Elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos no restaurante universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

The concern about preservation of the environment reaches different layers and sections of global society. The environmental prior quality of our planet can only be reached through changes in the attitudes taken in relation due to the waste generated by society, this also lead involving the education sector, in example of the Superior Education Institutions where the concept of ambiental management needs to gain a growing space.In the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, can be found the Universitary Restaurant as an example of a Food and Nutrition Unit, it is a restaurant destined to provide services to the academic comunity with the production and distribution of meals. In this operational context the work itself aims subsidies and funds to the search of as minimal generation of residues as possible, applying environmentally correct processes and practices. The work was developed in the period of September to October of 2009 in the Universitary Campus of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Universitary Restaurant of the referred institution. The project involved all the employees of the restaurant and used like method the action survey. The produced waste was characterized, arranged according with it s nature (organic or inorganic) classificated following the NBR ISO 14004, adapted by Kinasz (2004) that adjusts the Standards to the specific reality of Food and Nutrition Services being diagnosed an expressive amount of produced waste in the Universitary Restaurant, it can be assured that a culture of wasting is very present and exists, contributing to the rise of solid residues, damaging the environment and consequently reflecting in the costs and expenses of the Unity, a known fact that characterizes and justifies the need of a promoting and active action that leads to positive reflexes in the economic and environmental area, drafting a Plan for Integrate Management of Solid Residues on the Universitary Restaurant of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte

Simulação computacional como ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto: aplicação em edifícios naturalmente ventilados no clima de Natal/RN

Natural air ventilation is the most import passive strategy to provide thermal comfort in hot and humid climates and a significant low energy strategy. However, the natural ventilated building requires more attention with the architectural design than a conventional building with air conditioning systems, and the results are less reliable. Therefore, this thesis focuses on softwares and methods to predict the natural ventilation performance from the point of view of the architect, with limited resource and knowledge of fluid mechanics. A typical prefabricated building was modelled due to its simplified geometry, low cost and occurrence at the local campus. Firstly, the study emphasized the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, to simulate the air flow outside and inside the building. A series of approaches were developed to make the simulations possible, compromising the results fidelity. Secondly, the results of CFD simulations were used as the input of an energy tool, to simulate the thermal performance under different rates of air renew. Thirdly, the results of temperature were assessed in terms of thermal comfort. Complementary simulations were carried out to detail the analyses. The results show the potentialities of these tools. However the discussions concerning the simplifications of the approaches, the limitations of the tools and the level of knowledge of the average architect are the major contribution of this study

Sistemas de automação e supervisão do laboratório de avaliação dos processos de medição de vazão e BSW

During a petroleum well production process, It is common the slmultaneous oil and water production, in proportion that can vary from 0% up to values close to 100% of water. Moreover, the production flows can vary a lot, depending on the charaeteristies of eaeh reservoir. Thus being, the meters used in field for the flow and BSW (water in the oil) measurement must work well in wide bands of operation. For the evaluation of the operation of these meters, in the different operation conditions, a Laboratory will be built in UFRN, that has for objective to evaluate in an automatic way the processes of flow and BSW petroleum measurement, considering different operation conditions. The good acting of these meters is fundamental for the accuracy of the measures of the volumes of production liquid and rude of petroleum. For the measurement of this production, the petroleum companies use meters that should indicate the values with tha largast possible accuracy and to respect a series of conditions and minimum requirements, estabelished by the united Entrance ANP/INMETRO 19106/2000. The laboratory of Evafuation of the Processes of Measurement of Flow and BSW to be built will possess an oil tank basically, a tank of water, besides a mixer, a tank auditor, a tank for separation and a tank of residues for discard of fluids, fundamental for the evaluation of the flow metars and BSW. The whole process will be automated through the use of a Programmable Logicat Controller (CLP) and of a supervisory system.This laboratory besides allowing the evaluation of flow meters and BSW used by petroleum companies, it will make possible the development of researches related to the automation. Besides, it will be a collaborating element to the development of the Computer Engineering and Automation Department, that it will propitiate the evolution of the faculty and discente, qualifying them for a job market in continuous growth. The present work describes the project of automation of the laboratory that will be built at of UFRN. The system will be automated using a Programmable Logical Controller and a supervisory system. The programming of PLC and the screens of the supervisory system were developed in this work

