Determinantes socioecon��micos e ambientais do decl��nio das hospitaliza����es por diarr��ias em lactentes no Rio Grande do Norte - 1992 a 2001

There was a significant decline in hospitalizations for acute diarrhea in children younger than 1 year of age in Brazil between 1992 to 2001. The less economically developed state of Rio Grande do Norte is a case example of the national trend. In this work, we show a significant association between improvements in socioeconomic variables as well as increased access to sanitation and the decreased rate of hospitalization. Additionally, we observed a positive, seasonal correlation between rainfall and hospitalizations. Most notably, however, we show that improvements in income and inflation were positively correlated with a decline in hospitalizations. Improvements in public health infrastructure, socioeconomic variables like education and literacy, and increased investment in health services were important in reducing severe early childhood diarrheas. However, the data suggests that increased buying power and reductions in poverty played an equally crucial role in reducing hospitalizations for acute diarrhea in infants in Brazil. The work includes elements of the demography of the period for the age groups involved, children under one year, women in fertile age and fertility rate

Estimativas de mortalidade para a regi��o nordeste do Brasil em 2010: uma associa����o do m��todo demogr��fico equa����o geral de balanceamento, com o estimador bayesiano emp��rico

One of the greatest challenges of demography, nowadays, is to obtain estimates of mortality, in a consistent manner, mainly in small areas. The lack of this information, hinders public health actions and leads to impairment of quality of classification of deaths, generating concern on the part of demographers and epidemiologists in obtaining reliable statistics of mortality in the country. In this context, the objective of this work is to obtain estimates of deaths adjustment factors for correction of adult mortality, by States, meso-regions and age groups in the northeastern region, in 2010. The proposal is based on two lines of observation: a demographic one and a statistical one, considering also two areas of coverage in the States of the Northeast region, the meso-regions, as larger areas and counties, as small areas. The methodological principle is to use the General Equation and Balancing demographic method or General Growth Balance to correct the observed deaths, in larger areas (meso-regions) of the states, since they are less prone to breakage of methodological assumptions. In the sequence, it will be applied the statistical empirical Bayesian estimator method, considering as sum of deaths in the meso-regions, the death value corrected by the demographic method, and as reference of observation of smaller area, the observed deaths in small areas (counties). As results of this combination, a smoothing effect on the degree of coverage of deaths is obtained, due to the association with the empirical Bayesian Estimator, and the possibility of evaluating the degree of coverage of deaths by age groups at counties, meso-regions and states levels, with the advantage of estimete adjustment factors, according to the desired level of aggregation. The results grouped by State, point to a significant improvement of the degree of coverage of deaths, according to the combination of the methods with values above 80%. Alagoas (0.88), Bahia (0.90), Cear�� (0.90), Maranh��o (0.84), Para��ba (0.88), Pernambuco (0.93), Piau�� (0.85), Rio Grande do Norte (0.89) and Sergipe (0.92). Advances in the control of the registry information in the health system, linked to improvements in socioeconomic conditions and urbanization of the counties, in the last decade, provided a better quality of information registry of deaths in small areas

Registro da informa����o sobre nascidos vivos no nordeste: uma avalia����o da evolu����o do SINASC entre 2000 e 2010

