Pedagogia etnomatemática : ações e reflexões em matemática do Ensino Fundamental com um grupo sócio cultural específico

mongst the trends in Mathematics Education, which have as their object a more significant and criticallearning, is the Ethnomathematics. This field of knowledge, still very recent amongst us, besides analyzing an externalist history of the sciences in a search for a relationship between the development of the scientific disciplines and the socio-cultural context, goes beyond this externalism, for it also approaches the intimate relationships betwe_n cognition and culture. In fact, the Ethnomathematics proposes an alternative epistemological approach associated with a wider historiography. It struggles to understand the reality and come to the pedagogical action by means of a cognitive approach with strong cultural basis. But the difficulty of inserting the Ethnomathematics into the educational context is met by resistance from some mathematics educators who seem indifferent to the influence of the culture on the understanding of the mathematics ideas. It was with such concerns in mind that I started this paper that had as object to develop a curricular reorientation pedagogical proposal in mathematics education, at the levei of the 5th grade of the Ensino Fundamental (Elementary School), built from the mathematical knowledge of a vegetable farmers community, 30 km away from the center of Natal/RN, but in accordance with the teaching dimensions of mathematics of the 1 st and 2nd cycles proposed by the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN: Numbers and Operations, Space and Form, Units and Measures, and Information Treatment. To achieve that, I developed pedagogical activities from the mathematical concepts of the vegetable farmers of that community, explained in my dissertation research in the period 2000 through 2002. The pedagogical process was developed from August through Oecember 2007 with 24 students of the 5th Grade of the Ensino Fundamental (Elementary School) of the school of that community. The qualitative analysis of the data was conducted taking into account three categories of students: one made up of students that helped their parents in the work with vegetables. Another one by students whose parents and relatives worked with vegetables, though they did not participate directly of this working process and one third category of students that never worked with vegetables, not to mention their parents, but lived adjacent to that community. From the analyses and results of the data gathered by these three distinct categories of students, I concluded that those students that assisted their parents with the daily work with vegetables solved the problem-situations with understanding, and, sometimes, with enriching contributions to the proposed problems. The other categories of students, in spite of the various field researches to the gardens of that community, before and during the pedagogical activities, did not show the same results as those students/vegetable farmers, but showed interest and motivation in ali activities of the pedagogical process in that period

Os significados do tabagismo construídos na dinâmica social

The present study has the purpose of catching the significances of smoking in the social dinamics based on the Theory of Social Representations. It was developed among adults with ages from 20 to 59 years, low social and economic conditions, at Natal RN, Brazil. The Free-words Association Test was applied as the instrument of data collection and a semi-structured interview with the smokers and non-smokers, besides a structured interview with smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers. All data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics using the Analysis of Content Technique of the thematic kind and by the softwares ALCESTE and EVOC 2000. Elaborations about smoking were marked by social, cultural and historical dimension, however they showed sensibility to changes and revealed positive and negative aspects of the habit. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews showed the following categories and under-categories respectively: Initiation of the habit (Friends and Family and Appreciation and Beauty); Psychosocial Implications of smoking (Personal relationship, Work and Financial); Behavior when facing smoking (Positive, Negative and Neutral); Smoking Effects (Smokers´ health and the other people health); Description about oral diseases ( Bad breath, Oral cancer and Dental problems); Smoking treatment (Physician and psychological, Supernatural and Difficulties). ALCESTE analysis presented 4 classes: Ambivalence between pleasure and get ill, Smoking as a trouble and danger to society, Social discrimination of smokers and Mouth as a place of reaffirmation of the discrimination. Those helped us to understand the psychosocial repercussion of the habit. On the social representation structure we identified as a probable central nucleus of the smoker group the categories Pleasure and Bad to the health and as peripheral elements Alcoholic Drink, Financial damage and Nervousness. For the non-smoker group the category Bad to the health comes first and Stop Smoking comes as a peripheral element. Finally, we hope that the knowledge of these representations can contribute to plan and/or to rethink over the professional practices and public policies related to smoking. Besides that, for an amplified comprehension of the study object the discussions over the identified representations should be deepen and amplified to other population and social groups

Reflexões sobre a formação clínica fenomenológico-existencial na era da técnica

Phenomenology is the focus of this study for its critique of the limits of positivist science, which guides most of the fields of study including Psychology. The clinical formation process in Psychology courses is especially difficult for students-interns who adopt phenomenology as their clinical framework. Such difficulty is due to the incompatibility between theory provided in Psychology courses a science traditionally based on paradigms of scientism , and the theoretical-methodological proposal adopted by the aforementioned approach. As a backdrop for our study, we carefully examined the thought of philosopher Martin Heidegger, especially the Era of Technique. This contemporary technicism society was studied so that we could understand the socio-cultural status where this formation lies. Thus, we questioned if this panorama upon which Clinical Psychology rests favors the development of a phenomenological attitude and a special look at the meanings of existence, as defined in phenomenological clinical practice. Knowing such limits, our research aimed at understanding the experience of formation of clinical psychologists who take part in internships in the field of phenomenology-existentialism. Such study was, then, a phenomenological-hermeneutic research based on Heideggerian ontology and used a semi-structured interview as access tool. Six students of the UFRN higher-degree Psychology course who were doing their supervised internship in clinical psychology and the referred approach took part in this research. The research revealed that the phenomenological-existential formation phase opens a door to discoveries on the part of the intern that transcend the dimension of the other, for they show a self disclosure while a person in the word. Despite the initial discomforts caused by the course curriculum itself and by the freedom for clinical practice, so characteristic of phenomenology, the narratives demonstrate that such difficulties may start a process of search for new meanings, which show a search for sharpening their practices and for a path in balance with the existence of the other

A cultura de índio, seu menino, vem de longe aqui : formação histórica e territorialização dos Tremembé/CE

This dissertation is based on the ethnography of a strategic selection of three Tremembé ethnic situations, which are situated in the backlands of Acaraú and Itarema, municipalities located in Ceará State (Northeast Brazil). My main aims are the following. Firstly, I reconstitute the historical and social formation of three localities, called Lagoa dos Negros, Telhas, and Queimadas, related to a particular origin myth which refers to Almofala, an extinct colonial Aldeamento in the seashore, where the Tremembé indians and other native populations were converted and gathered under missionary administration. According to the origin myth, these three localities were set up after a strong drought which happened in 1888 (the so called three eights) when a group of Tremembé families moved to the countryside and established close to the Lagoa dos Negros and, later on, they were segmented into smaller groups which started to live in other areas and places not far from the former location. Notably, I develop an anthropological approach to understand the historical formation of these three localities. Secondly, I analyze some processes of territorialization, which were emerged from the 1980s and had important consequences to these indigenous families throughout the next two decades. This historical dimension is re-appropriated and ressignified in ethnic terms. A third point of my work is the analysis of the construction of territorialities and also the cultural and symbolic dimensions which are formulated by the Tremembé Indians who live in these localities. Therefore, I investigate some cultural traditions and rituals, such as the Torém dance, but I also examine their multiple semantics, which constitute a transversal direction throughout the history understood by the Tremembé of the different social situations I researched. To sum up, there is a process of cultural actualization, which is still going on and presents itself through the ludic sphere as well as their political and religions dimensions, which are usually associated to the ritual presentation of the Torém

A arte de conduzir-se pelo ensino de teatro: realidades e ficções de alunos-diretores em Camarão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Estudo psicossocial das perdas dentárias na terceira idade