Variação da qualidade da água de chuva no início da precipitação

One of the most evident and actual concern, not only in the scientific means, but also of the public knowledge in general, is the lack problem of the potable water, that come increasing more each time, motivated mainly for the po llution of the sources, the bad use of the water and the increase of the population. In such a way, the necessity of looking for new water sources and the development of techniques to use sources minus explored is becoming even more important and urgent. T he rainwater comes being used since a long time like a supplying source, but, due the few knowledge of its characteristics, the generated preconception and the discrimination around its consumption and to the bad use of the technique of collection and stor age, it comes being little used, wasting consequently a significant parcel of this source. Trying to develop the knowing of some characteristics of the rainwater, the present work looks for to define the curve of variation of the quality of the rainwater i n three points with distinct characteristics of the city of Natal -RN, in the course of the precipitation, in some situations of time and space. For describe the curve of variation of the water s quality, some variables must be analyzed, and to be identifie d when they modify themselves in the endurance of rain, showing in which moment the purification of the water is more or less quickly. The pH, the Turbidity and the Electric Conductivity can be related with a big part of the physicist -chemistries variables found in the water and, like its analyses don't spend any material, they have easy access and measurement. The present work analyzes the curves of decline of these three variables, in three points with distinct characteristics in the city of Natal -RN, being these points: one next to the sea, another one in region with great buildings concentration and the last point in a less polluted area. For the studied region, it was during the five first millimeters of rain that occurs the biggest reduction of the exi sting impurities in the atmosphere, mainly between the first and the second millimeter, and after the five first millimeters the values of the variables stabilize. With exception of the University Campus, where initially the rainwater already has very good quality, the values of Turbidity and Electric Conductivity suffer a brusque reduction after the first millimeter of rain

Simulação computacional como ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto: aplicação em edifícios naturalmente ventilados no clima de Natal/RN

Natural air ventilation is the most import passive strategy to provide thermal comfort in hot and humid climates and a significant low energy strategy. However, the natural ventilated building requires more attention with the architectural design than a conventional building with air conditioning systems, and the results are less reliable. Therefore, this thesis focuses on softwares and methods to predict the natural ventilation performance from the point of view of the architect, with limited resource and knowledge of fluid mechanics. A typical prefabricated building was modelled due to its simplified geometry, low cost and occurrence at the local campus. Firstly, the study emphasized the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, to simulate the air flow outside and inside the building. A series of approaches were developed to make the simulations possible, compromising the results fidelity. Secondly, the results of CFD simulations were used as the input of an energy tool, to simulate the thermal performance under different rates of air renew. Thirdly, the results of temperature were assessed in terms of thermal comfort. Complementary simulations were carried out to detail the analyses. The results show the potentialities of these tools. However the discussions concerning the simplifications of the approaches, the limitations of the tools and the level of knowledge of the average architect are the major contribution of this study

Infecção hospitalar em pacientes cirúrgicos de hospital universitário

Analisar fatores intercorrentes e a incidência da infecção em pacientes operados no Hospital Universitário da UFRN. Métodos: Foram estudados, através de protocolo previamente estabelecido, 3.120 pacientes internados que se submeteram a procedimentos cirúrgicos no período de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2002. Resultados: O índice de infecção hospitalar foi de 5,9%, e a topografia de maior incidência foi a ferida operatória (3,7%). Infecção respiratória ocorreu em 1,2%, urinária em 0,6% e bacteremia em 0,1%. O índice de infecção comunitária foi de 9,2%, predominando infecção urinária (5%) e respiratória (2,1%). Quanto ao grau de contaminação das feridas operatórias, as feridas limpas (1479) apresentaram infecção em 2,9%, as feridas limpascontaminadas (1277) em 6,0% dos casos, as feridas contaminadas (270) em 15,1%, e as ferida infectadas (94) resultaram em infecção em 30,75% dos casos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a incidência de infecção cirúrgica foi compatível com os índices na literatura mundial. A partir desses dados, ratifica-se a importância de medidas de controle de infecção hospitalar de forma sistemática, como vem sendo realizado no hospital onde o estudo foi realizado