Os nascimentos ocorridos em uma popula����o consistem em informa����o de grande valia para diversos estudos e planejamento de pol��ticas p��blicas. O Sistema de informa����es sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) representa uma promissora fonte de informa����o sobre o tema, uma vez que coleta continuamente e no ��mbito municipal, dados sobre nascimentos. Tendo em vista a necessidade de avalia����o cont��nua do SINASC e o panorama do decl��nio da fecundidade no Nordeste, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade das informa����es provenientes do SINASC para o Nordeste, estados e microrregi��es, nos anos 2000 e 2010, utilizando o Censo Demogr��fico como informa����o de refer��ncia, avaliando a cobertura do SINASC e identificando n��veis e padr��es de fecundidade. Pretendeu-se ainda verificar a rela����o entre os n��veis de fecundidade, o grau de cobertura do SINASC e as condi����es socioecon��micas das microrregi��es sintetizadas pelo ��ndice Social de Desenvolvimento Municipal (ISDM), utilizando-se a an��lise de cluster, associada �� an��lise de vari��ncia (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. Por ��ltimo, analisou-se a incompletude no preenchimento dos campos da Declara����o de Nascido Vivo (DNV). De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que houve amplia����o da qualidade das informa����es do SINASC no per��odo estudado, resultando em uma maior aproxima����o das TFTs oriundas das duas fontes de dados consideradas no estudo. Maranh��o e Para��ba foram os estados com maiores ganhos em cobertura das TFTs no per��odo, e os estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe revelaram um grau de cobertura ligeiramente inferior em 2010 frente aos resultados de 2000, bem como ainda persistem v��rias microrregi��es com TFTs oriundas do SINASC bem abaixo daquelas estimadas pelo Censo. Na verifica����o da associa����o entre o ISDM, TFTs e cobertura, a an��lise de cluster resultou em tr��s agrupamentos, GrISDM A com melhores coberturas, ISDM e mais baixas TFT; GrISDM B , intermedi��rio e GrISDM C com piores coberturas, ISDM e TFT mais altas. Notou-se a evolu����o das condi����es socioecon��micas no Nordeste, tendo o GrISDM A passado de 8% do total de microrregi��es em 2000 para 37% em 2010. Reiterou-se ainda que quanto melhores as condi����es socioecon��micas de uma popula����o, menores s��o as TFTs e melhores as coberturas do SINASC. A an��lise de vari��ncia apontou intera����es significativas entre o ano estudado versus ISDM (p-valor < 0,016) e o ano versus fonte de informa����o (p-valor < 0,020), e o teste Tukey apontou que n��o houve similaridade entre as m��dias das TFT das fontes Censo versus SINASC no per��odo, fato que aponta para a capta����o ainda deficiente do SINASC nas microrregi��es. O resultado da an��lise de vari��ncia da cobertura do SINASC em rela����o ao Censo apresentou uma intera����o significativa entre as vari��veis UF versus Ano (p-valor < 0,0001), causada pelos estados que apresentaram queda de cobertura entre 2000 e 2010. Quanto �� incompletude dos itens da DNV, evidenciou-se uma melhor coleta no per��odo, embora alguns itens ainda care��am de aten����o, como o apgar no 1�� e 5�� minuto e ocupa����o da m��e, sendo esta a que apresenta maiores percentuais de informa����es ignoradas. Destaca-se a possibilidade de preenchimento inconsistente nas vari��veis referentes ao hist��rico de gesta����es anteriores, com o uso da informa����o zero inserida no lugar da informa����o ignorado . Concluiu-se que o SINASC �� uma importante base de dados sobre nascimentos e que disp��e de dados confi��veis para o acompanhamento dos nascimentos e de seu panorama epidemiol��gico no Nordeste brasileiro, embora para alguns estados, assim como para algumas microrregi��es, ainda faz-se necess��ria a amplia����o da cobertura do Sistema. As informa����es constantes na DNV podem servir como embasamento para diversos estudos sobre as condi����es epidemiol��gicas dos nascituros e das suas m��es, e dos indicadores baseados as informa����es dos nascimentos

Fam��lia, aluno e professor: as for��as tipol��gicas da educa����o b��sica na regi��o metropolitana de Natal

This work was developed in the research line: "The habitus of study: builder of a new reality in the basic education of metropolitan area Natal" which is being developed with the support of CAPES by the Centre for Education. Acts, especially the problem of academic performance of students in basic education of the public in the Metropolitan Region of Natal (RMN). Thus, the aim of this paper is to construct a typology of students in the 9th year of basic education, attending the public schools (state or municipal) of MRN, 2009, and assess, according to these profiles, what personal characteristics student and their families: economic, social and cultural capital as well as teaching practices create environments capable of favoring a good educational development as measured by the performance obtained in the assessments in mathematics and English language. The data used were provided through the microdata Brazil Exam 2009 held by INEP. We used the methods Grade of Membership (GoM) for construction of profiles relevance of students according to the characteristics already mentioned. With these profiles was verified, which were effectively generating good performance in school curriculum components evaluated. The findings indicate that students belonging to the profile considered good environment, able to achieve better school performance both in Portuguese as in Mathematics, compared to the extreme profiles and adverse deficit

Sobreviv��ncia de adultos e estimativa populacional da guaracava-de-topete-uniforme elaenia cristata (aves: tyrannidae) em fragmento de mata atl��ntica no Nordeste do Brasil

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior