A obra de triangulis omnimodis libri quinque de Johann Müller Regiomontanus (1436 1476): uma contribuição para o desenvolvimento da trigonometria

Trigonometry, branch of mathematics related to the study of triangles, developed from practical needs, especially relating to astronomy, Surveying and Navigation. Johann Müller, the Regiomontanus (1436-1476) mathematician and astronomer of the fifteenth century played an important role in the development of this science. His work titled De Triangulis Omnimodis Libri Quinque written around 1464, and published posthumously in 1533, presents the first systematic exposure of European plane and spherical trigonometry, a treatment independent of astronomy. In this study we present a description, translation and analysis of some aspects of this important work in the history of trigonometry. Therefore, the translation was performed using a version of the book Regiomontanus on Triangles of Barnabas Hughes, 1967. In it you will find the original work in Latin and an English translation. For this study, we use for most of our translation in Portuguese, the English version, but some doubt utterance, statement and figures were made by the original Latin. In this work, we can see that trigonometry is considered as a branch of mathematics which is subordinated to geometry, that is, toward the study of triangles. Regiomontanus provides a large number of theorems as the original trigonometric formula for the area of a triangle. Use algebra to solve geometric problems and mainly shows the first practical theorem for the law of cosines in spherical trigonometry. Thus, this study shows some of the development of the trigonometry in the fifteenth century, especially with regard to concepts such as sine and cosine (sine reverse), the work discussed above, is of paramount importance for the research in the history of mathematics more specifically in the area of historical analysis and critique of literary sources or studying the work of a particular mathematician

As memórias cortesãs de Olivier de La Marche : o nascimento do indivíduo e a espacialização da cortesia na escrita das Mémoires (1472-1501)

Cette dissertation propose l analyse des Mémoires de Olivier de La Marche, homme de la cour qui a vécu comme serviteur des maisons de Bourgogne et d Autriche de l année 1439 jusqu à 1502. Nous avons compris sa littérature comme particulière pour l époque, car elle est née motivé par les questions personnelles de l auteur. C est pourquoi qu elle s est éloignée des genres littéraires liés à la fonction de servir aux propos du prince, particulièrement les chroniques. Nous avons cru que ces intentions particulières ont eu l origine dans la tradition de la mémoire médiévale, qui a répandu de l oral pour l écrit pendant la fin de la Moyen Âge. Cette écriture de la mémoire, réglementée à l expérience de qui écrivait, a promu la naissance de l individu quand il a cherché assumer les lieux du personnage et du témoin des événements dans l espace du texte . Telle affirmation nous avons conduit jusqu à la fonction des discours qui ont créé des espaces dans l oeuvre. Motivé par la vision spécialisée comme maître d hôtel, tels discours ont produit un espace de la cour idéal, capable de justifier la personnalité de l auteur et de lui consacrer comme le maître de la pratique de la courtoisie