Achados da fundoscopia e alterações do pé diabético em pacientes do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes/UFRN

Trabalho com o objetivo de identificar as alterações do pé diabético causadas pelas lesões microangiopáticas e das lesões do fundo de olho secundárias aretinopatia diabética. Métodos:76 pacientes com Diabetes Melito tipos 1 e 2atendidos no ambulatório de Oftalmologia e Cirurgia Vascular do HUOL/UFRN, Natal, RN, no período de novembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005, com queixas relativas a alterações da retinopatia diabéticae/oudo pé diabético. Em todos os pacientes foi realizado exame clínico geral, vascular e oftalmológico. Na avaliação específicado pé diabético deu-se ênfase paraa investigação do status vascular pela Classificação de Fontaine para Doença Arterial Obstrutiva Periférica, biomecânica,e teste do monofilamento de Semmes-Weinstein. O exame oftalmológico constou de refração e fundoscopiaatravés da qual identificou-se as formas clínicas da retinopatia diabética. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística das variáveis primárias que consistiu em caracterizar o grupo quanto a idade, tempo de doença, nível de glicose A segunda estratégia da análise dos dados constituiu na realização de testes de associação entrealgumas variáveis secundárias selecionadas. O software utilizado para os testes estatísticos foi o Statistica Versão 5, 1997.Resultado: Dos 76 pacientes diabéticos 97% tinham idade superior a 40 anos. O tempo de doença65% tinham mais de 10 anos. Com relação à glicose 72,72% apresentaram níveis de glicose em jejum acima de 100mg/dl. 55,26% apresentavam algum grau de retinopatia diabética contra 44,74% que não apresentavamesses sinais. Com as alterações do pé diabético, identificou-se 59,93% com lesões com área de predominância isquêmica, enquanto 41,07% tinham ausência de sinais. 58,82% apresentaram área de predominância neuropática, e 41,18% sem sinais de neuropatia. Dos com retinopatia diabética 78,57% tinham comprometimento isquêmico no pé e 47,62% tinham algum grau de neuropatia diabética. Observou-se que a retinopatia diabética não proliferativa, nos seus diversos graus de comprometimento apresentou-se com percentuais em torno de 80% junto às lesões do pé diabético, seja isquêmico ou neuropático. Dos pacientes que tinham retinopatia 60,46% tinham alterações biomecânicas dos pés. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a RDNP leve foi mais freqüente nas lesões do pé diabético isquêmico, enquanto a RDNP severa mostrou-se mais presente no pé diabético neuropático

Incidência e fatores de risco da retinopatia diabética em pacientes do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal-RN

