Atividade eletroencefalográfica de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral na aprendizagem motora de um jogo baseado em realidade virtual

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability among adults and motor relearning is essential in motor sequelae recovery. Therefore, various techniques have been proposed to achieve this end, among them Virtual Reality. The aim of the study was to evaluate electroencephalographic activity of stroke patients in motor learning of a virtual reality-based game. The study included 10 patients with chronic stroke, right-hande; 5 with left brain injury (LP), mean age 48.8 years (± 4.76) and 5 with injury to the right (RP), mean age 52 years (± 10.93). Participants were evaluated for electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and performance while performing 15 repetitions of darts game in XBOX Kinect and also through the NIHSS, MMSE, Fugl-Meyer and the modified Ashworth scale. Patients underwent a trainning with 45 repetitions of virtual darts game, 12 sessions in four weeks. After training, patients underwent reassessment of EEG activity and performance in virtual game of darts (retention). Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. According to the results, there were differences between the groups (PD and PE) in frequencies Low Alpha (p = 0.0001), High Alpha (p = 0.0001) and Beta (p = 0.0001). There was an increase in alpha activation powers and a decrease in beta in the phase retention of RP group. In LP group was observed increased alpha activation potency, but without decrease in beta activation. Considering the asymmetry score, RP group increased brain activation in the left hemisphere with the practice in the frontal areas, however, LP group had increased activation of the right hemisphere in fronto-central areas, temporal and parietal. As for performance, it was observed a decrease in absolute error in the game for RP group between assessment and retention (p = 0.015), but this difference was not observed for LP group (p = 0.135). It follows then that the right brain injury patients benefited more from darts game training in the virtual environment with respect to the motor learning process, reducing neural effort in ipsilesionais areas and errors with the practice of the task. In contrast, patients with lesions in left hemisphere decrease neural effort in contralesionais areas important for motor learning and showed no performance improvements with practice of 12 sessions of virtual dart game. Thus, the RV can be used in rehabilitation of stroke patients upper limb, but the laterality of the injury should be considered in programming the motor learning protocol.

A expressão do condicionado contrafactual em construções se p, então q no português brasileiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.

Estudo da obtenção de cerâmica composta de alumina e beta alumina sódica utilizando-se resíduo cerâmico de velas de ignição e pó químico de extintores de incêndio

Ceramic materials the alumina base are large industrial applications. They are required for these products, specific characteristics obtained by following strict criteria during the manufacturing process. However, after life, not always these products are reused by a suitable waste management process. In ceramist context, advance research aimed at the reuse of waste aimed at obtaining ceramics and composite materials, with marked reduction of conventional raw materials. Aiming to generate scientific, technological and environmental contribution, this work studied to obtain a composite of alumina ceramic (Al2O3) and sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17 ), and as starting materials the residue of the ceramic insulator of spark plugs, as a source alumina (Al2O3) powder and unusable sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) of fire extinguishers, as a source of sodium oxide (Na2O). The final ceramic product was obtained from a conventional mixture of sodium aluminum oxide in appropriate molar proportions. Sample spark plugs were obtained, discarded by lifetime, specific to a manufacturer, which, after passing through mechanical stress (grinding, magnetic purification, washing, drying and grinding the high energy), which resulted in residue powder with ceramic content of 84.34 % alumina (Al2O3), found by FRX chemical analysis, the phases present and identified by DRX. The dry chemical fire extinguisher, baking soda-based (NaHCO3) with expired, was obtained through direct collection of the waste generated during maintenance. Subjected to heat treatment at 120 °C , the NaHCO3 powder was decomposed in sodium oxide ( Na2O), which, subjected to chemical analysis (FRX) and mineralogical (DRX) revealed a content of 86.62 % sodium oxide (Na2O) . In the following steps the experimental procedure, chemical formulations were made on a molar basis of the starting material (1:9, 1:10 and 1:11 de Na2O/ Al2O3) inclusion of additives, milling parameters, sieve analysis, dilatometry, conformation of specimens, sintering in firing steps at 800 °C , 1000 °C and 1.200 °C with varying stays 30 , 60 and 120 minutes in each of the levels. The characterization of the final product was made by the following physical tests: water absorption, porosity, linear shrinkage, mineralogical analysis by DRX and microstructural analysis by MEV. A higher formation of sodium beta alumina (NaAl11O17), in sintered specimens in levels of 1.200 °C and 120 minutes, despite the prevailing coexistence of alpha phase alumina (Al2O3). From the results obtained opens up prospects for the reuse of waste studied in this work, the potter context and in other technological areas.