Análise de agrupamentos dos dados de DFA oriundos de perfis elétricos de indução de poços de petróleo

The main objective of this study is to apply recently developed methods of physical-statistic to time series analysis, particularly in electrical induction s profiles of oil wells data, to study the petrophysical similarity of those wells in a spatial distribution. For this, we used the DFA method in order to know if we can or not use this technique to characterize spatially the fields. After obtain the DFA values for all wells, we applied clustering analysis. To do these tests we used the non-hierarchical method called K-means. Usually based on the Euclidean distance, the K-means consists in dividing the elements of a data matrix N in k groups, so that the similarities among elements belonging to different groups are the smallest possible. In order to test if a dataset generated by the K-means method or randomly generated datasets form spatial patterns, we created the parameter Ω (index of neighborhood). High values of Ω reveals more aggregated data and low values of Ω show scattered data or data without spatial correlation. Thus we concluded that data from the DFA of 54 wells are grouped and can be used to characterize spatial fields. Applying contour level technique we confirm the results obtained by the K-means, confirming that DFA is effective to perform spatial analysis

Estudo estatístico sobre eventos de precipitação intensa no nordeste do Brasil

The Northeast of Brazil (NEB) shows high climate variability, ranging from semiarid regions to a rainy regions. According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the NEB is highly susceptible to climate change, and also heavy rainfall events (HRE). However, few climatology studies about these episodes were performed, thus the objective main research is to compute the climatology and trend of the episodes number and the daily rainfall rate associated with HRE in the NEB and its climatologically homogeneous sub regions; relate them to the weak rainfall events and normal rainfall events. The daily rainfall data of the hydrometeorological network managed by the Agência Nacional de Águas, from 1972 to 2002. For selection of rainfall events used the technique of quantiles and the trend was identified using the Mann-Kendall test. The sub regions were obtained by cluster analysis, using as similarity measure the Euclidean distance and Ward agglomerative hierarchical method. The results show that the seasonality of the NEB is being intensified, i.e., the dry season is becoming drier and wet season getting wet. The El Niño and La Niña influence more on the amount of events regarding the intensity, but the sub-regions this influence is less noticeable. Using daily data reanalysis ERAInterim fields of anomalies of the composites of meteorological variables were calculated for the coast of the NEB, to characterize the synoptic environment. The Upper-level cyclonic vortex and the South atlantic convergene zone were identified as the main weather systems responsible for training of EPI on the coastland

Detecção e classificação de modos de operação do bombeio mecânico via cartas dinamométricas

The precision and the fast identification of abnormalities of bottom hole are essential to prevent damage and increase production in the oil industry. This work presents a study about a new automatic approach to the detection and the classification of operation mode in the Sucker-rod Pumping through dynamometric cards of bottom hole. The main idea is the recognition of the well production status through the image processing of the bottom s hole dynamometric card (Boundary Descriptors) and statistics and similarity mathematics tools, like Fourier Descriptor, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Euclidean Distance. In order to validate the proposal, the Sucker-Rod Pumping system real data are used

Fractais e Percolação na Recuperação de Petróleo

The complex behavior of a wide variety of phenomena that are of interest to physicists, chemists, and engineers has been quantitatively characterized by using the ideas of fractal and multifractal distributions, which correspond in a unique way to the geometrical shape and dynamical properties of the systems under study. In this thesis we present the Space of Fractals and the methods of Hausdorff-Besicovitch, box-counting and Scaling to calculate the fractal dimension of a set. In this Thesis we investigate also percolation phenomena in multifractal objects that are built in a simple way. The central object of our analysis is a multifractal object that we call Qmf . In these objects the multifractality comes directly from the geometric tiling. We identify some differences between percolation in the proposed multifractals and in a regular lattice. There are basically two sources of these differences. The first is related to the coordination number, c, which changes along the multifractal. The second comes from the way the weight of each cell in the multifractal affects the percolation cluster. We use many samples of finite size lattices and draw the histogram of percolating lattices against site occupation probability p. Depending on a parameter, ρ, characterizing the multifractal and the lattice size, L, the histogram can have two peaks. We observe that the probability of occupation at the percolation threshold, pc, for the multifractal is lower than that for the square lattice. We compute the fractal dimension of the percolating cluster and the critical exponent β. Despite the topological differences, we find that the percolation in a multifractal support is in the same universality class as standard percolation. The area and the number of neighbors of the blocks of Qmf show a non-trivial behavior. A general view of the object Qmf shows an anisotropy. The value of pc is a function of ρ which is related to its anisotropy. We investigate the relation between pc and the average number of neighbors of the blocks as well as the anisotropy of Qmf. In this Thesis we study likewise the distribution of shortest paths in percolation systems at the percolation threshold in two dimensions (2D). We study paths from one given point to multiple other points