Estudar a incidência e fatores de risco (tempo de doença e presença de hipertensão arterial sistêmica) para retinopatia diabética em 1002 pacientes encaminhados pelo Programa de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes no período de 1992 – 1995. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus encaminhados ao Setor de Retina do Departamento de Oftalmologia pelo Programa de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário e submetido, sob a supervisão do autor, a exame oftalmológico, incluindo medida da acuidade visual corrigida (tabela de Snellen), biomicroscopia do segmento anterior e posterior, tonometria de aplanação e oftalmoscopia binocular indireta sob midríase(tropicamida 1% + fenilefrina 10%). Foi realizada análise dos prontuários referente ao tempo de doenças e diagnostico clínico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Resultados: Dos 1002 diabéticos examinados (em 24 deles a fundoscopia foi inviável), 978 foram separados em 4 grupos: sem retinopatia diabética (SRD), 675 casos (69,01%); com retinopatia diabética não proliferativa (RDNP), 207 casos (21,16%); com retinopatia diabética proliferativa (RDP), 70 casos (7,15%); e pacientes já fotocoagulados (JFC), 26 casos (2,65%). Do total, 291 eram do sexo masculino (29%) e 711 do sexo feminino (71%). Os 4 grupos foram ainda avaliados quanto ao sexo, a faixa etária, a acuidade visual, tempo de doença, presença de catarata e hipertensão arterial sistêmica e comparados entre si. Com relação ao tipo de diabetes, 95 eram do tipo I (9,4%), 870 pacientes eram do tipo II (86,8%), e em 37 casos(3,7%) o tipo de diabetes não foi determinado. Conclusões: Comprovou-se que os pacientes com maior tempo de doença tinham maior probabilidade de desenvolver retinopatia diabética, e que a hipertensão arterial sistêmica não constituiu fator de risco em relação à diminuição da acuidade visual nos pacientes hipertensos

Infecção hospitalar em pacientes cirúrgicos de hospital universitário

Objetivo: Analisar fatores intercorrentes e a incidência da infecção em pacientes operados no Hospital Universitário da UFRN. Métodos: Foram estudados, através de protocolo previamente estabelecido, 3.120 pacientes internados que se submeteram a procedimentos cirúrgicos no período de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2002. Resultados: O índice de infecção hospitalar foi de 5,9%, e a topografia de maior incidência foi a ferida operatória (3,7%). Infecção respiratória ocorreu em 1,2%, urinária em 0,6% e bacteremia em 0,1%. O índice de infecção comunitária foi de 9,2%, predominando infecção urinária (5%) e respiratória (2,1%). Quanto ao grau de contaminação das feridas operatórias, as feridas limpas (1479) apresentaram infecção em 2,9%, as feridas limpascontaminadas (1277) em 6,0% dos casos, as feridas contaminadas (270) em 15,1%, e as ferida infectadas (94) resultaram em infecção em 30,75% dos casos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a incidência de infecção cirúrgica foi compatível com os índices na literatura mundial. A partir desses dados, ratifica-se a importância de medidas de controle de infecção hospitalar de forma sistemática, como vem sendo realizado no hospital onde o estudo foi realizado

A influência de decisões arquitetônicas na eficiência energética do Campus vol. 1/UFRN

Building design is an effective way to achieve HVAC energy consumption reduction. However, this potentiality is often neglected by architects due to the lack of references to support design decisions. This works intends to propose architectural design guidelines for energy efficiency and thermal performance of Campus/UFRN buildings. These guidelines are based on computer simulations results using the software DesignBuilder. The definition of simulation models has begun with envelope variables, partially done after a field study of thirteen buildings at UFRN/Campus. This field study indicated some basic envelope patterns that were applied in simulation models. Occupation variables were identified with temperature and energy consumption monitoring procedures and a verification of illumination and equipment power, both developed at the Campus/UFRN administration building. Three simulation models were proposed according to different design phases and decisions. The first model represents early design decisions, simulating the combination of different types of geometry with three levels of envelope thermal performance. The second model, still as a part of early design phase, analyses thermal changes between circulation halls lateral and central and office rooms, as well as the heat fluxes and monthly temperatures in each circulation hall. The third model analyses the influence of middle-design and detail design decisions on energy consumption and thermal performance. In this model, different solutions of roofs, shading devices, walls and external colors were simulated. The results of all simulation models suggest a high influence of thermal loads due to the incidence of solar radiation on windows and surfaces, which highlights the importance of window shading devices, office room orientation and absorptance of roof and walls surfaces

Projeto do complexo ambulatorial do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto visando a critérios de sustentabilidade

