (r²=0,788), PuA e VB (r²=0,211), CPF e ATF (r²=0,903) e CPF e PsF (r²=0,163). A análise de correspondência (AC) que associou as classes do comprimento padrão dos adultos (CPA) e o volume da bolsa de H. reidi ao número de filhotes mostrou que animais entre 19 cm e 21 cm e com volume de bolsa entre 3 mL e 4 mL foram os que liberaram o maior número de filhotes. Os resultados do presente estudo também indicam que o tamanho mínimo de captura recomendado pela CITES (10 cm de altura) para H. reidi deve ser revisto, uma vez que não foram encontrados animais menores que 13,5 cm que estivessem grávidos. Finalmente, o número médio de filhotes por desova obtido no presente estudo (n = 775 ± 398 filhotes) realçou o potencial reprodutivo de H. reidi e a necessidade de estudos adicionais com esta espécie

SINAES: as diferentes faces da avaliação na UFRN

This thesis entitled SINAES: the different faces of the evaluation at UFRN, aims to analyze the configuration that the national policy for assessment in higher education has taken on UFRN. We assume that in recent years there are an oscillation between the concepts of evaluation, according with the logic of public administration it has preferred an approach that presents itself as a promoter of quality, sometimes with regulatory aspects, sometimes with educational ones. The text discusses the use of the new assessment tools for higher education placing them under the new demands on state reform context in which this is to promote and measure quality based on the values of excellence and competitiveness. This movement arises from the redefinition of the role of the State that has been taking features of Evaluator State. From a historical review of government initiatives in the field of evaluation, we analyze the characteristics of assessment policies outlined over the past decades. We are based on the theoretical method that aims to examine the multiple determinants that shape a particular reality from the larger movement of totality. To identify, in this case, connections and ruptures that have emerged over the history of assessment policies aimed at higher education by checking their determinants in order to better explain the reality. To investigate the object of this study we used as instruments: the research literature and research documents, the semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation. The study revealed that there are different practices of evaluation and that before to establishment the SINAES program, the UFRN already had a culture of an institutional assessment, more participatory and democratic, opposing to the rigidity of the self-assessment in SINAES program that it was instituted by the Commission for assessment (CPA). We also noticed that the implementation of the SINAES at URFN has been performed very slowly and the breadth and complexity of the evaluation process has contributed to hinder its implementation in all dimensions provided by MEC. Although it was observed that in its operationalization the SINAES has assumed a more normative assessment and directed to establish rankings between courses and higher education schools than to establish a more qualitative assessment in this system. As regards the evaluation of the undergraduate course studied on this research and subjected to the three dimensions of evaluation proposed by SINAES (self-assessment, Evaluation of Courses and ENADE) it was not possible to verify an effective integration between the methods of assessing conducted. The results are considered separately, in only a partial view of the course evaluated the proposal what pits the SINAES as a system that involves the totality

Efeito de três tecnicas de alongamento muscular sobre o torque e atividade eletromiográfica

PURPOSE: To examine the acute effects caused by three techniques for stretching the hamstrings muscle on the active concentric peak torque (PT), passive PT and electromyographic activity (EMG). METHODS: Sixty volunteers (mean ± SD age, 22.6 ± 3 years), height 1.64 ± 0.07m and body weight of 58 ± 8.6kg, were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 15 subjects: Control Group (CG) - 5 minutes at rest, Static Stretching Group (SG) - 2 x 30s; Hold-Relax Group (HRG) - 3 x 6s of isometric contraction of hamstrings interspersed by 10s of hamstrings stretching and agonist Hold-Relax Group (AHRG) - 3 x 6s of isometric contraction of the quadriceps interspersed by 10s of hamstrings stretching. Evaluation has been conducted preand post-intervention, which verified the active concentric PT, passive PT EMG activity of IT. The statistical inference was performed by testing intra and inter, significance level at 5%. RESULTS: After intervention, there was a reduction in passive PT on CG, accompanied by a reduction of EMG activity, and an increase in passive PT on SG and AHRG. There was no change in the active concentric PT, or change in EMG activity. CG showed an increase in angle of the PT active, while the other groups showed no change. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the shortterm stretching: 1) causes acute increase in passive torque, since the muscle does not perform sub-maximal contraction, 2) does not change in electromyographic activity and active torque, ind ependent of the technique