Fractais e percolação na recuperação de Petróleo

The complex behavior of a wide variety of phenomena that are of interest to physicists, chemists, and engineers has been quantitatively characterized by using the ideas of fractal and multifractal distributions, which correspond in a unique way to the geometrical shape and dynamical properties of the systems under study. In this thesis we present the Space of Fractals and the methods of Hausdorff-Besicovitch, box-counting and Scaling to calculate the fractal dimension of a set. In this Thesis we investigate also percolation phenomena in multifractal objects that are built in a simple way. The central object of our analysis is a multifractal object that we call Qmf . In these objects the multifractality comes directly from the geometric tiling. We identify some differences between percolation in the proposed multifractals and in a regular lattice. There are basically two sources of these differences. The first is related to the coordination number, c, which changes along the multifractal. The second comes from the way the weight of each cell in the multifractal affects the percolation cluster. We use many samples of finite size lattices and draw the histogram of percolating lattices against site occupation probability p. Depending on a parameter, ρ, characterizing the multifractal and the lattice size, L, the histogram can have two peaks. We observe that the probability of occupation at the percolation threshold, pc, for the multifractal is lower than that for the square lattice. We compute the fractal dimension of the percolating cluster and the critical exponent β. Despite the topological differences, we find that the percolation in a multifractal support is in the same universality class as standard percolation. The area and the number of neighbors of the blocks of Qmf show a non-trivial behavior. A general view of the object Qmf shows an anisotropy. The value of pc is a function of ρ which is related to its anisotropy. We investigate the relation between pc and the average number of neighbors of the blocks as well as the anisotropy of Qmf. In this Thesis we study likewise the distribution of shortest paths in percolation systems at the percolation threshold in two dimensions (2D). We study paths from one given point to multiple other points. In oil recovery terminology, the given single point can be mapped to an injection well (injector) and the multiple other points to production wells (producers). In the previously standard case of one injection well and one production well separated by Euclidean distance r, the distribution of shortest paths l, P(l|r), shows a power-law behavior with exponent gl = 2.14 in 2D. Here we analyze the situation of one injector and an array A of producers. Symmetric arrays of producers lead to one peak in the distribution P(l|A), the probability that the shortest path between the injector and any of the producers is l, while the asymmetric configurations lead to several peaks in the distribution. We analyze configurations in which the injector is outside and inside the set of producers. The peak in P(l|A) for the symmetric arrays decays faster than for the standard case. For very long paths all the studied arrays exhibit a power-law behavior with exponent g ∼= gl.

Contribuição ao estudo de redes complexas: modelo de afinidade com métrica

Currently the interest in large-scale systems with a high degree of complexity has been much discussed in the scientific community in various areas of knowledge. As an example, the Internet, protein interaction, collaboration of film actors, among others. To better understand the behavior of interconnected systems, several models in the area of complex networks have been proposed. Barabási and Albert proposed a model in which the connection between the constituents of the system could dynamically and which favors older sites, reproducing a characteristic behavior in some real systems: connectivity distribution of scale invariant. However, this model neglects two factors, among others, observed in real systems: homophily and metrics. Given the importance of these two terms in the global behavior of networks, we propose in this dissertation study a dynamic model of preferential binding to three essential factors that are responsible for competition for links: (i) connectivity (the more connected sites are privileged in the choice of links) (ii) homophily (similar connections between sites are more attractive), (iii) metric (the link is favored by the proximity of the sites). Within this proposal, we analyze the behavior of the distribution of connectivity and dynamic evolution of the network are affected by the metric by A parameter that controls the importance of distance in the preferential binding) and homophily by (characteristic intrinsic site). We realized that the increased importance as the distance in the preferred connection, the connections between sites and become local connectivity distribution is characterized by a typical range. In parallel, we adjust the curves of connectivity distribution, for different values of A, the equation P(k) = P0e

Análise de agrupamentos dos dados de DFA oriundos de perfis elétricos de indução de poços de petróleo

The main objective of this study is to apply recently developed methods of physical-statistic to time series analysis, particularly in electrical induction s profiles of oil wells data, to study the petrophysical similarity of those wells in a spatial distribution. For this, we used the DFA method in order to know if we can or not use this technique to characterize spatially the fields. After obtain the DFA values for all wells, we applied clustering analysis. To do these tests we used the non-hierarchical method called K-means. Usually based on the Euclidean distance, the K-means consists in dividing the elements of a data matrix N in k groups, so that the similarities among elements belonging to different groups are the smallest possible. In order to test if a dataset generated by the K-means method or randomly generated datasets form spatial patterns, we created the parameter Ω (index of neighborhood). High values of Ω reveals more aggregated data and low values of Ω show scattered data or data without spatial correlation. Thus we concluded that data from the DFA of 54 wells are grouped and can be used to characterize spatial fields. Applying contour level technique we confirm the results obtained by the K-means, confirming that DFA is effective to perform spatial analysis

O processo de institucionalização do curso de administração a distância da UFRN

This work aims to describe how is occurring through the process of institutionalizing the Administration distance course of UFRN. To this end, structured into two parts: through research and analysis of content, sought to impound as if gave historic process of creation, as well as identify variables isomórficas, proposed by Powell and DiMaggio (1991), on the actions undertaken, and still present, institutional actors-having been found three typologies; then investigated the process itself, analyzing the factors of institutionalization suggested Esman (1966-1972), internal structure doctrine, leadership programme, resources, links and exchanges, from the political plan educational course. As the research methodology was defined as qualitative, even though I used survey to collect, reviewed the second ANOVA. The results found in this step pointed out that only the doctrine and internal structure variables are consistent with the assumptions of model; we found for other, discharged indicated a gap between the political acts contemplated in teaching and the actions taken so far, unfavourable element to its legitimacy. However, although the implications found in the analysis of these factors suggest that this course can derive one more discontinuous Government proposal of distance course, this study believes that are still reasonable assistance to facilitate and promote the process aimed at strengthening the progress achieved so far in the success of its institutionalization

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

Relações entre perfil de valores e perfil de uso da tecnologia: Um estudo com os docentes que atuam na modalidade presencial e/ou no ensino a distância

O advento das novas tecnologias e a dinamicidade das mudanças que estas provocam, impactam diretamente em vários aspectos da sociedade, dentre estes, na educação. Novas metodologias e mudanças no processo de ensino-aprendizagem tornam-se práticas cada vez mais frequentes neste campo. O elemento basilar desta nova constituição é o docente, capaz de transformar a utilização desses recursos em ferramentas que favoreçam o processo educativo. Essa readequação do comportamento exigida por essas constantes mudanças é orientada pelos valores pessoais dos sujeitos que vivenciam a situação. Os valores são idealizados como critérios que interferem diretamente nas atitudes, preferências e até mesmo no comportamento humano, influenciando no modo como o indivíduo interpreta as suas próprias atitudes e as dos outros, inclusive no âmbito profissional. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral da presente pesquisa é analisar as relações entre o perfil de uso da tecnologia e os valores dos docentes da UFRN Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, baseado na escala de valores de Schwartz. Para isso foram utilizados os tipos motivacionais que compõem a teoria de valores de Schwartz, através de questionário aplicado junto aos docentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de enfoque analítico quantitativo que utiliza um questionário da escala de valores desenvolvida por Schwartz et al. (2001) conhecida como PVQ (Portrait Values Questionnaire). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma amostra de 200 docentes entre atuantes da modalidade presencial e/ou na modalidade de ensino a distância. A estratégia de análise dos dados utilizou técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise de gráficos, análise das frequências relativas e a técnica estatística MANOVA (Análise Multivariada de Variância). Os resultados apontaram que os docentes utilizam moderadamente os recursos tecnológicos avaliados nesta pesquisa, como ferramenta de apoio pedagógico. Com relação ao perfil de valores, os docentes apresentaram prioridade entre os tipos motivacionais Autodeterminação, Benevolência e Universalismo, enquanto os menos priorizados foram os de Tradição, Realização e Poder, respectivamente. Contudo, não foram identificadas relações significativas entre o perfil de valores e o perfil de uso da tecnologia entre os docentes estudados nesta pesquisa

Imaginário radical e educação física: trajetória esportiva de corredores de longa distância

Cette étude propose une lecture du sport d endurance, prenant comme perspective théorique l imaginaire radical et considérant les dimensions socio-historiques e subjectives de la pratique de courses de longue distance. D abord, l échantillon la recherche a été composé de huit sujets-atlètes du groupe de courreurs de rue Sport Vida. Ainsi, em même temps que nous faisons une analyse socio-historique de cette pratique sportive, nous considérons l ensemble des aspects sócio-culturels et poursuivons la recherche avec comme objectif de comprendre les sens qui lui sont attribués par les sjuets-atlètes, au-delá de l aspect économique et de la consommation. Nous observons que, même si l altétismo qui est pratiqué a des aspects competitifs (economiques), les atlètes créent d autres sens pour continuer a pratiquer ce sport, comme les amitiés, être ensemble avec les amis. Ils rompent avec la logique déterministe du sport dépasser la limite du corps, vaincre à n importe quel prix, dépasser les collègues -, en cherchant des moments de solidarité, un sport sans violence et affectif. Nous percevons néanmoins des contradictions dans le discours de quelques atlètes quand confessent que le plus important est l amour du sport, les amitiés, mais réclament du manque de sponsorts et d appui pour pouvoir s entrainer tranquillement. Cette recherche a aussi montré que dans la pratique de ce sport, les atlètes construisent une obstination, sachant le sacrifice qu il impose au corps, mais cela se transforme en plaisir, excitation et recherche d émotions fortes. Valeurs éthiques sont aussi construites et valorisées dans l atlétisme, ce qui est observé lorsque que les sujets-atlètes critiquent avec véemence a propos de l usage de substances chimiques par les sportifs. En choisissant l imaginaire radical comme principale inspiration théorique pour cette recherche, il devient évident que le sport peut être ressignifié, à partir du moment que cet imaginaire est potencialisé dans l enseignement de l éducation physique, porvocant chez les élèves une réflexion critique sur la société et sur le sport, qui passe à être redimensionné vers la solidarité, avec démocratie et autonomie. Enfin, l étude a révélé que le sport d endurance est capable de créer des liens sociaux et structurer des relations à partir de cette pratique

Avaliação da aprendizagem no curso a distância de licenciatura em ciências biológicas da Universidade Estadual de Pernambuco

In contemporary society, distance education is expanding, especially in the offering of courses of initiatory professor training. By the side of possibilities, there is the need to critically reflect on the government decision to finance, and even to incite distance education, as a more economic way to achieve, within different time and space, the greatest quantity of the population, trying to fill the gaps of the Brazilian school education. The research was made in the Biology Bachelor Course offered by the Pernambuco University (UPE), in the context of the Presential Support Pole of the Paraiba State University, located in the city of Campina Grande. Along this study, we intend to analyze the evaluation practice and the instruments of valuation available in the virtual environment of learning (AVA), used by the former professors in the learning evaluation of the contents offered by the reference course. The relevance of the discussion is to reflect about the results of distance education in the initial of the professor training. To perceive the possibilities and limitations concerning the technological resources available at the educational process, especially to the evaluation practice, is primordial in order to comprehend the contents of learning that can be explored by the professors and which is the dialogical relation that is firmed between professor, preceptor and student, in favor of the learning development and an effective and meaningful education. The qualitative research had the symbolic interacionism as a methodological-theoretical approach. We gathered informations through institutional documents, documental records, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Treating and analyzing the data we used the content analysis method (Bardin, 1977). As a theoretical basis, we relied on authors such as Zabala (1998, 1999), Aretio (2002), Hoffmann (2003, 2005), Silva, M. (2003, 2006), Belloni (2006), Luckesi (2008), Silva, J. (2008), Vasconcelos (2008) and Domingos (2009). It was evident the need to reflect about the educational practice of the professors and preceptors responsible for the academic distance learning, concerning the evaluation of the learning contents in a autonomous and innovatory way, identifying its influence in the development of values which are considered vital to a complete professor upbringing. The evaluation in a mediator approach is necessary to the reality of an online classroom, because of its character to promote the improvement of the action of the one who is teaching and the one Who is learning in an interactive, collaborative and cooperative perspective, seeking a transformative praxis. Involved in this formation, the bachelors will be able to promote the development of capacities and skills necessary to the complete learning of theirs future students, certifying the education for life, which is a perspective that includes the knowing, the knowing how to do and how to be, a living being with sustainable relations with the others and with nature

Educação a distância e material didático: um estudo sobre o curso mídias na educação