The purpose of this dissertation is the architectural project of the ambulatory complex of the Federal University of Pará in Belém. It is a health care establishment whose focus is sustainability, energy efficiency and humanization. This design went through the application of architectural concepts, the study of references (theorical and empirical ones), planning, examining the terrain and its conditions and the preliminay design and resulted in a preliminary architecture blueprint. The empirical research is based on the main building of the Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto in Belém, Hospital Sarah Kubitschek of Fortaleza (Architect João Filgueiras de Lima - Lelé) and Hospital e Maternity São Luiz of São Paulo (Architect Siegbert Zanettini). Part of the planning is based on the method "Problem Seeking of Pena and Parshal (2001)". During the development process I sought to incorporate sustainability criterias, energy efficiency and humanization. In relation to sustainability the dissertation focuses on the utilization of rainwater for non-potable usage

Análise bioclimática como ferramenta para implementação do plano diretor do campus central da UFRN

This research investigates the microclimate and the morphology features of the central campus of the UFRN, in Natal-RN, through the use of bioclimatic tools of analysis in order to assist the implementation of the campus´ Master Plan. It develops a diagnosis of the evolution and growth of the urban space surveyed by analyzing its initial plan and the basic urban conception behind it, as well as the morphology and typologies utilized. The study makes a qualitative analysis of the local microclimate by using Katzschner (1997) methodology, with land-use and topography maps, building heights, vegetation and soil covering. It also makes use of the methodology proposed by Oliveira (1993), which examines, from the bioclimatic standpoint, the human environment as related to the urban form (site and built mass). It identifies zones whose climatic characteristics are representative of the local microclimate and classifies them into areas to be strictly preserved, areas to be protected and areas to be improved. By means of the methodology for spatial and environmental assessment developed by Bustos Romero (2001), the survey selects characteristic points of each area in order to register the environmental data relative to the two basic seasons found in the region where the campus is located, that is, the dry and the rainy season, so that it can evaluate changes in the environment which might have been caused by urban density growth, by arborization or by the influence of the urban form. It then proceeds to a quantitative and statistical survey of the collected data with the purpose of evaluating the degree of influence of the identified features over the environmental variables along the different scales of approach. The study shows the existence of different microclimates and emphasizes the relevance of the bioclimatic analysis of the built environment as a tool for the decision-making process along the development of the Master Plan for UFRN Central Campus

Estudo da frequência e perfil epidêmico-sorológico da toxoplasmose ocular em pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de oftalmologia do hospital universitário onofre lopes no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Toxoplasmosis, provoked by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most prevalent parasitoses in the world. In humans, transmission occurs by three evolutionary forms of the parasite: oocysts, tissue cysts and tachyzoites. Wild and domestic felines are definitive hosts. The ocular form of toxoplasmosis can be of congenital origin with early or late clinical manifestations, or acquired after birth. T. gondii is considered the main culprit for most cases of infectious uveitis. This study aimed at assessing ocular toxoplasmosis, relating it to factors associated to the patient s lifestyle and describing the epidemic-serological and clinical profile of affected individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 159 patients. Univariate analysis (odds ratio) was used to evaluate the data, with a confidence interval of 95% and p-value < 0.05. A prevalence of 4% of ocular toxoplasmosis was observed in the population of patients treated at an ophthalmological clinic. Of patients directly examined by immunoenzymatic assay (MEIA-AxSYM®- Microparticle Enzyme Immune Assay), considering only uveitis, a frequency of anti-T. gondii of 73%, most of whom exhibited titulation between 40-99 UI IgG/mL. With respect to location of ocular lesions, bilaterality was observed in 57% of patients assessed by the ophthalmoscopy technique. When compared with the results of an active search of medical records, a similarity in ocular toxoplasmosis (74%) and bilateral lesion location (55%) was observed. Type I lesion was the most frequent type observed, with intraocular disposition in the macula. An epidemiological survey revealed that direct contact with cats; consuming raw or poorly cooked meat and direct contact with the soil were significantly associated with greater likelihood of acquiring ocular toxoplasmosis. Sample characterization in relation to age range was significant for patients between 31 and 40 years [χ², chi-square test (p = 0.04)], but population traits such as schooling, sanitary district, and monthly income were not significant. Results confirm that ocular toxoplasmosis is widely distributed in the metropolitan area of Natal, Brazil, with significant prevalence of ocular lesions provoked by T.gondii. It is suggested that sanitary authorities exert greater control in order to minimize the risk of toxoplasmic infection, mainly in pregnant women.