Análise bromatológica de carnes antes e após o processamento para obtenção de charque

The process of salting and drying in the sun is used to preserve meat since the beginning of civilization. There is evidence that this preservation technique has arisen in Egypt, between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. In our country, according to literature, was the first industrial product that gave the appearance of beef jerky, beef being produced, where about 70% to 75% of the muscle is composed of water, where it will be around 45% as a final product, according to the law in his article RIISPOA No. 432 provides that the jerky should contain no more than this amount of moisture in the muscular portion, or more than 15% of total ash with tolerance of up to 5% variation . Besides this parameter, proteins, lipids, ash, and minerals were analyzed in samples before and after the manufacturing process to know the content of these nutrients. Since these are considered important in product quality, thus the concentration in these samples, respectively, in the flesh Front (CD and CHD) before and after the manufacturing process for humidity were respectively 75.28% and 47.38% , the protein was 14.17 and 22.20 g / 100 g sample, 6.360 and 4.251 of lipids g/100g of the sample, and the ashes 0.974 9.144 g/100g sample, minerals like calcium and 4.074 30 , 06 ppm, sódio0, 055 and 5.401 g / L, sodium chloride, 0.139 and 13.74 g / L, potassium 237.5 and 166.8 ppm, 1.721 and 3.295 ppm iron, 0.143 and 0.135 ppm phosphorus, zinc and 4.690 6.905 ppm; magnésio14, 63 e13, 75 ppm manganese .017 e0, 007ppm, copper 0.057 and 0.039 ppm in the case of needle-type meat (CPA and CHPA), 68.04% and 44.17%, protein 13 , 72, and 24.42 g/100g of sample, 1.137 in the ash and 12.68 g / 100g of sample, and the minerals calcium 17.11 and 12.89 ppm; sódio0, 123 and 4.871 g / L, sodium chloride 0.312 and 12.39 g / L, potassium 305.3 and 182.1 ppm; ferro1, 817 and 1.513 ppm, 0.273 and 0.139 ppm phosphorus, zinc 6.305 and 4.783 ppm, 27.95 and 15.85 ppm magnesium, manganese and 0.025 0.011 ppm, 0.057 and 0.143 ppm copper and chromium 0.014 and 0.068 ppm

analise da dispersao de ondas de superficie na provincia borborema, Nordeste do Brasil

The Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil, had its internal structure investigated by different geophysical methods like gravity, magnetics and seismics. Additionally, many geological studies were also carried out to define the structural domains of this province. Despite the plethora of studies, there are still many important open aspects about its evolution. Here, we study the velocity structure of S-wave in the crust using dispersion of surface waves. The dispersion of surface waves allows an estimate of the average thickness of the crust across the region between the stations. The inversion of the velocity structure was carried out using the inter-station dispersion of surface waves of Rayleigh and Love types. The teleseismic events are mainly from the edges of the South and North American plates. The period of data collection occurred between 2007 and 2010 and we selected 7 events with magnitude above 5.0 MW and up to 40 km depth. The difference between the events back-azimuths and the interstation path was not greater than 10. We also know the depth of the Moho, results from Receiver Functions (Novo Barbosa, 2008), and use those as constrains in inversion. Even using different parameterizations of models for the inversion, our results were very similar the mean profiles velocity structure of S-wave. In pairs of stations located in the Cear´a Central Domain Borborema the province, there are ranges of depths for which the velocities of S are very close. Most of the results in the profile near the Moho complicate their interpretation at that depth, coinciding with the geology of the region, where there are many shear zones. In particular, the profile that have the route Potiguar Bacia in inter-station, had low velocities in the crust. We combine these results to the results of gravimetry and magnetometry (Oliveira, 2008) and receptor function (Novo Barbosa, 2008). We finally, the first results on the behavior of the velocity structure of S-wave with depth in the Province Borborema