Perfil hormonal anual de machos e fêmeas adultos de saguis (callithrix jacchus)

Many behavioral and biological variables of animals are expressed in the form of biological rhytms, down by the Circadian Timing System, that synchronize them with the environment from external stimuli such as light. One of them is the secretion profile of most circulating hormones regulated by the hypothalamuspirtuitary axis, which controls functions essential for the survival and reproduction of organisms. The sagüi, Callithrix jacchus, one of the most studied species about their endocrine physiology, is an appropriate subject for evaluating the profile of plasma prolactin and cortisol of adult males and females born in captivity throughout the year. Three male and two adult femelas were housed individually and subjected to natural environmental conditions over two years. Blood samples were used to measure the circulating levels of both hormones by methods radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. The analysis during the year of the plasmatic values of both hormones test was performed by ANOVA for repeated measures, the correlation of Spearman, and the test of Friedman and Student's t-test. The levels of prolactin in plasma were higher during the months in which there is a greater incidence of births of baby in the colony, possibly serving for modulating the expression of the behavior of parental care in both sexes. The plasma cortisol showed a lift in anticipation of the station with the highest birth rate and may be associated with the preparation of individual participation in caring for the baby, and also with the establishment of emotional bond between reproductive partners. Thus, this study shows that, despite the variations observed in the environment in which the animals live, plasma levels of prolactin and cortisol vary little throughout the year.

Avaliação do efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de Anacardium occidentale L. em ratos submetidos à colite ulcerativa

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation in the intestinal mucosa, in most cases affects the colon and rectum. The therapeutic drugs are used as aminosalicylates and glucocorticosteroids, but due to the low response and the various side effects caused by them, reveals the need to search for new sources of useful compounds in the treatment of this disease.The species Anacardium occidentale popularly known as cashew, has been used for centuries in folk medicine in the healing aid of skin and mucosa lesions.Recent studies show its expressive antiulcerogenic effect, what we instigated to assess the effect of the extract of A. occidentaleleaves in rats with acute ulcerative colitis, therefore, 42 rats were used male Wistar, divided into 06 groups, and Negative Control (C) Positive Control (C +), treated with Sulfasalazine (Sz500) and treated with Extract A. occidentale at doses of 50 (Ao50), 100 (Ao100) and 200 mg / kg (Ao200).All groups were submitted to experimental colitis Ulcerative except C-, moreover, C- and C + received saline via gavage for 7 consecutive days while the other groups received their respective treatments.Euthanasia of animals took place on the 8th day in which it was collected intestinal colon sample for later analysis macroscopic, histopathological, morphometric and biochemistry, as well as complementary collection of blood and liver tissue. The extract is rich in saponins and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol) and tannins.When the Sz500 groups and 100 showed significant protection to damage to lipids and proteins, among the groups subjected to experimental ulcerative colitis, the animals Ao100 group obtained the lowest score in all parameters analyzed.Treatment with 100 mg / kg of A. occidentale extract seems to have a combination of antiinflammatory, antioxidant, bactericidal and anabolic promoted by the bioactive compounds present in the extract.However, it is necessary to investigate harder treating dose of 100mg / kg to higher doses compared to elucidate more properly the best therapeutic dosage ulcerative colitis.

Efeito anti-inflamatório e antioxidante do extrato hidroalcóolico de Turnera subulata na colite ulcerativa induzida por ácido acético em ratos

Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

Efeito anti-inflamatório e antioxidante do extrato hidroalcóolico de Turnera subulata na colite ulcerativa induzida por ácido acético em ratos

Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.