A evolução do lítio em estrelas do tipo-solar através do diagrama HR

Important advances have been made along the last decade in the study of the lithium behavior in solar-type stars. Among the most important discoveries what attracts attention is that the distribution of lithium abundance in the late F-type giant stars tends to be discontinuous, at the same time of a sudden decline in rotation and a gradual decline according to the temperature for giant red stars of such spectral type. Other studies have also shown that synchronized binary systems with evolved components seem to keep more of their original lithium than the unsynchronized systems. evertheless, the connection between rotation and lithium abundance as well as the role of tidal effects on lithium dilution seem to be more complicated matters, depending on mass, metallicity and age. This work brings an unprecedented study about the behavior of lithium abundance in solartype evolved stars based on an unique sample of 1067 subgiant, giant and supergiant stars, 236 of them presenting spectroscopic binary characteristics, with precise lithium abundance and projected rotational speed. Now the lithium-rotation connection for single and binary evolved stars is analyzed taking into account the role of mass and stellar age

Determinação de CD, PB, e TL em água produzida por HR-CS GF AAS após extração em ponto nuvem

Produced water is a major problem associated with the crude oil extraction activity. The monitoring of the levels of metals in the waste is constant and requires the use of sensitive analytical techniques. However, the determination of trace elements can often require a pre-concentration step. The objective of this study was to develop a simple and rapid analytical method for the extraction and pre-concentration based on extraction phenomenon cloud point for the determination of Cd, Pb and Tl in produced water samples by spectrometry of high resolution Absorption source continues and atomization graphite furnace. The Box Behnken design was used to obtain the optimal condition of extraction of analytes. The factors were evaluated: concentration of complexing agent (o,o-dietilditilfosfato ammonium, DDTP), the concentration of hydrochloric acid and concentration of surfactant (Triton X -114). The optimal condition obtained through extraction was: 0,6% m v-1 DDTP, HCl 0,3 mol L-1 and 0,2% m v-1 of Triton X - 114 for Pb; 0,7% m v-1 DDTP, HCl 0,8 mol L-1 and 0,2% m v-1 Triton X-114 for Cd. For Tl was evidenced that best extraction condition occurs with no DDTP, the extraction conditions were HCl 1,0 mol L-1 e 1,0% m v-1 de Triton X - 114. The limits of detection for the proposed method were 0,005 µg L-1 , 0,03 µg L-1 and 0,09 µg L-1 to Cd, Pb and Tl, Respectively. Enrichment factors Were greater than 10 times. The method was applied to the water produced in the Potiguar basin, and addition and recovery tests were performed, and values were between 81% and 120%. The precision was expressed with relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 5%