Integridade da pele em idosos: revisão da literatura segundo as cartas de promoção da saúde

Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que objetivou relacionar as medidas educativas para a promoção da integridade da pele em idosos com as Cartas de Promoção da Saúde. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS e COCHRANE, nos portais CAPES e BVS e na biblioteca PUBMED, mediante a aplicação dos descritores Health Education; Skin e Aged. Os resultados dos 7 artigos analisados apontaram como principais medidas educativas: inspeção diária da pele, cuidados com calçados e com os pés, uso regular de protetor solar e mudanças de decúbito. Essas medidas estavam relacionadas com as seguintes Cartas de Promoção da Saúde: Ottawa, Declaração de Santafé de Bogotá e Declaração de Jacarta. Conclui-se que as medidas educativas, baseadas nas Cartas, são de grande relevância para a criação de uma cultura de saúde, com enfoque na população e no indivíduo como agentes executores imprescindíveis para o alcance da promoção da saúde

O princípio constitucional da livre concorrência como instrumento de desenvolvimento socioeconômico

The freedom of concurrence, firstly conceived as a simple market fundament in productive systems that recognized the productive forces freedom of action, appears as a clear instrument of protection and fomentation of the market, recognizing the importance of the simultaneous existence of various economic forces such the proper capitalism reason of constitution. It has, thus, a directly role linked to the fundamental idea that the market and its productive forces needed of a protection against itself, because it exists inside the market situations and circumstances, provoked or not, that could prejudice and even annihilate the its existence and functioning, whilst a complex role of productive forces presents at all economic creation space. It was the primacy of the classic liberalism, the first phase of the capitalism. The Constitutions, in that historic moment, did not proclaim any interference at the economic scenario, simply because it recognized the existence of an economic freedom prepared to justify and guarantee the market forces, with its own rules. Based on the structural changes that occurred at the following historic moments, inside the constitutionally recognized capitalism, it was verified changes in the ambit of treatment of the freedom of concurrence principle that, in a progressive way, passes to present a configuration more concerned with socialist and developing ideas, as long as not only a market guarantee. It emerges a freedom of concurrence which aim is instrumental, in relation to its objectives and constitutional direction as a role, and not anymore stagnant and with isolated treatment, in special at the constitutional systems the present s clear aspects of social interventions and guarantor of fundamental rights more extensive and harmonious. That change is located at a space of state actuation much more ample and juridical important, this time comprehending the necessity of managing the productive scenario aiming to reach a national social and economic development effectively guarantor of fundamental rights for all citizens. Those Constitutions take as point of starting that the social and economic development, and not only anymore the economic growth, is the effective way for concretization of these rights. In that way it needs to be observed and crystallized by political and juridical tools that respect the ideological fundamental spirit of the Constitutional Charters. In that scenario that seeks for solutions of rights accomplishment, in special the social rights, the constitutional principle of freedom of concurrence has been seen as an instrument for reaching bigger values and directives, such as the social justice, which only can be real at a State that can implement a comprehensive and permanent social and economic development. The freedom of concurrence tries to valorize and defend something larger and consonant to the political values expressed in the Constitutional Charters with social character, which is the right to a social and economical sustainable development, guarantor of more clear and compromised collective benefits with social justice. The origin of that constitutional imposition is not only supported by vague orientations of the economic space, but as integrated to it, with basis formed of normative and principles posted and prepared to produce effects at the proper reason of the Constitution

Orientação geográfica: uma proposta metodológica para o ensino da geografia na 5ª série

Cartographical representations (maps, charters and plans) are taken as didactic resources in Geography classes in the 5th grade of the municipal public schools in São José de Ribamar through a methodological approach taking into consideration the use of those resources is still worries an important part of the teachers of the Maranhão State public schools who teach in this level. Papers related to the theme, most of the time, are non accessible to the teachers of the maranhense public schools, mainly because the education instilutions, which use those resources, do it in a very incipient way. So this research proposes from the drawings of magnetccoursein the school courtyards, together with maps, charts, plans among others representation used in the classroom environment, motivate the students to a deeper interests in participating in Geography learning process in the 5th grade. Interviews, analyses of socialcultural questionnaires of the families involved in the process; observations of classes, trainings, geocartographical orientations, application of pre and posttests, discussions about the usage of cartographic representations, proposed and effectivated tasks in the classroom, as well as around the school, were the basis of the researched population. As a result of this process, it was produced a was complement didatical material showing, among others, the space in which students, for sure, will contribute in an effective way to a better teaching practice in the chain of maranhense public schools, having in mind that these geographic subjects may be taught in the level we focused our study

Onde fica o sertão rompem-se as águas: processo de territorialização da ribeira do Apodi-Mossoró (1676-1725)

The Portuguese territorial process of the captaincy of Rio Grande was initiated in1598 with the conquest of the Potengi River bar by Mascarenhas Homem. This process lasted until 1633, when it was interrupted by the arrival of the Dutch, and resumed only in 1654. From this year on, the occupation of unknown lands of the captaincy was encouraged, supporting the advancement towards conquering the backlands, breaking the divisive boundaries with the captaincy of Siará Grande so far known: the Assú riverside. This breakthrough resulted in confrontations with the inhabitants of these lands, known as tapuias, leading to outbreak of several conflicts that composed the Barbarians War. The main stage of such events in Rio Grande, between the years 1687 and 1720, was precisely the Assú riverside, one of the spaces to be investigated by this research. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the advance of the conquerors in Rio Grande, contributing to the territorial process, which resulted in the emergence of a new border between Rio Grande and Siará Grande: the Apodi-Mossoró river. For this purpose, it was used sources produced between the years 1659 and 1725, as the settlement letters, royal charters, correspondence between the City Council of Natal, captains of Rio Grande and the government of Pernambuco and also the general government, as well as the documents related to the militia composed mainly by Paulistas who struggled in the captaincy.

Integridade da pele em idosos: revisão da literatura segundo as cartas de promoção da saúde

Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que objetivou relacionar as medidas educativas para a promoção da integridade da pele em idosos com as Cartas de Promoção da Saúde. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS e COCHRANE, nos portais CAPES e BVS e na biblioteca PUBMED, mediante a aplicação dos descritores Health Education; Skin e Aged. Os resultados dos 7 artigos analisados apontaram como principais medidas educativas: inspeção diária da pele, cuidados com calçados e com os pés, uso regular de protetor solar e mudanças de decúbito. Essas medidas estavam relacionadas com as seguintes Cartas de Promoção da Saúde: Ottawa, Declaração de Santafé de Bogotá e Declaração de Jacarta. Conclui-se que as medidas educativas, baseadas nas Cartas, são de grande relevância para a criação de uma cultura de saúde, com enfoque na população e no indivíduo como agentes executores imprescindíveis para o alcance da promoção da saúde