The thesis Distance learning and didactic material: a study about the course Media in the education in Natal shows a research about the didactic material and its insertion in the distance training course to teachers. In this sense, this research aims to contribute to some universities with reflections about the way to elaborate the didactic material to the distance training course of teachers with the following specific objectives: a) identify some aspects in the didactic material in the extension course Media in the Education that difficult media usage by the teachers members of the course in the pedagogical practice; b) discuss about the way how didactic material to the distance training course to teachers has been created; c) stimulate teachers/members to integrate media in their teacher practice. For that reason, we have developed an action-research (THIOLLENT, 2011; FRANCO, 2005), based on it we elaborated a proposal do complement activities to the course Media in the Education that were applied to two classes during the fifth edition of this course. This research is presented in four steps: 1st) analyze of the course modules; 2nd) creation of a proposal to complement the activities; 3rd) applying the proposal to the students during the fifth edition to the course; 4th) analyze of forums and log books written by teachers/students. Data was analyzed by the contents perspective of Bardin (2011). As a theoretical support, we have Tardif (2012), about teachers knowledge; Dewey (1959; 2011) and Freire (2001; 2009; 2010a; 2010b; 2012) related to learning perspective; Candau (2002), Rays (2003) and Freire (2010a), about the relation theory x practice in the teacher training; Andrade (2003; 2009) and Belloni (2010) about distance teacher training; Bérvot; Belloni (2009), Neves; Medeiros (2005) and Prado (2005), related to Media integration. This research revealed the didactic material of the course Media in the Education has not a proposal to articulate theory and practice, due to this, this course opposed the Media integration. For that reason, teachers/members have real problems to integrate Media in their scholar routine. This research confirmed the way this didactic material was formulated did not help the teachers/students to integrate media in their pedagogical activities

Avaliação da Usabilidade de Interfaces Web segundo Critérios Ergonômicos de Bastien e Scapin: Pesquisa com os Ambientes Virtuais de Educação à Distância Aulanet, E-Proinfo e Teleduc

Este trabalho tem dois objetivos: avaliar a usabilidade de três interfaces de ambientes virtuais de educação à distância através de duas técnicas avaliativas e identificar os fatores influenciadores da percepção de usabilidade dos ambientes avaliados. Os sistemas de educação à distância escolhidos foram o AulaNet, o E-Proinfo e o Teleduc, por serem desenvolvidos no Brasil e terem distribuição gratuita. A avaliação da usabilidade foi realizada através de duas técnicas documentadas na literatura. A primeira técnica de avaliação, do tipo preditiva ou diagnóstica, foi realizada pelo autor e um concluinte do curso de Sistemas de Informação do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do estado do Piauí (CEFET-PI), mediante a observação de um checklist denominado Ergolist. A segunda avaliação, do tipo prospectivo, foi efetivada com o usuário sendo o próprio avaliador das interfaces, através de um questionário. A amostra foi composta de 15 professores e 15 alunos do CEFET-PI. Os resultados colhidos foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e testes de chi-quadrado. Os resultados mostraram que os ambientes apresentarem problemas de adaptabilidade, pois não possuem flexibilidade e nem levam em consideração a experiência do usuário. Na análise inferencial, foi constatado que o tempo de uso da Internet não afetou significativamente sua avaliação da usabilidade dos três ambientes, assim como na maior parte das variáveis de usabilidade não foram influenciadas pelo tipo de usuário , sexo e escolaridade . Por outro lado, em vários dos critérios ergonômicos avaliados, as variáveis de sistema tipo de ambiente e experiência com computador e a variável demográfica faixa etária afetaram a percepção de usabilidade dos ambientes virtuais de educação à distância

Uma análise exploratória da jornada flexível de trabalho sob a perspectiva de tutores na educação a distância

Information Age has been providing accelerated development of technologies in teaching, which is making the increase in distance courses and flexibility in the tutors everyday work. In this context, it was aimed to study the influence of flexible work in the development of activities and personal life of the tutors in Distance Education at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. More specifically, they have been sought to compare the types of flexibility detected, identifying the extent of the day's work in mentoring; investigating the relationship between flexible working time and productivity; evaluating the Quality of Working Life (QWL) and for Work and Family Relationship of the tutors. Thus, work is justified by the importance of academic and organizational achievement. To meet the goals, it was obtained a sample of 75 respondents (45.73% of the population). The data collection instrument was comprised of 48 variables mainly based by Walton (1975) and Paschoal, Tamayo and Barham (2002). The statistical techniques used were: analysis of frequency, ratio test, factor analysis and regression. The results collected have shown that the presence and distance tutors experience similar realities, but have different profiles; the day of their work is on average three hours daily; in view of the tutors, flexibility has a relation with the production, QWL work-family balance were evaluated in a satisfactory manner and the statistical techniques used have shown significant influence between the QWL and flexible working day. It is therefore concluded that flexibility at work can influence the development of activities and personal life of the tutors. Thus, the flexible working day may be used in a strategy way of routine in many organizations