The present study seeks to understand tooth loss by investigating the social representations in the daily life of elderly individuals, thus characterizing itself as a comparative and analytic research. It is known that tooth loss is a common occurrence in elderly individuals, interfering at the psychosocial and biological levels, through its functional, esthetical and social implications. The area of oral health in Brazil is lacking studies on this topic, especially with respect to the psychosocial aspects of the elderly. The Theory of Social Representations and the Central Nucleus Theory were selected for theoretical-methodological support. The Free Association of Words Test was used, whose inducing stimulus were the words tooth loss , in which each subject was asked to associate 3 words, to respond to a questionnaire related to socio-economic conditions and containing an investigation of tooth loss, access to odontological services and the need for dental treatment, and to undergo a focus group interview. The study sample consisted of 120 individuals 60 years of age or over, resident in Natal, RN, Brazil and participants of the Live Together to Live Better group of the Basic Health Unit of Felipe Camarão Residential District and Unati (Open University of the Elderly); an interview was performed with 36 subjects. Data analysis was performed by Evoc 2000, SPSS/99, Graph Pad and Alceste softwares. The results demonstrate that the central nucleus of the social representations of tooth loss for the Live Together group emerged from the difficulty in eating categories, showing a relation between physiologic necessity, desire and pleasure from eating, not to mention the pain that resulted from justifying the tooth loss. Besides the central discourses, the following peripheral elements were gathered: difficulty in adapting to the prosthesis, treatment and difficulty in speaking. All of these categories, except the last, also comprised the class themes of the group interview. For the Unati group the central nucleus emerged from the socio-economic difficulties categories, demonstrating a narrow relation between poverty, access to health and education and esthetics, confirming in the discourse of common sense, the association between tooth loss and aging. At the margin of the central discourses was collected the peripheral element difficulty in adapting to the prosthesis, found both in the Live Together and Unati groups, which expresses the resistance of the subject to this new situation and the failure of the rehabilitation treatment in the sense of reviving the memory of their natural teeth. All of these categories also constitute the class themes of the of the group interview. Thus, through the study of the social representations, we can reveal a reality in the perspective of the social subjects, contemplating the multiple facets of the social-cultural reality experienced by these individuals

Museu vivo : uma análise do Museu Câmara Cascudo

This work was developed from the research field in the Museu Câmara Cascudo (MCC) and the theoretical research in Museum Studies, enlarging the idea of museum while ambience of culture. We believe that the MCC, located in the city of Natal RN, is a relevant sociocultural institution because it is a university museum, because it was created two years after the foundation of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, and because it develops researches and studies about man on his physical and cultural aspects. Thus, this work is made up by a reflection on the transient and mobile aspect of culture living culture to understand the role of the museum in contemporary society. The MCC analysis, including its history, its functioning, its main activities, and its expositions, illustrates one part of our investigation. The other part is composed by theoretical consideration made from the reading of authors such as Bauman, Lévi-Strauss, Morin, Kristeva, Foucault, Le Goff, among others

Dos atos confessos aos afetos não-ditos: Um olhar sob as múltiplas experiências femininas a partir da análise dos discursos jurídicos, jornalísticos e orais

Women, subjectiveness, experimentations. This paper walks through gender, sexuality, body and subjectivity, bounding as the focus denaturalize the representations of womanlinessstaff and manliness and the modeled subjectivity by normative discusses that shows the transcendency based on multiplicities of experiences, wishes and life way wattled by men and women from the Caicó City s society in the decades from 1900 to 1945. For this, it was adopted a dialogic methodology inlcluding bibliographic and theorist references as well as sources like articles from Jornal das Moças (Lady s Journal); defloration s crime processes, abortion, infanticide and body lesions; iconographic sources and Caicó citizen memories in the period commented. Based on that sources, this work analyze the discursive construction of feminine through Justice and Jornal das Moças that paved by sanitarian, normalizing and moralizing discourses has spread clichés and stereotypes of womanlinessstaff and manliness, which has resulted by to universalize the experiences feminines in polarities and binary oppositions regarding to manliness, it has delineated them as asexual, irrational, anesthesiaed for pleasure and biologically meant to home activities modeling subjectivities that did not create ways for the singularization processes. This polarities, effects of sexual regulatory practices and gender legitimate the representations of courtship, maternity and honor, that although it has been incorporated not passivant on the building of the poor men and women subjectivity, it did not support itself in view of socio-cultural and economic reality of the poorest society side. Therefore, on this work emerge a plurality of women who has transited past the public sphere, who interlaced amorous informal relationships, who has kept relationships before the marriage, who hás established multiples familiar arrangements and helpful networks, who was single mothers without being considered dishonored women by social groups, who made matrimonial agreements without the rules of a formal civil marriage, who made use of beverageey to provoke the menstruation constituting multiples ways to experiment the life. This subjective feminine experimentations turned it possible to notice that representations concerning about the body, sexuality, date, maternity and honor of this women has constituted itself while molecularies and particulares . It was the affection not commented of the feminine sexuality that turned it possible to analyze the construction of singular subjectivities as a opened process, continuous, active, begetting new lands, life ways and wishes cartographies