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica das condições de saúde oral dos receptores de transplante renal do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal RN

Introduction: The chronic immunosuppression promotes the development of changes in the oral cavity of the kidney transplant recipients (KTR), however with the exception of gingival overgrowth, little is known regarding the prevalence of oral lesions in this population. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of clinical and microbiological conditions of the oral cavity of the recipients of kidney transplantation and the associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which examined 96 clinical KTR and experimental where collected saliva stimulated them to identify Candida sp. Data collection consisted of evaluation stomatologic, socio-demographic, clinical aspects of transplantation, condition of oral hygiene and dental caries, yonder to questions about knowledge of oral alteration after transplantation. Results: Of the total, 66.7% of KTR had some type of oral manifestation. The most common was saburral tongue, followed by gingival overgrowth, with both oral manifestations related to gender and concomitant use of cyclosporine and nifedipine (p <0.05). Tacrolimus showed a protective effect for gingival overgrowth (OR = 0.13). The oral hygiene was associated with saburral tongue(p = 0.03) and severity of gingival overgrowth (p = 0.0001). Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 17.7% of patients and Candida albicans was isolated most frequently in the saliva of RTR with a colonization of 58.3%. The average DMF-T increased with age. The method of oral hygiene was most used brush and toothpaste to 61.5%. Changes in the oral cavity was seen in 54.2% of KTR, citing as the main growth and gingival ulcers. Instructions for oral hygiene after transplantation were neglected for 61.5% of RTR. Dry mouth and halitosis were reported in 30.2% and 36.5% respectively. Conclusions: More the half of the KTR had at least one injury of the mouth, the immunosuppressive drugs and oral hygiene are associated with these alterations. Prospective cohort studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between oral manifestations and levels of drug and risk of oral manifestations occur over time. The kidney transplant recipients showed to be aware of oral alterations occurred after transplantation and uninformed about the oral hygiene instructions. With regard to hygiene, the incidence of caries was considered high, conditions of risk were identified and improvements in primary attention should be encouraged and reflected in the monitoring of renal transplant

Infecção hospitalar associada ao uso de cateter venoso central e a quebra de protocolos pelos profissionais de saúde na UTI de um hospital universitário em Natal/RN

This is a study descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative approaches, which aimed to analyze the association between hospital infection rate for insertion, maintenance of central venous catheter and the breakdown of protocols (rules and routines) by health professionals assisting patients in the ICU of a university hospital in Natal / RN. The process of data collection was through observation with structured form, refers to medical records and structured questionnaires with health professionals. The results were organized, tabulated, categorized and analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The characterization of the subjects was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, taking into account the nature of the variables, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation test, it was a discussion of the information obtained, considering the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance and standard error. The variables that showed a higher level of correlation were treated with the application of significance tests. As the results, 71% of participants were female and 29% male, age ranged from 18 to 85 years (52.6 ± 22.5). The insertion, there was a variation from 0 to 5 errors (1.2 ± 1.4), during maintenance, the average was 2.3 ± 0.9 errors, ranging from 0 to 4. During the insertion and maintenance of CVC, patients who had been an infection ranging from 2 to 9 mistakes (4.2 ± 1.7), since those who did not show the variation goes from 0 to 5 errors (2, 8 ± 1.5). The correlation coefficient between the risk of infection throughout the process and the risk of infection at the insertion showed strong and significant (r = 0.845 p = 0.000) and in relation to risk of infection in maintenance was moderate and significant (r = 0.551 p = 0.001). The mistakes made by professionals in the procedures for insertion and maintenance of the catheter, associated with other conditions, shown as a risk factor for the of IH