OBALUAIÊ: um estudo sobre o estigma no convívio com o HIV/Aids em terreiros de Umbanda na cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará

The tradition and living in African-Brazilian religious spaces, called yards, reveal how dynamic the reproduction and exchange of knowledge are, and that through their worldview, reveal ways of dealing with health and disease. The yards are culturally rich territories, in which people shape concepts, practices, and beliefs about health, disease and forms of healing, passed on from generation to generation through oral tradition. With the advent of HIV/AIDS from the 80s, a new challenge is established in the community of the yards and in the individual trajectories of people affected by the disease, who since an early age participate in this religious practice. The objective of this research is the analysis on the stigma in living with HIV/AIDS in yards of Umbanda in Fortaleza-Ceará, considering the (re)production of social dramas experienced by the community in question. During the investigation we adopted two basic parameters: the first one considers the understanding of the reproduction of stigma (or deteriorated identity) in relation to HIV/AIDS in its socio-historical dimension and its effects in the investigated context (Goffman, 1988). And the second one refers to the creation and reproduction of social dramas as a social experience carried through learning, handling and symbolic performance, which is reproduced in four stages: rupture, crisis, corrective action and reintegration (Turner, 1971)

Teorias implícitas dsos estudantes de Pedagogia sobre a docência nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Esta tesis (desarrollada en la Base de Pesquisa, Formação e Profissionalização Docente da UFRN) concentra su ámbito de interés en el problema de la formación, de la profesionalización del pensamiento del profesor, buscando investigar las Teorías Implícitas de los estudiantes del Curso de Pedagogía sobre la docencia en los años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental. La emergente necesidad de términos acceso a las Teorías Implícitas de estudiantes de Pedagogía (futuros profesores) sobre la docencia en los años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental, a través de un instrumento de pesquisa que posibilite su aplicación en varios contextos formativos para contribuir con su proceso de profesionalización docente, constituye el problema analizado. La pesquisa tiene como objetivo elaborar un instrumento investigativo para estudiar las Teorías Implícitas de los profesores sobre la docencia en los años iniciales de la Enseñaza Fundamental. La complejidad del estudio nos ha llevado a integrar diferentes procedimientos metodológicos, según orientación del paradigma sociocultural, tales como: estudios exploratorios, a través de la revisión bibliográfica de la literatura especializada y técnica de trabajo creativo en grupo; técnicas normativas y psicométricas. A través de los estudios exploratorios identificamos y configuramos tres teorías profesionales de la docencia en los años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental, las cuales presentan una importante relación con el Estado: la docencia como actividad laica, la docencia como actividad técnica y la docencia como actividad profesional. Para la configuración de la teorías, definimos siete subdominios estructurales de la docencia: función docente, concepción de aluno, contenidos de enseñanza, gestión de aula de clase, proceso formativo, condiciones de trabajo y naturaleza del grupo profesional. El cuestionario normativo ha sido el instrumento orientado para investigar las representaciones de los estudiantes a nivel de conocimientos establecidos y reglamentados por la cultura, como condición básica para investigar sus Teorías Implícitas sobre a docencia. El estudio ha constatado que los subdominios determinados para la comprensión del objeto de estudio están presentes, de manera reincidente, en la literatura especializada como los son representativos en las identificaciones de los estudiantes investigados. Hemos concluido que las teorías configuradas para caracterizar la profesión docente en los años iniciales de la Enseñanza Fundamental hacen parte de la estructura de conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre la docencia, aunque los enunciados de las teorías, como actividad laica y como actividad técnica, no presente índice de tipicidad y de polaridad muy significativo cuanto aquellos relativos a la teoría de la docencia como actividad profesional. Las Teorías Implícitas de los estudiantes enseñan que ellos comparten elementos o rasgos de todas las teorías de la docencia, aunque se revelen más predispuestos a la docencia como actividad profesional. El estudio orienta la aplicación del cuestionario reglamentado a un grupo de profesores actuantes en el nivel de enseñanza en cuestión, para que averigüemos si los enunciados que hacen parte de la estructura de conocimientos de los profesores son los mismos que componen la estructura de conocimiento de los estudiantes, de modo a fortalecer la validación de nuestro instrumento de pesquisa

Ginástica e ética na escola: Apontamentos para compreender a convivênca humana.

The daily teaching invokes us to answer questions that surround the educational action, they are ethic and political exercises of us teachers, considering the responsibility that is presented to us in circumstance of perspective that we create as for our students´ formation. Considering the public school Terezinha Paulino as stage of the daily teaching which we invested, and finally, the school gymnastic group (GGTP), as pedagogical practice specifically attended during this study, we launch the following questions: 1. What are the ethic indicators present in the experience lived by GGTP members? 2. What s the meaning of these indicators for the GGTP members? 3. Do these meanings configure a socio-political dimension of the individuals involved formation ? What socio-political dimension is that? And What is its contribution to think of Physical Education in school? From these issues, we highlight our goals in this research: investigate the educational experience lived in GGTP, with a focus on the ethical elements that characterize and reflect the relationship of these elements in the socio-political dimension of Physical Education in school. To answer the initial questions and achieve our goals, we use the Content Analysis (BARDIN, 2004) as a methodological contribution of this research. From this methodological contribution we got two strands of the discussion here related: relational behavior of living and undesirable relational conduct and non-social. typical examples of good living are: union, cooperation, solidarity, fraternity, conversation, dialogue, love, trust, responsibility, commitment, dedication, application, respect, partition, sharing, gratitude, companionship, kindness Correspond to undesirable behaviors conduct: intrigue, strife (dispute), vanity, arrogance, anger, rage, fury, nervousness, anxiety and fear. Permeates the categories discussion, The group of knowledge produced by different authors, Humberto Maturana predominate among them, sometimes related to some of its main partners, , José Varela, Gerda Verden-Zöller and Sima Nisis de Rezepka. Although less frequent, we broach other authors, including Edgar Morin and Paulo Freire, to enlarge, articulate, and thus contribute to support the notes, contents of this study. Besides the introductory chapter, is the content of this dissertation: ethics: textual understanding, the methodological way; relational behaviors of living; undesirable conduct relational and non-social; gymnastics as an ethical and political bet on training human. In ethics: textual understandings, we make a brief introduction to distinguish the ethical field which we are advancing; In the methodology way, we briefly describe the implementation of the analysis content (BARDIN,2007); in relational behaviors of living, as well as, in undesirable relational conduct and non-social, we point out the meanings discussing them supported on theoretical contribution of this research. Finally, in gymnastics as an ethical and political bet on training human, we point out some possibilities for the gymnastic practice and physical education at school, as well as to think about education by training human bias.

O ato pedagógico como ato gnosiológico em Paulo Freire ensinar como uma aventura criadora

La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objeto de estudio la visión epistemológica de Paulo Freire y como punto central su comprensión del acto pedagógico como un acto gnoseológico e sus consecuencias para la praxis docente. La tesis original afirma, que en la obra de Freire hay una comprensión sobre el conocimiento ubicando el acto pedagógico como una situación gnoseológica, comprensión esta, indispensable a una praxis educacional libertadora. Para identificar esa comprensión, la presente investigación de carácter bibliográfica y cualitativa fue realizada a partir de indicaciones del propio Paulo Freire sobre el acto de leer/estudiar y del abordaje hermenéutico de Hans-Georg Gadamer, utilizando el diálogo con los textos del autor, buscando los sentidos capaces de responder a las cuestiones desarrolladas en la tesis. El trabajo presenta, además de una pre-comprensión del tema, los resultados de los ejercicios dialógicos mantenidos con los textos de Freire sobre el conocimiento y la educación como situación gnoseológica. Oportunamente fueron construidos mapas conceptuales de los hallados de la autora, para una mejor visualización espacial del lector, así como de los diálogos con tres estudiosos del pensamiento de Paulo Freire. El pensamiento de Freire sobre el conocimiento y la educación como situación gnoseológica abarca las siguientes dimensiones, aparte de la dimensión epistemológica propiamente dicha: dimensión históricofilosófica; dimensión político-ideológica; dimensión comunicativa y dialógica; dimensión ética y estética; dimensión pedagógico-cultural; y dimensión institucional y de gestión. La comprensión por el educador de esas dimensiones bien como sobre el Ciclo de Enseñar y Aprender pueden contribuir de modo significativo para una praxis docente capaz de recorrer el camino del diálogo problematizador, aquel que puede tornar el acto pedagógico un acto verdaderamente gnoseológico, capaz de auxiliar hombres y mujeres en su proceso de humanización

Qualidade de vida na perspectiva de idosos institucionalizados no Município de Natal - RN

A descriptive and exploratory Study, quantitative in nature, with the aim to assess the Quality of Life (QL) of the elderly leaving in a Long Residence Institution (LRI) according to their own perception. It was conducted in six Public Institutions of Long Residence for Seniors, in the municipality of Natal - RN, in the period of July to August 2007. The data was collected using two structured interview forms: the first, containing questions about socio-demographic aspects and the second - the WHOQUOL-OLD, prepared by the World Health Organization to assess elderly s quality of life. The reference population was 266 old persons, and a random sample, of 43, being 28 women and 15 men, who account for 30%. The results indicated there is a predominance of older women (65.1%) and the average age is 76.6 years; the predominant religion is the Catholic - 44.2% and, 32.6% are unmarried without children. As for schooling and precedence, 41.9% are illiterate and 67.4% come from the rural area. The time of residency in the institution goes between 1 to 5 years for 69.8% of the elderly, 37.2% of them residing in the institution for not having another option. Most elderly informed using medicines. 51.3% said they are taking anti-hypertensive. As for the other aspects of QL: sensory aspects, autonomy, past, present and future activities, social participation, death and dying and intimacy, the WHOQOL-OLD, showed an average total score of 52.9% (scale of 0 to 100), with a tendency to neutrality, denoting that the elderly, in this study, evaluated their QL as neither satisfactory or unsatisfactory. Of all the facets of the instrument of QL, the sensory facet secured the highest average scores (68,1%), showing that the elderly are "happy" in the situation in which they find themselves, not showing significant disabilities. The facet of autonomy, which refers to the independence and the ability to make decisions on their own life, received the lowest average scores (40.7%), showing the dissatisfaction of the elderly on this aspect. The evaluation of the elderly on other facets were: social participation (48.2%); activities past, present and future (44.6%) and intimacy (50.6%), all perceived as neither unsatisfactory or satisfactory. On the item death and dying, the elderly people declared themselves satisfied, with average score of 65.5%. The analysis of the reliability of the WHOQOL-OLD by the Cronbach Alpha showed 0.57, considering the 24 items that cover the instrument, showing regular internal reliability of the instrument, in our reality. The result is probably due to differences between the regions south and east and the broader sociocultural diversity. We believe that the elderly in this study, tended to realize their QL as neutral, considering it as neither unsatisfactory or satisfactory, result likely related to the resignation with the destine, characterized, at the time, by the finitude of life, feeling very common among elderly, or perhaps, even for an accommodation, often accompanied by discouragement, present in the daily life of many of them

Clima organizacional e satisfação laboral: um estudo sobre os núcleos hospitalares de epidemiologia de Natal/RN

The Hospital Epidemiology Nucleus (NHE) is a structure that has a specific organizational climate, which influence the level of job satisfaction among professionals working in it. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, aimed to identify the relationship between organizational climate in the NHE regulated in the city of Natal / RN and the job satisfaction among its professionals from the perspective of theoretical issues about Organizational Development. The research was carried out in 13 hospitals with different kinds of sponsorship, 9 public, 3 philanthropic and 1 private. Data were collected using the instrument "organization in hospitals: issues relating to climate and job satisfaction , with 33 professionals appointed and active on NHE. This study obtained an appropriate consent of the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Pediatrics Professor Heriberto Ferreira Bezerra, from the Riograndense Northern League Against Cancer and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Data collected were organized and treated with simple descriptive statistics. It was observed that from 33 of surveyed people, 93% was female, had an average of 40 years old age, with activity duration between 1 and 2 years (84.9%). Furthermore, 45.5% of industry professionals were nurses. It was identified that professionals working in NHE perceive and experience its work environment as an Organization Structure in construction. It was found that with the exception of the aspects "working life", "socio-cultural" and "organizational culture , the other internal and external factors to the NHE does not have strong expression in the forming of an organizational climate conducive to the development of the sector. It was found that 70% of interviewed perceive the organizational climate as favorable for the industry's progress. Regarding the job level of satisfaction, respondents feel fairly satisfied with the organizational structure. Therefore, the results of this study are suggestive that there is some factor that is greatly contributing to a healthy organizational climate that encourages the industry team members of the NHE present behaviors that identify them as actors committed and satisfied with the work, even face of all obstacles to implementation of epidemiological surveillance. Thus, it is suggested for futures studies to seek to determine how the organizational culture, while significant internal factor, influencing the organizational climate establishment of NHE and therefore the level of job satisfaction and well-being of each members of the team

Análise dos conteúdos termodinâmicos em livros de Química e Física do ensino médio

PNLEM came out in 2004 and modified the view about schoolbook in Brazil. New perspectives pointed towards constitution of a more critical citizen as of an interdisciplinary and more contextualized teaching, made schoolbook understand these changes.But not always these alterations are checked up on by all means,because what we notice are adaptation of works have already known on market, where texts that are placed reveal environmental, socioeconomic, historical facts or daily phenomenon, or then scientific relevancy examples.We thus offer to analyse contents of chemical thermodynamics and physics for high school which are shown on schoolbook of chemistry and physics validated by PNLEM 2012, now called PNLD, studying the facts if these works bring these scientific sociocultural standpoint as well as their historical context,considering as analysis categories the following criteria: presentation of introduction, content contextualizing,presentation of concepts, thermodynamics historical context, representation in microscopic level and proposal of experiments.Eleven books were analysed,being five of chemistry and six of physics.So was applied a questionnaire with physics and chemistry teachers of high school to have an impression of their opinion about their teaching strategies and about schoolbook.This work grounded in orientations of legal documents about high school in Brazil (LDB,PCN,PCN+,OCEM) and in research on science teaching that regards specifically schoolbook and physics and chemical thermodynamics teaching.Were eleven books in number, only four denoted much coherence with new perspectives for high school, being two of chemistry and two of physics,whose concern about contextualizing and with a much integrated view of science to student s reality,indicating much social and critical character.The rest, when don t overlook,regard cultural and historical,socioeconomic contexts in isolated manner from presented concepts,aside from content